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The main objective of the paper was to determine the significance of particular methods of supporting women's entrepreneurship in Greater Poland. Five groups of such support have been identified: socio-cultural, promotional and informational, financial, institutional, consulting and training. This led to identifying gaps in existing support and to finding the most significant support for entrepreneurial women. The study revealed a discrepancy between the assessment carried out by experts, students and women entrepreneurs. Owners of enterprises’ opinions show that the available forms of support are not as useful as it might seem from the perspective of researchers and potential owners. There are also forms of support that are not used by the female owners.

identifier:oai:t2r2.star.titech.ac.jp:00027878

Solar energy, since it is available every day, is seen as one of the most valuable renewable energy resources. Thus, the energy of sun should be efficiently used in various applications. The most known applications that use solar energy are heating water and spaces. High efficiency solar collectors need appropriate selective surfaces to absorb the heat. Selective surfaces (Selektif-Sera) used in this study are applied to flat collectors, which are produced by a roll to roll cost effective coating of nano nickel layers, developed in Selektif Teknoloji Co. Inc. Efficiency of flat collectors using Selektif-Sera absorbers are calculated in collaboration with Institute for Solar Technik Rapperswil, Switzerland. The main cause of high energy consumption in industry is mostly caused from low temperature level processes. There is considerable effort in research to minimize the energy use by renewable energy sources such as solar energy. A feasibility study will be presented to obtain the potential of solar thermal energy utilization in the textile industry using these solar collectors. For the feasibility calculations presented in this study, textile dyeing and finishing factory located at Kahramanmaras is selected since the geographic location was an important factor. Kahramanmaras is located in the south east part of Turkey thus has a great potential to have solar illumination much longer. It was observed that, the collector area is limited by the available area in the factory, thus a hybrid heating generating system (lignite/solar thermal) was preferred in the calculations of this study to be more realistic. During the feasibility work, the calculations took into account the preheating process, where well waters heated from 15 °C to 30-40 °C by using the hot waters in heat exchangers. Then the preheated water was heated again by high efficiency solar collectors. Economic comparison between the lignite use and solar thermal collector use was provided to determine the optimal system that can be used efficiently. The optimum design of solar thermal systems was studied depending on the optimum collector area. It was found that the solar thermal system is more economic and efficient than the merely lignite use. Return on investment time is calculated as 5.15 years. {"references": ["http://www.aee-intec.at/0uploads/dateien561.pdf, Accessed on 18/05/2016.", "http://www.solarthermalworld.org/sites/gstec/files/SoPro_Leaflet_en.pdfAccessed on 18/05/2016.", "Kalogirou S. \"The potential of solar industrial process heat applications\", Applied Energy, 2003, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 337-361.", "S Mekhilef, R Saidur, A Safari, \"A review on solar energy use in industries\", Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 2011, vol. 15, no. 4 pp. 1777-1790.", "Taibi, E, Gielen D, Bazilian M. \"Measuring energy poverty: Focusing on what matters\", Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 2012, vol.16, no.1, pp. 735-744", "Faninger, G., \"The potential of Solar Heat in the future energy system\", IFF-University of Klagenfurt, Austria; www.uni-klu.ac.at/iff/ikn/downloads/Potential_of_Solar_Heat.pdf, Accessed on 18/05/2016", "Vannoni, C., Battisti, R., Drigo, S., Potential for Solar Heat in Industrial Processes, Task 33, 2008. Solar Cooling and Heating Committee of the International Energy Agency (IEA).", "TMMOB Mechanical Engineering Chamber Report, \"T\u00fcrkiye'nin Enerji G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc\", 2012, pp. 1588", "Kad\u0131rgan F., Roll to roll manufacturing of solar selective sheets, PCT patent, PCT/IB2010/055006, WO/2012/059789 \n[10]\thttp://www.estif.org/fileadmin/estif/content/policies/downloads/D23-solar-industrial-process-heat.pdf, Accessed on 20/05/2016"]}

The integration of Grid-Connected PV systems into buildings or public areas is one of the most usual applications of the photovoltaic solar energy in developed countries. Since early 2009, the University is working on an ambitious project, the so-called UNIVERSOL project, where its main goal is to convert the University Campus in a big public area which combines the PV electricity generation with the common uses of a university place. The aim of this paper is to show to the scientific community the main results of this project and that the methodology proposed for the “large urban-area photovoltaic potential” estimation can be easily exportable to other locations with similar characteristics, so the photovoltaic generators integration examples proposed in this project, and the software tools used to represent it, can be helpful for other designers, taking into account that this project has been adapted to the new Spanish legislation. 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4068-4072

Diversos autores han establecido la gran importancia que tiene para las empresas el contar con información precisa relativa al costo de cada producto, siendo esto particularmente cierto en el ambiente de la intensa competencia global actual. A pesar de ello, se ha demostrado que los sistemas tradicionales no satisfacen las presentes demandas empresariales por lo que en los últimos años se han propuesto nuevos métodos de costeo los cuales, sin embargo, aún resultan imprecisos. Es por esta situación manifiesta que en este trabajo se presenta una nueva metodología para la determinación del costo de almacenaje de un producto, extrapolable a todos los eslabones de la Cadena de Suministro. A su vez, se propone un nuevo inductor de costo, el índice logístico, el cual contribuye a brindar información más precisa que los métodos tradicionales. Se concluye mostrando un caso de negocio donde se aplica este modelo en una empresa logística española.

A conversion efficiency of 22.75 % for silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells using standard 40 um finger width of copper electroplating process has been successfully achieved in our RD line at AU Optronics (AUO). However, 40 um finger width of copper (Cu) electroplating (EP) technique has encountered difficulties for further efficiency improvements. Our power loss simulation reveals efficiency gains from fine fingers. AUO solar RD team has been developing a new manufacturing technology by employing 20 um finger width of Cu EP to improve shortcircuit current. Both the experimental result and theoretical calculation show that the total power loss of 20 um finger width and optimum TCO film resistance of Cu EP cells is much smaller than the power loss from the state of 40 um finger width technique. According to the simulation result, an efficiency of more than 23.1% is achievable by our unique metallization technique. 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1352-1354

Seed oil of Castor bean (Ricinus communis L) grown in Morocco were analyzed for their main chemical composition and for their oxidative stability. Gas chromatography revealed that the major fatty acids were ricinoleic, linoleic, and oleic acids (75.0%, 9.7%, and 7. 7% respectively). Seed oil was also found to be rich in sterols (2210 mg/kg) with a predominance of β-sitosterol (1041 mg/kg). The tocopherols marker δ-tocopherol accounted for 43.1 mg/kg. Oxidative stability of castor oil was measured at 110 °C at the air flow rate of 20 L/hw, castor oil was more stable than many other oils with 35.5 h. The results achieved suggest that the castor bean might be an important source of vegetable oil for industrial uses. Moroccan Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 4, No 2 (2016)

The 2011 world average carbon footprint of PV system manufacturing is estimated as 1798 kg CO2- eq/kWp using technology shares (multi, mono, film Si, CdTe, CIGS) as weighting factors. The electricity mixes of all production countries of poly-Si, wafer, cell and modules was taken into account. New yearly irradiation data (kWh/m2) and PV energy output (kWh/kWp) are calculated for different regions in Europe on NUTS level 1 and 2 for horizontal, optimum and vertical angle. The world average carbon footprint of PV electricity generation is estimated as 55 g CO2- eq/kWh with cumulative installations as weighting factors. Lowest value of 38 g CO2-eq/kWh is for Cyprus which has a high irradiation and the highest value of 89 g CO2-eq/kWh is for Iceland which has a low irradiation. It is assumed that the PV modules are installed at optimal angle to the sun and end-of-life treatment is excluded. The majority of countries can decrease the greenhouse gas emission of electricity generation by increasing the share of photovoltaics. 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3421-3430

Highly conductive sintered silicon is a promising material which can be used as substrates for high efficiency devices deposited on or bonded to the surface of such supporting substrates. This work presents results concerning sintering of such material by hot pressing (HP) and Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) methods. The samples were characterized by Light and electron microscopy, Electron Backscatter Diffraction, Energy Dispersive Diffraction and Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry. The texture was substantially different between the two materials with random orientation and grain boundaries for HP and considerable Coincidence Site Lattice (CSL) and twinning for the SPS material. Considerable particulate contamination of W, Fe, Cr and Al was detected by EDS. Dislocation density was high, but could not be reliably characterized by etching method. Such defect and contamination levels are not necessarily detrimental for hybrid structures, although presence of fast diffusing elements may pose challenges due to transfer to the high quality layer during depositing or bonding. 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 427-430

{"references": ["T Gopinathan, K P Arul Shri: Simulation of Recharging Battery of the\nPacemaker using Piezoelectric Crystal from the Pulse in Aorta, Thesis,\nDec 2011.", "H.W. Ko: US Patent 3456134A: Piezoelectric Energy Converter for\nElectronic Implants, 1969.", "A. Badel: R\u00e9cup\u00e9ration d'Energie et Contr\u00f4le Vibratoire par El\u00e9ments\nPi\u00e9zo\u00e9lectriques Suivant une Approche Non Lin\u00e9aire, Ph.D. Thesis,\nUniversit\u00e9 de Savoie, 2008.", "M. Deterre: Toward an Energy Harvester for Leadless Pacemakers,\nPh.D. Thesis, Paris-Sud Univ. 2013.", "N. Andrew: Redington,CardiacDept, Brompton Hospital, Fulham Road,\nLondon SW3 6HP, in press.", "R. White, G. Savage, M. Zdeblick: US Patent 7729768 B2: Implantable\nCardiac Motion Powered Piezoelectric Energy Source.", "S. Priya, D.J. Inman: Energy Harvesting Technologies.", "N. Bassiri-Gharb : Piezoelectric Mems: Materials and Devices,\nPiezoelectric and Acoustic Materials for Transducer Applications, A.\nSafari, E.K. Akdogan, eds., Springer US, 2008, pp. 413\u2013430.", "W. Clark, C. Mo : Energy Harvesting Technologies, Ch.16, pp.405-430,\nS. Priya, D.J. Inman eds., Springer, 2009.\n[10] M. Deterre, E. Lefeuvre, E. Dufour-Gergam : An Active Piezoelectric\nEnergy Extraction Method for Pressure Energy Harvesting, Smart\nMaterials and Structures, Vol.21(8), 085004, 2012.\n[11] M.A. Karami, D.J. Inman: Powering Pacemakers from Heartbeat\nVibrations Using Linear and Nonlinear Energy Harvesters, Appl. Phys.\nLett. 100, 042901 (2012), in press.\n[12] S.R Anton, H.A Sodano : A Review of Power Harvesting Using\nPiezoelectric Materials (2003\u20132006), Smart Materials and Structures,\nVol.16(3), R1, 2007."]} Present project consists in a study and a development of piezoelectric devices for supplying power to new generation pacemakers. They are miniaturized leadless implants without battery placed directly in right ventricle. Amongst different acceptable energy sources in cardiac environment, we choose the solution of a device based on conversion of the energy produced by pressure variation inside the heart into electrical energy. The proposed energy harvesters can meet the power requirements of pacemakers, and can be a good solution to solve the problem of regular surgical operation. With further development, proposed device should provide enough energy to allow pacemakers autonomy, and could be good candidate for next pacemaker generation.