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The liquid fuels production from biomass is one of the most efficient ways to energetic conversion, beyond the energy concentration, there are still economic and operational advantages due to transport and storage conditions. So, fast pyrolysis is the purpose of several researches all over the world for the production of bio-oils that can enrich the energetic supply. However, bio-oil has heterogeneous properties due to the biomass characteristics and to the operational conditions of the pyrolysis process. The present review aims to evaluate the state of art of the bio-oil production, their properties and their principal energetic ways of utilization. (Résumé d'auteur)

THERMAL PROFILES IN URBAN CANYONS MEASURED WITH CAPTIVE BALLOONS IN THE LISBON DISTRICT OF TELHEIRAS – Captive balloons filled with standard helium and tinytalks (small low price thermal sensors/data loggers) are an effective way to probe the urban atmosphere for microclimatological purposes. This method can be important to establish the transferability of results to other areas with the same urban morphology and can be also an incentive to incorporateurban climate knowledge in urban planning. The first results in an urban canyon in the north of Lisbon are presented.

Industrial combustion monitors presently available at the Brazilian market are relatively expensive and their prices vary from R$ 5.000,00 to R$ 50.000,00, not mentioning the cost of the necessary periodical maintenance. The proposal of this study is to present a combustion monitor which is simple, of low cost, with no need of periodical maintenance and based on the Lambda sensor, a part of the modern automobile’s engine. A combustion chamber was mounted with the installation of a Lambda sensor, measurements of the oxygen percentage at the flue gases were made and when compared to a standard monitor, a maximum deviation of 10% was found.

This work deals with the main parameters of two types of aerodynamic flame holders, presently employed in industrial plants: swirler of axial and radial types. In the aerodynamics of combustion one of the fundamental problems is the holding and anchoring of flame. The increase in the efficiency of combustion points that the flames must be turbulent and the more the turbulence the better the efficiency since the turbulence promotes a better mixture of oxydizer and fuel. However on the other hand the increase at the level of turbulence of a flame might cause its lifting due to the excessive velocity and eventually its blow out of the burner causing consequently its extintion. In order to avoid this kind of undesirable phenomenon it is a common practice to use bluff bodies as flame holding devices which usually are conical or circular disk and frequently have holes and slots in its surface permitting by this way the direct flow of air for preventing overheating and the formation of scars on the front surface. By this way, in order to avoid overheating and surface scars and also due to the fact that the admission of air close to the base of the flame contributes to the increase in the efficiency of the combustion. All this aspects led to the development of aerodynamic flame anchoring device of vortical type (swirlers). These devices are usually employed in the design of modern burners.