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  • Energy Research
  • engineering and technology
  • 7. Clean energy
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Viorel POP;

    Energy is an essential factor regarding the economic development and for providing a high standard of living to the population of any country. Because energy is produced mainly using classic fuels (coal, oil and gas) for a few decades there are signals regarding their exhaustion. Therefore, mankind should concern more about finding viable alternatives to replace the classical fuels. This way the use of nuclear fuels appeared, then the force of the wind, of the tides and of the photovoltaic cells. However, there are still enough energy resources for further growth of the global energy production. The great consumers are both the major energy producers, only their hierarchy has changed and changes over time. The paper presents all these countries, and also Romania, including its specific developments in recent years.

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    Management Intercultural
    Article . 2017
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Management Intercult...arrow_drop_down
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      Management Intercultural
      Article . 2017
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  • Authors: Habib Hamzi;

    Les dimensions géostratégiques, économiques et les impacts écologiques ont une importance croissante dans l’élaboration du nouvel ordre énergétique mondial impliquant une redéfinition des besoins et des modes de production et de consommation et par conséquent, une redéfinition de la carte du paysage énergétique actuel en modifiant la répartition géographique des disponibilités énergétiques. Par conséquent, les dynamiques économiques qui en découlent modifient les rapports de force à l’échelle mondiale et affectent également les recompositions politiques à l’intérieur des États comme à l’échelle des espaces régionaux. Ainsi, le passage d’un système s’appuyant sur l’usage massif des énergies fossiles génératrices de pollution à un autre faisant recours à l’utilisation des énergies renouvelables, et plus particulièrement, l’énergie solaire, plus respectueuses de l’environnement, pourrait constituer un partenariat économique, social et environnemental très solide pour approcher les deux rives de la méditerranée sur un thème singulièrement d’actualité.Pour mettre en évidence cette nouvelle configuration, la Tunisie servira d’exemple à notre réflexion en la matière qui nous permettra de rendre manifeste ce nouveau partenariat énergétique qui se réalisera conjointement selon deux échelles : locale et régionale. The geostrategic dimensions, economic and ecological impacts have a growing importance in the development of the new order of global energy involving a redefinition of the needs and modes of production and consumption and therefore, a redefinition of the map of the energy landscape in current amending the geographical distribution of energy supply. Therefore, the dynamic economic resulting there from shall amend the reports of force on a global scale and also affect the redials policies to the inside of the States as to the scale of the regional spaces. As well, the passage of a system based on the massive use of fossil energy generators of pollution to another making recourse to the use of renewable energies, and more particularly, solar energy, more respectful of the environment, could constitute an economic partnership, social, and environmental very solid for approaching the two shores of the Mediterranean on a singularly topical subject.To highlight this new configuration, Tunisia will serve as an example to our thinking on the matter which will allow us to make manifest this new energy partnership that will be realized jointly according to two scales: local and regional.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: D'Ans, Pierre; Hohenauer, Wolfgang; Courbon, Emilie; Frère, Marc; +2 Authors

    info:eu-repo/semantics/published

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    DI-fusion
    2014
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ DI-fusionarrow_drop_down
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      DI-fusion
      2014
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    Authors: Aurore Richel; Jacques Hebert; Pierre-Louis Bombeck;

    Introduction. Dans un monde qui cherche à se défaire de sa dépendance à la pétrochimie, le concept de bioraffinage de la biomasse forestière est de plus en plus étudié. Dans une recherche de valorisation maximale des composants de cette biomasse, la transformation de fibres de cellulose en nanocellulose séduit de plus en plus l’industrie papetière par sa haute valeur ajoutée.Littérature. Le concept de bioraffinage forestier intégré vise l’adaptation des usines de pâte à papier en bioraffineries où un maximum de coproduits sont valorisés. Au départ de la cellulose contenue dans la pâte, deux types de nanocellulose peuvent être obtenus en déstructurant les fibres selon différents moyens. Comme elle génère des coproduits valorisables, l’hydrolyse enzymatique constitue un moyen de production de nanocellulose mais doit néanmoins être combinée à des traitements mécaniques. La production de nanocellulose au départ de pâte à papier chimique est une étape de fin de chaine qui peut même s’envisager sans modifier le fonctionnement des usines actuelles. La viabilité économique de cette production et la taille du marché potentiel sont l’objet d’études récentes qui s’avèrent encourageantes.Conclusions. La nanocellulose est un biomatériau d’avenir dont le domaine d’application ne cesse de grandir. La cellulose contenue dans la pâte à papier peut servir de matière première à la production de nanocellulose à l’aide de prétraitements enzymatiques générateurs de coproduits valorisables. Cette production peut s’intégrer dans une usine chimique classique de pâte et constituer ainsi un élargissement de la gamme de produits proposés par l’industrie papetière. Enzymatic hydrolysis to produce nanocellulose in an integrated forest biorefinery strategy. A reviewIntroduction. In a world that seeks to break free from petrochemicals, the concept of forest biomass biorefinery is increasingly being studied as a way to maximize the value of the components of this biomass. Due to the high added value expected when transforming cellulose fibers into nanocellulose, this technology is highly attractive to the pulp and paper industrial world.Literature. The concept of integrated forest biorefinery is to adapt existing pulp mills so as to maximize the value of the co-products. Through the use of various methods, two types of nanocellulose may be obtained from the cellulose in the pulp. Due to its production of valuable byproducts, enzymatic hydrolysis is an interesting method to use for this purpose, but it must be combined with mechanical post-treatments. The production of nanocellulose from chemical pulp takes place in the final step of pulp production, and could be implemented without modifying the existing mills. The economic viability of this mode of production and the potential market size are the subject of recent studies that appear encouraging.Conclusions. Nanocellulose is a promising biomaterial whose field of application continues to grow. Cellulose in wood pulp can be used as a raw material for the production of nanocellulose using enzymatic pre-treatments that generate valuable co-products. This process can be integrated into a conventional chemical pulp mill and constitutes a broadening of the products available to the pulp and paper industry.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Biotechnologie, Agro...arrow_drop_down
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    Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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      Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement
      Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Alain Dassargues;

    Traditionnellement, seule la géothermie profonde était envisagée. Actuellement, les différentes formes de géothermies peu profondes et de faible enthalpie sont plus accessibles car elles présentent moins de risques financiers et environnementaux. Leur multiplication, notamment pour couvrir les besoins énergétiques de (gros ou nombreux) bâtiments, permet à ces systèmes de participer pleinement à la transition énergétique en cours. Ces systèmes géothermiques peu profonds ne requièrent aucune anomalie du gradient géothermique local. Néanmoins, lorsque des pompages et réinjections sont envisagés dans des aquifères peu profonds, les conditions hydrogéologiques influencent fortement l’efficacité (rendement) et la durabilité des systèmes installés mais aussi leur éventuel impact sur la quantité et la qualité des ressources en eaux souterraines. Les différents types de systèmes géothermiques peu profonds sont brièvement présentés, puis l’accent est mis sur les systèmes par doublets en aquifère et sur les anciennes mines.

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