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The design of support structures of offshore wind turbines contains high number of design variables that influence load characteristics and structural responses. These variables are stochastic and cause many uncertainties. Some of them are examined in this study. It is investigated how scattering of site conditions and load parameters affect the structural response. It is exemplified in terms of stresses that contribute to the accumulated fatigue damage within a monopile substructure. Random sampling of combinations of site conditions and load parameters is performed in order to classify the effects of parameter scattering on the stress variability by means of Sobol’ indices. Analysis shows that the highest influence on stress outputs have the variations in the load parameters. The reason is the sensitivity of the structural dynamical response to the wave height increase and decrease of distance between the wave peak frequency and the structural eigenfrequencies. © 2017 ISOPE

Dies ist das dritte Webinar in der „CLARITY für die Klimaresilienz“ (Clarity4CR) Webinarreihe und das erste in deutscher Sprache. Es präsentiert die CLARITY-Methodik zur Klimawandel-Risikobewertung, Impakt-Analyse, und Anpassungsplanung, stellt den "Advanced Urban Screening" Service vor und erläutert die Ergebnisse der CLARITY-Expertenstudie in Linz. This webinar is part of the CLARITY4ClimateResilience series. Other webinars from this series are available at https://www.gotostage.com/channel/climate-adaptation

Während in Asien und den USA der asiatische und insbesondere der chinesische Energiehunger bereits Mitte der 1990er Jahre auf der politischen Tagesordnung der Regierungen sowie vieler Diskussionen und Konferenzen war, blieb die Problematik in Europa fast unbeachtet. Im Glauben an die Allheilkräfte eines sich selbst regulierenden globalen Marktes von Angebot und Nachfrage galt die Analyse der asiatischen Energiemärkte und der chinesischen Energiepolitik als weitgehend entbehrlich. Darüber hinaus wurden mögliche Auswirkungen auf die Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik, das regionale Krisen- und Konfliktmanagement oder die globale Ordnungspolitik fast völlig ignoriert. So ist die Tatsache der rapide steigenden Energienachfrage aus China, Indien und anderen asiatischen Staaten sowie ihre globalen Auswirkungen in Deutschland bis Mitte 2004 kaum zur Kenntnis genommen worden. China aktuell, China aktuell - 1/2007

In 2011 the German Advisory Council for Global Change (WBGU) published a remarkable policy document entitled ‘World in Transition: A Social Contract for Sustainability’ in which the authors proclaim the need for a great social transformation at the global scale in order to address climate change. This article builds on and critically discusses the central messages of the report that emphasizes the necessity to pro-actively shape the change of our values and worldviews that underpin our lifestyles and consumption patterns. By arguing for a transdisciplinary approach to implement this challenging vision the report identifies urbanization as a significant dimension in these processes thus shifting away from the dominant focus on socio-technical solutions. This puts the field of urban planning and development and related disciplines at the centre of the climate change adaptation and mitigation debate raising profound questions as to how these professionals, academics and practitioners could respond to the ideas brought forward in the report. The author considers this an opportunity for hitherto largely neglected integral approaches to gain more importance in mainstream urban planning practice and theory. The concluding part sketches out an initial research programme based on the previous discussion in order to illustrate at a more concrete level the implications of an integrative, transdisciplinary framework for planning.

There is an urgent need to mitigate global greenhouse gas emissions. Because climate change is caused by actions regardless of where they take place on earth, it is generally considered that effective action must take place on a global scale. So far, multilateral attempts to coordinate action on a global level have failed to implement measures that are expected to prevent dangerous climate change, and unilat- eral measures are now being considered as an alternative way of achieving emissions reductions out- side of this context. In light of this, some advocate the use of Border Carbon Adjustments to address the various problems that arise when carbon mitigation policies are implemented on a unilateral basis. There are several arguments for or against the use of Border Carbon Adjustments, and most of these are addressed in the economic, legal, and policy literature. Little has been said on the implications of Border Carbon Adjustments for justice. The aim of this paper is to evaluate Border Carbon Adjust- ments as a policy tool for the mitigation of climate change. This paper argues that, whilst Border Car- bon Adjustments may be an effective way of achieving unilateral emission reductions, they face problems as far as global distributive justice is concerned and they can easily be perceived as an unac- ceptable shift towards a hostile and aggressive form of multilateral diplomacy. For this reason, Border Carbon Adjustments should be viewed with great caution and, if used at all, careful attention should be paid to designing their implementation in accordance with principles of justice.

Human beings have used geothermal sources since ancient times and are still using. Afyonkarahisar is one of the cities in which thermal sources are increasingly used in tourism. The aim of this study is to present the importance of geothermal sources in terms of tourism and their sustainable usage, and these sources constitute the most attractive part of Afyonkarahisar’ tourism. Investments on tourism in this city as increased recently as well as unplanned urbanization and environmental problems due to the uncontrolled and excessive usage of thermal water. Unproductive and inefficient usage of thermal water jeopardizes the sustainability of sources. Necessary precautions should be taken such as the protection of thermal waters, drilling and distributing it from one single place and preventing illegal drills, since the future of tourism in the city depends on geothermal sources.