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Les dimensions géostratégiques, économiques et les impacts écologiques ont une importance croissante dans l’élaboration du nouvel ordre énergétique mondial impliquant une redéfinition des besoins et des modes de production et de consommation et par conséquent, une redéfinition de la carte du paysage énergétique actuel en modifiant la répartition géographique des disponibilités énergétiques. Par conséquent, les dynamiques économiques qui en découlent modifient les rapports de force à l’échelle mondiale et affectent également les recompositions politiques à l’intérieur des États comme à l’échelle des espaces régionaux. Ainsi, le passage d’un système s’appuyant sur l’usage massif des énergies fossiles génératrices de pollution à un autre faisant recours à l’utilisation des énergies renouvelables, et plus particulièrement, l’énergie solaire, plus respectueuses de l’environnement, pourrait constituer un partenariat économique, social et environnemental très solide pour approcher les deux rives de la méditerranée sur un thème singulièrement d’actualité.Pour mettre en évidence cette nouvelle configuration, la Tunisie servira d’exemple à notre réflexion en la matière qui nous permettra de rendre manifeste ce nouveau partenariat énergétique qui se réalisera conjointement selon deux échelles : locale et régionale. The geostrategic dimensions, economic and ecological impacts have a growing importance in the development of the new order of global energy involving a redefinition of the needs and modes of production and consumption and therefore, a redefinition of the map of the energy landscape in current amending the geographical distribution of energy supply. Therefore, the dynamic economic resulting there from shall amend the reports of force on a global scale and also affect the redials policies to the inside of the States as to the scale of the regional spaces. As well, the passage of a system based on the massive use of fossil energy generators of pollution to another making recourse to the use of renewable energies, and more particularly, solar energy, more respectful of the environment, could constitute an economic partnership, social, and environmental very solid for approaching the two shores of the Mediterranean on a singularly topical subject.To highlight this new configuration, Tunisia will serve as an example to our thinking on the matter which will allow us to make manifest this new energy partnership that will be realized jointly according to two scales: local and regional.

The risk of accident for a parisian pedestrian is of reduced frequency and of moderate severity (terrorism and natural disasters not included) according to the statistics of 1999. This is due to security measures and the excellent organisation of assistance to wounded persons. The improvement in protection of pedestrians, even the disabled and elderly persons will soon make Paris the best protected megalopolis of our continent. Pedestrians are involved in 28% of accidents on public streets with a mortality of 1.2%, with serious injuries in 12.6% of the cases. Injuries without collision occur in 57% of the cases. 18% of the wounded older than 75 years with 1.8% of deaths and 66% of severe injury. Accidents related to public transportation represent a very slight risk of 0.00044%. By modification of the concept of transportation and its materials over a five year period there is a decrease in the number of the victims (-3.75%), in spite of the increase of accidents (3.5%). For lone pedestrian being victims of aggression in public places, after a decrease of 10% in 1999, there is in 2001 an increase which raises the question of police proximity again. Over a five year period the RATP (subway authority) has noticed a 14.77% decrease of thefts and a 54.78% decrease in attacks... This makes the Parisian railnet (subway mostly) seven times less dangerous than the streets.

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

In developed countries, the increase in the population’s income was followed by growing awareness of a healthier environment, which led to a reinforcement of the standards and an improvement of the quality of the environment. The same conclusion was made by Kuznets (1955) who founds that income inequality tends to increase when a country emerges from poverty, stabilizes at an average income level, and then gradually decreases. In order to highlight possible links of interdependence between social and ecological inequalities, based on the theoretical contribution of Kuznets environmental curve, we will conduct a critical analysis of the validity of this hypothesis. Finance & Finance Internationale, No 16 (2019)

The objective of this article is therefore to analyze the link between economic growth and environmental degradation in the case of 14 countries of sub-Saharan Africa. From WDI data over the period from 1970 to 2018, we estimated the Environmental Kuznets curve (CKE) in panel by the within estimator, based on the one-way fixed effect method. The results indicate that the CKE is not validated, but that there is a linear and positive relationship between economic growth and pollution.As a measure of robustness, we proceed to another estimation of our model using the Two-Way fixed effects method. The results confirm once again the non-validation of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) for our panel, and confirm the existence of a linear and positive relationshipbetween economic growth and pollution.We have announced to these countries to set up public policies aimed at industrialization and environmental protection. Journal d’Economie, de Management, d’Environnement et de Droit, Vol. 4, No 1 (2021)