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This study analyzes the global water crisis and the pressing need for innovation in water treatment, conservation, and management practices. It introduces potentially transformative solutions involving the use of ChatGPT to address water-related challenges. The research underscores the potential of AI-Driven ChatGPT applications in enhancing water management schemes through real-time insights, optimization of resource usage, and predictive maintenance. The paper dilates upon the role of ChatGPT in improving water quality control, enriching decision-making systems, optimizing water usage, and promoting precision irrigation. It also discusses various scenarios where ChatGPT has been applied in this regard, such as in Klir Comply and its integration into Rammas. The study further discusses the significant water consumption and environmental implications of AI models like ChatGPT and suggests tangible solutions such as employing renewable energy sources and water recycling systems. Additionally, it delves into ethical and regulatory implications of integrating AI-Driven ChatGPT solutions in water management, covering aspects of data privacy, transparency, accountability, and conformity to international standards. It emphasizes the need for concerted efforts to construct a responsible AI governance model and highlights the importance of education and awareness regarding AI ethics and regulations.

The design of a calibrated resistive-network current divider for precision current delivery during transthoracic defibrillation shocks is presented together with test results. The current divider presents a constant 50-ohm load to the defibrillator and thus maintains a constant pulse shape. Current is selected before the shock by setting three rheostats using a computer-generated calibration table. Following each shock, the data acquisition and display software updates the calibration table based on the measured value of transthoracic resistance. Over a range of 15-27 A, the root-mean-square (rms) error for delivered versus selected current was 0.48% for a 45-ohm resistive load, and 0.71% for a 100-ohm load. These test results were confirmed by animal experiments. Over 3 dogs, the rms error was 0.49% from 15-27 A and not greater than 1.5% over the entire 8-44 A range.

Sustainable development is increasingly driving the trend toward the application of biomimicry as a strategy to generate environmentally friendly solutions in the design of industrial products. Nature-inspired design can contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals by improving efficiency and minimizing the environmental impact of each design. This research conducted an analysis of available biomimetic knowledge, highlighting the most applied tools and methodologies in each industrial sector. The primary objective was to identify sectors that have experienced greater adoption of biomimicry and those where its application is still in its early stages. Additionally, by applying the available procedures and tools to a selected case study (technologies in marine environments), the advantages and challenges of the methodologies and procedures were determined, along with potential gaps and future research directions necessary for widespread implementation of biomimetics in the industry. These results provide a comprehensive approach to biomimicry applied to more sustainable practices in product design and development.

In this paper, we introduce the Flux Coupling Finder (FCF) framework for elucidating the topological and flux connectivity features of genome-scale metabolic networks. The framework is demonstrated on genome-scale metabolic reconstructions of Helicobacter pylori, Escherichia coli, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The analysis allows one to determine whether any two metabolic fluxes, v1 and v2, are (1) directionally coupled, if a non-zero flux for v1 implies a non-zero flux for v2 but not necessarily the reverse; (2) partially coupled, if a non-zero flux for v1 implies a non-zero, though variable, flux for v2 and vice versa; or (3) fully coupled, if a non-zero flux for v1 implies not only a non-zero but also a fixed flux for v2 and vice versa. Flux coupling analysis also enables the global identification of blocked reactions, which are all reactions incapable of carrying flux under a certain condition; equivalent knockouts, defined as the set of all possible reactions whose deletion forces the flux through a particular reaction to zero; and sets of affected reactions denoting all reactions whose fluxes are forced to zero if a particular reaction is deleted. The FCF approach thus provides a novel and versatile tool for aiding metabolic reconstructions and guiding genetic manipulations.

The authors have investigated the validity of thermography in the study of ethyl alcohol induced hand blood flow changes in normal subjects before and after a standard meal. The superficial temperature changes of the hand of ten healthy subjects, 7 males and 3 females, 25-40 years old, were recorded in 4 conditions: a) on an empty stomach, b) after ingestion of a standard dose of ethyl alcohol (25 cc of whisky at 40%, corresponding to 10 g of alcohol), c) after a standard meal (1200 Kcal), d) after a standard meal and a standard dose of alcohol. Three male subjects were not drinkers. Arterial blood pressure and ECG were monitored during the different phases of the experiment. Results show a typical time course of the hand temperature in response to intake of alcohol, stronger in fasting non drinkers subjects. Our results confirm the valuable role of thermography in the study of alcohol-induced calorigenic effects.

Active medical implants play a crucial role in cardiovascular medicine. Their task is to monitor and treat patients with minimal side effects. Furthermore, they are expected to operate autonomously over a long period of time. However, the most common electrical implants, cardiac pacemakers—as all other electrical implants—run on an internal battery that needs to be replaced before its end of life. Typical pacemaker battery life cycles are in the range of 8–10 years1; however, they strongly depend on the device type and usage.

Fluid dynamics of Total Cavo-Pulmonary Connection (TCPC) were studied in 3-D models based on real dimensions obtained by Magnetic Resonance (MR) images. Models differ in terms of shape (intra- or extra-cardiac conduit) and cross section (with or without patch enlargement) of the inferior caval (IVC) anastomosis connection. Realistic pulsatile flows were submitted to both the venae cavae, while porous portions were added at the end of the pulmonary arteries to reproduce the pulmonary afterload. The dissipated power and the flow distribution into the lungs were calculated at different values of pulmonary arteriolar resistances (PAR). The most important results are: i) power dissipation in different TCPC designs is influenced by the actual cross sectional area of the IVC anastomosis and ii) the inclusion of a patch minimizes the dissipated power (range 4–13 mW vs. 14–56 mW). Results also show that the perfusion of the right lung is between 15% and 30% of the whole IVC blood flow when the PAR are evenly distributed between the right and the left lung.