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This article addresses the problem that fluctuations in the torque of an internal combustion engine (ICE) lead to additional energy losses, as it causes fluctuations in the speed and kinetic energy of the car. These losses increase as the frequency of oscillations of the torque of the internal combustion engine approaches the frequency of free (natural oscillations) of the running gear of the car in the longitudinal direction. If there is an elastic connection between the traction force and the movement of the car, the movement of the latter can be represented as complex. At the same time, the portable movement is uniform, and the relative movement is oscillatory. This article presents the results of the study of these losses for cars with mechanical and combined electromechanical drive wheels. Analytical expressions are obtained, which allows to take into account additional energy losses including the tangential rigidity of the tire and the rigidity of the suspension in the longitudinal direction. When using a combined electromechanical drive of the drive wheels as well as in the case of a mechanical transmission of a car, the resonance is dangerous. But with the increase in the share of torque kem on the wheel generated by the electric motor, the relative additional energy losses for the movement of the car are reduced.

This paper presents a research work carried out under the umbrella of the CASCADE project, which is a European FP7 research project which is developing facility-specific measurement-based energy action plans for the airport energy managers that are underpinned by Fault Detection Diagnosis (FDD). The paper first describes the context of the project then it focuses on Building Management Systems describing the current status of the technology and presenting an outlook on their future development. Then a Strengths Weakness Opportunity and Treads (SWOT) framework is defined with the aim of verifying the suitability of an installed BMS system to incorporate Fault Detection and Diagnosis (FDD) tools

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Purnawati, \"Occupational health and safety-ergonomics improvement\nas a corporate responsibility of a Bali handicraft company: a case study,\"\nJournal of human ergology, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 75-80, Dec. 2007.\n[26] M. Healy and J. Iles, \"The Establishment and Enforcement of Codes,\"\nJournal of Business Ethics, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 117-124, 2002.\n[27] S. Barrientos and S. Smith, \"Do workers benefit from ethical trade?\nAssessing codes of labour practice in global production systems,\" Third\nWorld Quarterly, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 713-729, Jun. 2007.\n[28] S. Sarkar, \"Industrial Social Work to Corporate Social Responsibility: A\nTransformation of Priority,\" Journal of Human Values, vol. 14, no. 1,\npp. 31-48, Apr. 2008.\n[29] \u251c\u00eb. B\u00e9thoux, C. Didry, and A. Mias, \"What Codes of Conduct Tell Us:\ncorporate social responsibility and the nature of the multinational\ncorporation,\" Corporate Governance: An International Review, vol. 15,\nno. 1, pp. 77-90, Jan. 2007.\n[30] M. Holmqvist, \"Corporate social responsibility as corporate social\ncontrol: The case of work-site health promotion,\" Scandinavian Journal\nof Management, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 68-72, Mar. 2009.\n[31] R. K. Yin, Case Study Research. Design and Methods, Sage. USA:\nThousands Oaks, 1994.\n[32] C. Voss, N. Tsikriktsis, and M. Frohlich, \"Case research in operations\nmanagement,\" International Journal of Operations & Production\nManagement, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 195-219, 2002.\n[33] L. Bardin, An\u251c\u00edlise de conte\u251c\u2551do. Lisboa: Edi\u251c\u00ba\u251c\u00c1es 70, 1977.\n[34] A. B. Carroll, \"Corporate Social Responsibility: Evolution of a\nDefinitional Construct,\" Business & Society, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 268-295,\nSep. 1999.\n[35] I. Iida, Ergonomia: Projeto e Produ\u00e7\u00e3o. S\u00e3o Paulo: Edgard Bl\u00fccher,\n1990.\n[36] H. W. Hendrick, \"Applying ergonomics to systems: some documented\n\u00d4\u00c7\u00fflessons learned-,\" Applied ergonomics, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 418-426, Jul.\n2008.\n[37] J. Dul and W. P. Neumann, \"Ergonomics contributions to company\nstrategies,\" Applied ergonomics, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 745-752, Jul. 2009."]} The growing importance of sustainability in corporate policies represents a great opportunity for workers to gain more consideration, with great benefits to their well being. Sustainable work is believed to be one which improves the organization-s performance and fosters professional development as well as workers- health. In a multiple case study based on document research, information was sought about work activities and their sustainability or corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies, as disseminated by corporations. All the companies devoted attention to work activities and delivered a good amount of information about them. Nevertheless, the information presented was generic; all the actions developed were top-down and there was no information about the impact of changes aimed at sustainability on the workers- activities. It was found that the companies seemed to be at an early stage. In the future, they need to show more commitment through concrete goals: they must be aware that workers contribute directly to the corporations- sustainability. This would allow room for Ergonomics and Work Psychodynamics to be incorporated and to be useful for both companies and society, so as to promote and ensure work sustainability.

The 21st century is largely determined by the current phenomenon of globalization. It is gaining more powerful valences, has caused environmental issues that require a global sustainable solution. Limited natural resources, rapid deterioration of air, water, and soil quality, global warming, deterioration of the ozone layer, glacier melting, the loss of biodiversity - are just some of them. Looking beyond the current „take-makewaste” model, humanity continues to consume more resources and contribute more to environmental degradation. The linear economy, which relies exclusively on resource extraction, is no longer a viable option. Circular economic model is the solution to do things differently, in a sustainable manner. It is an economic system aimed at eliminating waste and ensure continual use of resources through repairing, refurbishing, recycling and reusing existing materials and products. This paper aims at improving the understanding of the circular economy concept based on an extensive literature review, as well as its various dimensions, concepts and principles.

Since consumers' perspective regarding Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities can be different from that of the companies, we thus empirically test consumers' evaluations of different CSR activities and their relative importance through consumer loyalty towards a company. In particular, the study focused on companies’ CSR activities in energy facility development (geothermal energy) to carry out a questionnaire survey among around 1500 consumers located in BRICS capital cities – i.e. Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa. By adopting the rologit model, the study highlighted that CSR activities considering the impact of companies’ operations on local communities had the highest relative importance for consumers. Companies can also gain strategic advantages when performing CSR activities that avoid impacts on the environment and ensure reliable communications. This study contributes to the literature on CSR-consumer binomial by taking the perspective of consumers in evaluating different areas of responsibility of CSR and related activities.

{"references": ["Environment Protection Organization (2006).Newsletter of Tehran air\npollution reduction, 1.", "Zanjani, H. (1989). Tehran population and its future. Ecology,15.", "Alavinasab, M. S. (2004). A puzzle on recycling values. Environment\nProtection Organization, Tehran.", "Mousavi, S. (2002). An opportunity to participate, Journal of\nMunicipalities, 40.", "Hardoy, J.E., D. Mitlin, and D. Satterthwaite, 2001: Environmental\nProblems inan Urbanizing World,Earthscan, London.", "Houshyar, Hassan, (2010). Urban hierarchy of West Azerbaijan\nprovince. Journal of Geography and Planning. University of Tabriz. No.\n38.", "Montgomery, M.R., R. Stren, B. Cohen, and H. Reed (eds.), 2003: Cities\nTransformed: Demographic Change and Its Implications in the\nDeveloping World. The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C.,\n529 pp.", "Mukamo,S. (1996) On sustainable urban development in sab Saharan\nAfrica cities,13(40)", "Mourchid , Younes (2001) Sustainable development, science letters,\nvol.3,No. 3\n[10] Nguyen, H., Chalin, C. G., Lam, T. M. &Maclaren, V. W. (2003).\nHealth and social needs of waste pickers in Vietnam. Research paper.\nCanadian International Development Agency (CIDA) WASTE-ECON\nProgrammed South East Asia.\n[11] Oktay, D. (2012). Human Sustainable Urbanism: In Pursuit of\nEcological and Social-Cultural Sustainability. Procedia-Social and\nBehavioral Sciences, 36, 16-27.\n[12] Shen, L., Kyllo, J. M., &Guo, X. (2013). An Integrated Model Based on\na Hierarchical Indices System for Monitoring and Evaluating Urban\nSustainability. Sustainability, 5(2), 524-559.\n[13] Goudie AS. The human impact on the natural environment: past,\npresent, and future; 2009 (Wiley.com).\n[14] ReesWE. Ecological footprints and appropriated carrying capacity: what\nurban economics leaves out, Environ Urban 1992; 4:121\u201330."]} Today, systems of management and urban planning, attempt to reach more sustainable development through monitoring developments, urban development and development plans. Monitoring of changes in the urban places and sustainable urban development accounted a base for the realization of worthy goals urban sustainable development. The importance of women in environmental protection programs is high enough that in 21 agenda has been requested from all countries to allocate more shares to women in their policies. On the other hand, urban waste landfill has become one of the environmental concerns in modern cities. This research assumes that the impact of women on recycling, reduction and proper waste landfill is much more than men. For this reason, three districts; Yousef Abad, Heshmatieh & Nezam Abad are gauged through questionnaire and using the analytical research hypothesis model. This research will be categorized as functional research. The results have shown that noticing the power of women, their participation towards realization of the development objectives and programs can be used in solving their problems.

Le climat de la planète Terre change principalement en raison de la concentration croissante des émissions anthropiques de gaz à effet de serre dans l'atmosphère. Le changement climatique provoque des effets indésirables, notamment le réchauffement climatique, l'élévation du niveau de la mer, la fréquence d'événements extrêmes tels que des sécheresses et des inondations, etc., sur les systèmes couplés homme-environnement. Ce document de synthèse met l'accent sur l'atténuation du changement climatique dans les secteurs de l'agriculture et de la foresterie, qui sont les deux plus grands émetteurs (sources) ainsi que les puits de gaz à effet de serre. La contribution de l'Éthiopie aux émissions mondiales est insignifiante. En 2010, les émissions globales de l'Éthiopie étaient estimées à 150 MtCO 2 e, ce qui devrait plus que doubler, 400 MtCO 2 e d'ici 2030 dans un scénario de statu quo. L'Éthiopie avait l'intention de limiter les émissions de gaz à effet de serre à 145 MtCO 2 e d'ici 2030. Les secteurs de l'agriculture et de la sylviculture sont les deux plus grands émetteurs de gaz à effet de serre, tandis que le méthane, le dioxyde de carbone et l'oxyde nitreux sont les principaux gaz à effet de serre émis dans le pays. Le pays a conçu et mis en œuvre plusieurs politiques, programmes et stratégies respectueux du climat, notamment une économie verte résiliente au climat, des mesures d'atténuation appropriées au niveau national, la réduction des émissions dues à la déforestation et à la dégradation des forêts et une contribution prévue déterminée au niveau national afin de suivre des voies de développement vertes et de contribuer ainsi à la protection du climat mondial. Mots-clés : gaz à effet de serre, changement climatique, atténuation, source, puits. [Traduit par la Rédaction] El clima del planeta tierra está cambiando principalmente como resultado de la creciente concentración de emisiones antropogénicas de gases de efecto invernadero en la atmósfera. El cambio climático causa efectos no deseados, como el calentamiento global, el aumento del nivel del mar, la frecuencia de eventos extremos como sequías e inundaciones, etc., en los sistemas humanos y ambientales acoplados. Este documento de revisión hace hincapié en la mitigación del cambio climático en los sectores agrícola y forestal, que son los dos mayores emisores (fuentes) y sumideros de gases de efecto invernadero. La contribución de Etiopía a las emisiones globales es insignificante. Para 2010, las emisiones totales de Etiopía se estimaron en 150 MtCO 2 e, lo que se prevé que sea más del doble, 400 MtCO 2 e para 2030 en un escenario habitual. Etiopía tenía la intención de limitar las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero a 145 MtCO 2 e para 2030. Los sectores agrícola y forestal son los dos mayores emisores de gases de efecto invernadero, mientras que el metano, el dióxido de carbono y el óxido nitroso son los principales gases de efecto invernadero emitidos en el país. El país ha diseñado e implementado varias políticas, programas y estrategias amigables con el clima, incluida la Economía Verde Resiliente al Clima, las Acciones de Mitigación Apropiadas a Nivel Nacional, la Reducción de Emisiones por Deforestación y Degradación Forestal y la Contribución Prevista Determinada a Nivel Nacional para seguir caminos de desarrollo verde y, por lo tanto, contribuir a la protección del clima global. Palabras clave: Gases de efecto invernadero, Cambio climático, Mitigación, Fuente, Fregadero. The climate of the planet earth is changing mainly as a result of the increasing concentration of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Climate change causes undesired effects including global warming, sea level rise, occurrence of frequency of extreme events such as droughts and floods, and so on to coupled human-environment systems. This review paper emphasizes on climate change mitigation in agriculture and forestry sectors, which are the two biggest emitters (sources) as well as sinks of greenhouse gases. Ethiopia's contribution to global emission is insignificant. By 2010, Ethiopia's overall emissions were estimated to 150 MtCO 2 e which is projected to be more than double, 400 MtCO 2 e by 2030 under a business-as-usual scenario. Ethiopia intended to limit greenhouse gas emissions to 145 MtCO 2 e by 2030. Agriculture and forestry sectors are the two biggest emitters of greenhouse gases while methane, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide are the major greenhouse gases emitted in the country. The country has designed and implementing several climate friendly policies, programs and strategies including Climate Resilient Green Economy, Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions, Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation and Intended Nationally Determined Contribution in order to follow green development paths and hence contribute to the global climate protection. Keywords: Greenhouse gas, Climate change, Mitigation, Source, Sink. يتغير مناخ كوكب الأرض بشكل رئيسي نتيجة للتركيز المتزايد للانبعاثات البشرية المنشأ لغازات الدفيئة في الغلاف الجوي. يتسبب تغير المناخ في آثار غير مرغوب فيها بما في ذلك الاحترار العالمي، وارتفاع مستوى سطح البحر، وحدوث تواتر الأحداث المتطرفة مثل الجفاف والفيضانات، وما إلى ذلك إلى النظم البشرية والبيئية المقترنة. تركز ورقة المراجعة هذه على التخفيف من آثار تغير المناخ في قطاعي الزراعة والغابات، وهما أكبر مصدرين للانبعاثات (المصادر) وكذلك بالوعات غازات الدفيئة. مساهمة إثيوبيا في الانبعاثات العالمية ضئيلة. بحلول عام 2010، قُدرت الانبعاثات الإجمالية لإثيوبيا بـ 150 مليون طن من ثاني أكسيد الكربون، والتي من المتوقع أن تكون أكثر من الضعف، 400 مليون طن من ثاني أكسيد الكربون بحلول عام 2030 في إطار سيناريو العمل كالمعتاد. تعتزم إثيوبيا الحد من انبعاثات غازات الدفيئة إلى 145 مليون طن من ثاني أكسيد الكربون بحلول عام 2030. يعتبر قطاعا الزراعة والغابات أكبر مصدرين لانبعاثات غازات الدفيئة في حين أن الميثان وثاني أكسيد الكربون وأكسيد النيتروز هي غازات الدفيئة الرئيسية المنبعثة في البلاد. قامت الدولة بتصميم وتنفيذ العديد من السياسات والبرامج والاستراتيجيات الصديقة للمناخ بما في ذلك الاقتصاد الأخضر القادر على التكيف مع المناخ، وإجراءات التخفيف المناسبة وطنياً، والحد من الانبعاثات الناجمة عن إزالة الغابات وتدهور الغابات والمساهمة المقصودة المحددة وطنياً من أجل اتباع مسارات التنمية الخضراء وبالتالي المساهمة في حماية المناخ العالمي. الكلمات المفتاحية: غازات الدفيئة، تغير المناخ، التخفيف، المصدر، الحوض.

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Gonz\u00e1lez, \"Assessing Feasibility of Electric Buses in Small and Medium-Sized Communities,\" International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 431\u2013448, Nov. 2013."]} From a theoretical perspective, electric buses can be more sustainable and can be cheaper than fossil fuelled buses in city traffic. The authors have not found other studies based on actual urban public transport in Swedish winter climate. Further on, noise measurements from buses for the European market were found old. The aims of this follow-up study was therefore to test and possibly verify in a real-life environment how energy efficient and silent electric buses are, and then conclude on if electric buses are preferable to use in public transport. The Ebusco 2.0 electric bus, fitted with a 311 kWh battery pack, was used and the tests were carried out during November 2014-April 2015 in eight municipalities in the south of Sweden. Six tests took place in urban traffic and two took place in more of a rural traffic setting. The energy use for propulsion was measured via logging of the internal system in the bus and via an external charging meter. The average energy use turned out to be 8% less (0,96 kWh/km) than assumed in the earlier theoretical study. This rate allows for a 320 km range in public urban traffic. The interior of the bus was kept warm by a diesel heater (biodiesel will probably be used in a future operational traffic situation), which used 0,67 kWh/km in January. This verified that electric buses can be up to 25% cheaper when used in public transport in cities for about eight years. The noise was found to be lower, primarily during acceleration, than for buses with combustion engines in urban bus traffic. According to our surveys, most passengers and drivers appreciated the silent and comfortable ride and preferred electric buses rather than combustion engine buses. Bus operators and passenger transport executives were also positive to start using electric buses for public transport. The operators did however point out that procurement processes need to account for eventual risks regarding this new technology, along with personnel education. The study revealed that it is possible to establish a charging infrastructure for almost all studied bus lines. However, design of a charging infrastructure for each municipality requires further investigations, including electric grid capacity analysis, smart location of charging points, and tailored schedules to allow fast charging. In conclusion, electric buses proved to be a preferable alternative for all stakeholders involved in public bus transport in the studied municipalities. However, in order to electric buses to be a prominent support for sustainable development, they need to be charged either by stand-alone units or via an expansion of the electric grid, and the electricity should be made from new renewable sources.