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The aim of this work was to study along of different cycles the biomass adaptation process to total polyphenols (TPP) concentrations in an Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor (AnSBR) and to evaluate the degradation of TPP and COD in winery wastewater (WWW). A lab-scale AnSBR was operated at 30º C with intermittent stirring and was fed with WWW with a COD of 182.25 g/l and a TPP concentration of 489 mg/l. The AnSBR was operated in four cycles, after the first cycle the biomass adaptation was taken for granted since reductions in the TPP went from 56% in C1 to around 95% in the consecutive cycles. COD reduction reached the 95% to 99% for all the four cycles.

After natural disasters, displaced people (DP) require important numbers of housing units, which have to be erected quickly due to emergency pressures. These tight timeframes can cause the multiplication of the environmental construction impacts. These negative impacts worsen the already high energy consumption and pollution caused by the building sector. Indeed, post-disaster housing, which is often carried out without pre-planning, usually causes high negative environmental impacts, besides other economic and social impacts. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a suitable strategy to deal with this problem which also takes into account the instability of its causes, like changing ratio between rural and urban population. To this end, this study aims to present a model that assists decisionmakers to choose the most suitable building technology for postdisaster housing units. This model focuses on the alternatives sustainability and fulfillment of the stakeholders’ satisfactions. Four building technologies have been analyzed to determine the most sustainability technology and to validate the presented model. In 2003, Bam earthquake DP had their temporary housing units (THUs) built using these four technologies: autoclaved aerated concrete blocks (AAC), concrete masonry unit (CMU), pressed reeds panel (PR), and 3D sandwich panel (3D). The results of this analysis confirm that PR and CMU obtain the highest sustainability indexes. However, the second life scenario of THUs could have considerable impacts on the results. Peer Reviewed

When a system for thermal energy storage (TES) is designed, many factors must be considered: storage time, dimensions, material to store heat, etc. Usually, molten salts are selected as TES materials because of their great thermal properties at high temperatures. When the whole TES system is going to be built, the material to be used for containing the thermal storage material becomes an important issue. It must have proper mechanical properties, withstand high temperatures and, above all, resist corrosion due to storage material, being in most of the cases, highly corrosive molten salt mixtures. To determine the corrosion on a metal plate, ASTM Standard-G1-03 procedure is usually applied, in which the corroded metal sample is submitted to several cycles including: attack by a chemical solution, washing, cleaning, drying, and weighing. In order to minimise the handling of the sample, a new methodology (Dynamic Gravimetric Analysis, DGA) has been developed and used to determine the corrosion produced in carbon steel A516Gr70 samples induced by different salt mixtures commonly used as molten salts containing different amounts of chloride, at working temperatures conditions. The results show that the higher is the content of chloride in molten salts the greater is the steel loss produced by corrosion and makes the corrosive kinetics to be highly increased when it is overtaken. The research leading to these results has received funding from Spanish government (Cdti-Fondo tecnológico IDI-20090393, ConSOLida Cdti-CENIT 2008-1005). The work is partially funded by the Spanish government (ENE2011-22722). The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant agreement no PIRSES-GA-2013-610692 (INNOSTORAGE) and from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant agreement no 657466 (INPATH-TES). The authors would like to thank the Catalan Government for the quality accreditation given to the research group DIOPMA (2014 SGR 1543). Dr. Camila Barreneche would like to thank Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España for her Grant Juan de la Cierva FJCI-2014-22886.

This work addresses the techno-economic and environmental analysis of an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle power plant (IGCC) of 308 MWe of gross power, giving particular attention to co-gasification and co-production of electricity and H2. Products, sub-products and effluents distributions are estimated by means of an ad-hoc developed superstructure for conceptual design of syngas generation and treatment, delivering preliminary fiowsheets targeted to co-production. The resulting multi-objective optimization problem evaluates the trade-off between the cost of energy (COE), the total energy efficiency of the plant and the environmental impact evaluated through Impact 2002+ indicator. Sixteen scenarios are considered: 4 different feedstock's combined with 4 alteruative plant topologies; electricity generation from syngas, electricity generation from H2, and purified H2 production from fiue gas in a Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) unit in the Combined Cycle (CC). The case studies environmental boundary has been drawn from cradle to gateo The Pareto Frontiers (PF) for the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) trade-off evaluation reveals that the scenario with petcoke as feedstock and H2 production with PSA fiue gas profit is the best one in terms of eHíciency maximization and COE minimization. Scenario with residual biomass without PSA fiue gas profit is the best in terms of environmental impact.

Multi-Criteria Decision Aid (MCDA) methods include various collections of mathematical techniques related to decision support systems in non-deterministic environments to support such applications as facility management, disaster management and urban planning. This paper applies MCDA approaches based on qualitative reasoning techniques with linguistic labels assessment. The aim of this method is ranking multi-attribute alternatives in group decision-making with qualitative labels. Finally this method is applied to a case of urban planning in selection of the less energy consumption project in a geographical area in Catalonia. Keywords: Multi-Criteria Decision Aid, qualitative labels, energy BDC. Bollettino Del Centro Calza Bini, Vol 14, N° 2 (2014): Towards an Inclusive, Safe, Resilient and Sustainable City: Approaches and Tools

This paper identifies the key sectors in greenhouse gas emissions of the Uruguayan economy through input-output analysis. This allows to precisely determine the role played by the different productive sectors and their relationship with other sectors in the relation between the Uruguayan productive structure and atmospheric pollution. In order to guide policy design for GHG reduction, we decompose sectors liability between the pollution generated through their own production processes and the pollution indirectly generated in the production processes of other sectors. The results show that all the key polluting sectors for the different contaminants considered are relevant because of their own emissions, except for the sector Motor vehicles and oil retail trade, which is relevant in CO2 emissions because of its pure, both backward and forward, linkages. Finally, the best policy channels for controlling and reducing GHGs emissions are identified, and compared with the National Climate Change Response Plan (NCCRP) lines of action.