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    Informații privind localizarea și suprafața sistemelor fotovoltaice în ceea ce privește energia electrică instalată, consumul de energie electrică și rata de acoperire relativă, precum și informațiile privind instalațiile termice solare din diferite referințe ale camerelor.Informațiile privind localizarea sistemelor termice solare sunt limitate în ceea ce privește vizibilitatea din motive de protecție a datelor (vizibile numai de la scara 1:15.000). În plus, este indicat potențialul suprafeței acoperișului pentru fotovoltaice (PV) și pentru energia termică solară (ST) (vizibil numai într-un interval de scară de la 1:500 la 1:20.000). Informații privind localizarea și suprafața sistemelor fotovoltaice în ceea ce privește energia electrică instalată, consumul de energie electrică și rata de acoperire relativă, precum și informațiile privind instalațiile termice solare din diferite referințe ale camerelor.Informațiile privind localizarea sistemelor termice solare sunt limitate în ceea ce privește vizibilitatea din motive de protecție a datelor (vizibile numai de la scara 1:15.000). În plus, este indicat potențialul suprafeței acoperișului pentru fotovoltaice (PV) și pentru energia termică solară (ST) (vizibil numai într-un interval de scară de la 1:500 la 1:20.000). Informações relativas à localização e à área dos sistemas fotovoltaicos em relação à potência instalada, à entrada de eletricidade e à taxa de cobertura relativa, bem como informações sobre instalações solares térmicas em diferentes referências de salas. As informações relativas à localização dos sistemas solares térmicos são limitadas em termos de visibilidade por razões de proteção de dados (só visíveis a partir da escala de 1:15.000). Além disso, indica-se o potencial da área do telhado para fotovoltaica (PV) e solar térmica (ST) (apenas visível numa escala de 1:500 a 1:20.000). Informações relativas à localização e à área dos sistemas fotovoltaicos em relação à potência instalada, à entrada de eletricidade e à taxa de cobertura relativa, bem como informações sobre instalações solares térmicas em diferentes referências de salas. As informações relativas à localização dos sistemas solares térmicos são limitadas em termos de visibilidade por razões de proteção de dados (só visíveis a partir da escala de 1:15.000). Além disso, indica-se o potencial da área do telhado para fotovoltaica (PV) e solar térmica (ST) (apenas visível numa escala de 1:500 a 1:20.000). Informazioni relative all'ubicazione e all'area degli impianti fotovoltaici in relazione all'energia installata, all'immissione di energia elettrica e al tasso di copertura relativa, nonché informazioni sugli impianti solari termici in diversi riferimenti.Le informazioni relative alla localizzazione degli impianti solari termici sono limitate in visibilità per motivi di protezione dei dati (visibili solo da 1:15.000). Inoltre, l'area del tetto potenziale per il fotovoltaico (PV) e solare termico (ST) è indicato (visibile solo in un intervallo di scala da 1:500 a 1:20.000). Informazioni relative all'ubicazione e all'area degli impianti fotovoltaici in relazione all'energia installata, all'immissione di energia elettrica e al tasso di copertura relativa, nonché informazioni sugli impianti solari termici in diversi riferimenti.Le informazioni relative alla localizzazione degli impianti solari termici sono limitate in visibilità per motivi di protezione dei dati (visibili solo da 1:15.000). Inoltre, l'area del tetto potenziale per il fotovoltaico (PV) e solare termico (ST) è indicato (visibile solo in un intervallo di scala da 1:500 a 1:20.000). Информация за местоположението и площта на фотоволтаичните системи във връзка с инсталираната електроенергия, входящата електроенергия и относителната степен на покритие, както и информация за слънчевите топлинни инсталации в различни помещения. Информацията, свързана с местоположението на слънчевите топлинни системи, е ограничена по отношение на видимостта от съображения за защита на данните (видима само от 1:15 000 мащаба). Освен това е посочен потенциалът на покривната площ за фотоволтаици (PV) и слънчева топлинна енергия (ST) (видим само в мащаб от 1:500 до 1:20,000). Информация за местоположението и площта на фотоволтаичните системи във връзка с инсталираната електроенергия, входящата електроенергия и относителната степен на покритие, както и информация за слънчевите топлинни инсталации в различни помещения. Информацията, свързана с местоположението на слънчевите топлинни системи, е ограничена по отношение на видимостта от съображения за защита на данните (видима само от 1:15 000 мащаба). Освен това е посочен потенциалът на покривната площ за фотоволтаици (PV) и слънчева топлинна енергия (ST) (видим само в мащаб от 1:500 до 1:20,000). Informace o poloze a oblasti týkající se fotovoltaických systémů ve vztahu k instalovanému výkonu, příkonu elektřiny a relativní míře pokrytí, jakož i informace o solárních tepelných zařízeních v různých pokojových referencích.Informace o poloze o solárních tepelných systémech jsou z důvodů ochrany údajů omezené (z důvodu ochrany údajů jsou viditelné pouze v měřítku 1:15 000). Kromě toho je indikován potenciál střešní plochy pro fotovoltaiku (PV) a solární termální (ST) (viditelná pouze v měřítku od 1:500 do 1: 20 000). Informace o poloze a oblasti týkající se fotovoltaických systémů ve vztahu k instalovanému výkonu, příkonu elektřiny a relativní míře pokrytí, jakož i informace o solárních tepelných zařízeních v různých pokojových referencích.Informace o poloze o solárních tepelných systémech jsou z důvodů ochrany údajů omezené (z důvodu ochrany údajů jsou viditelné pouze v měřítku 1:15 000). Kromě toho je indikován potenciál střešní plochy pro fotovoltaiku (PV) a solární termální (ST) (viditelná pouze v měřítku od 1:500 do 1: 20 000). Lokaliserings- og områderelaterede oplysninger om fotovoltaiske systemer i forbindelse med installeret effekt, tilførsel af elektricitet og relativ dækningsgrad samt oplysninger om solvarmeanlæg i forskellige rumreferencer.De lokalitetsrelaterede oplysninger om solvarmesystemer er begrænset med hensyn til synlighed af databeskyttelseshensyn (kun synlige fra 1:15.000 skala). Desuden er tagarealets potentiale for solceller (PV) og solvarme (ST) angivet (kun synligt i en skala fra 1:500 til 1:20.000). Lokaliserings- og områderelaterede oplysninger om fotovoltaiske systemer i forbindelse med installeret effekt, tilførsel af elektricitet og relativ dækningsgrad samt oplysninger om solvarmeanlæg i forskellige rumreferencer.De lokalitetsrelaterede oplysninger om solvarmesystemer er begrænset med hensyn til synlighed af databeskyttelseshensyn (kun synlige fra 1:15.000 skala). Desuden er tagarealets potentiale for solceller (PV) og solvarme (ST) angivet (kun synligt i en skala fra 1:500 til 1:20.000). Sijaintia ja pinta-alaa koskevat tiedot aurinkosähköjärjestelmistä suhteessa asennettuun tehoon, sähkönsyöttöön ja suhteelliseen kattavuusasteeseen sekä tiedot aurinkolämpölaitteistoista eri tiloissa.Aurinkolämpöjärjestelmien sijaintiin liittyvä tieto on tietosuojasyistä vähäistä (näkyy vain 1:15 000 asteikolla). Lisäksi aurinkosähkön (PV) ja aurinkolämmön (ST) kattoaluepotentiaali ilmoitetaan (näkyy vain asteikolla 1:500–1:20 000). Sijaintia ja pinta-alaa koskevat tiedot aurinkosähköjärjestelmistä suhteessa asennettuun tehoon, sähkönsyöttöön ja suhteelliseen kattavuusasteeseen sekä tiedot aurinkolämpölaitteistoista eri tiloissa.Aurinkolämpöjärjestelmien sijaintiin liittyvä tieto on tietosuojasyistä vähäistä (näkyy vain 1:15 000 asteikolla). Lisäksi aurinkosähkön (PV) ja aurinkolämmön (ST) kattoaluepotentiaali ilmoitetaan (näkyy vain asteikolla 1:500–1:20 000). Informations relatives à la localisation et à la surface concernant les installations photovoltaïques en ce qui concerne la puissance installée, l’alimentation électrique et le taux de couverture relatif, ainsi que des informations sur les installations solaires thermiques dans différentes références spatiales.Les informations relatives à la localisation des installations solaires thermiques sont limitées dans leur visibilité pour des raisons de protection des données (visibles uniquement à l’échelle 1:15 000). En outre, le potentiel de toiture est indiqué pour le photovoltaïque (PV) et l’énergie solaire thermique (ST) (visible uniquement dans une plage d’échelle de 1:500 à 1:20.000). Πληροφορίες σχετικά με τη θέση και την περιοχή σχετικά με τα φωτοβολταϊκά συστήματα σε σχέση με την εγκατεστημένη ενέργεια, την εισροή ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας και το ποσοστό σχετικής κάλυψης, καθώς και πληροφορίες σχετικά με τις ηλιακές θερμικές εγκαταστάσεις σε διαφορετικές αναφορές δωματίου.Οι πληροφορίες σχετικά με τη θέση σχετικά με τα ηλιακά θερμικά συστήματα είναι περιορισμένες όσον αφορά την ορατότητα για λόγους προστασίας δεδομένων (ορατή μόνο από κλίμακα 1:15,000). Επιπλέον, υποδεικνύεται το δυναμικό επιφάνειας οροφής για φωτοβολταϊκά (PV) και ηλιακά θερμικά (ST) (ορατό μόνο σε κλίμακα κλίμακας από 1:500 έως 1:20.000). Informazzjoni dwar il-post u l-erja relatata mas-sistemi fotovoltajċi fir-rigward tal-enerġija installata, l-input tal-elettriku u r-rata ta’ kopertura relattiva kif ukoll informazzjoni dwar installazzjonijiet termali solari f’referenzi differenti tal-kmamar. L-informazzjoni relatata mal-post dwar is-sistemi termali solari hija limitata fil-viżibbiltà għal raġunijiet ta’ protezzjoni tad-data (viżibbli biss minn skala 1:15,000). Barra minn hekk, il-potenzjal taż-żona tas-saqaf għall-fotovoltajċi (PV) u għall-enerġija termali solari (ST) huwa indikat (viżibbli biss fuq skala minn 1:500 sa 1:20,000).

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    Schalleintrag während der Rammarbeiten. Noise emissions during pile driving.

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    De quelle infrastructure de recharge pour les véhicules branchés aurons-nous besoin demain ? Et où exactement ? Seules les personnes qui connaissent les besoins futurs en matière de recharge peuvent répondre à ces questions. Les "scénarios des besoins de recharge" fournissent cette information pour chaque commune suisse et facilitent ainsi la planification. Les "scénarios des besoins de recharge" décomposent les futurs besoins de recharge de la Suisse en communes individuelles. L'outil va donc un peu plus loin que l'étude "Comprendre l'infrastructure de recharge 2050", sur laquelle il se base. Il offre aux communes, aux exploitants de réseaux de recharge, aux gestionnaires de réseaux de distribution et au secteur immobilier de nouvelles possibilités de planification, d'investissement et de décision, et ce sur la base de données. Elle donne des indications sur les endroits où les points de charge seront demandés à l'avenir, sur la puissance qu'ils doivent avoir et sur la quantité d'énergie dont ils ont besoin. Les principaux paramètres sont présentés sous forme de cartes : Elles montrent entre autres combien de véhicules branchés sont attendus dans une commune donnée et combien de points de charge accessibles à tous seront nécessaires. L'année clé est 2035, car d'ici là, les véhicules branchés représenteront plus de la moitié de tous les véhicules immatriculés. Les données peuvent être téléchargées sous forme de géopackages (.gpkg-File). De plus, toutes les données brutes (fichier .csv) de l'étude "Comprendre l'infrastructure de recharge 2050" sont disponibles, par exemple la performance et la densité du réseau de recharge, la puissance installée cumulée des infrastructures de recharge ou les nouvelles immatriculations de voitures particulières. Les données s'étendent par tranches de cinq ans jusqu'à l'année 2050 et se prêtent à des calculs propres. Les hypothèses pour les différents mondes de la recharge se basent sur un processus des parties prenantes qui est à la base de l'outil "Compréhension de l'infrastructure de recharge 2050". Il représente le consensus actuel du secteur des groupes d'utilisateurs les plus divers et est régulièrement mis à jour. Les données simulées sont le résultat d'algorithmes et du paysage de modèles d'EBP. Les données brutes ne sont pas seulement disponibles pour les communes, mais aussi pour environ 8000 zones de circulation et cantons. En outre, de nombreux autres attributs sont disponibles, tels que l'énergie chargée par besoin de charge, la disponibilité de l'infrastructure de charge à domicile ou sur le lieu de travail, le nombre de points de charge par option de charge ainsi que la puissance de charge installée dans les bâtiments et aux points de charge accessibles à tous et la performance du réseau de charge accessible à tous. Welche Ladeinfrastruktur für Steckerfahrzeuge brauchen wir morgen? Und wo genau? Dies kann nur beantworten, wer den künftigen Ladebedarf kennt. Die «Ladebedarfsszenarien» liefern diese Information für jede Schweizer Gemeinde und erleichtern damit die Planung. Die «Ladebedarfsszenarien» brechen den künftigen Ladebedarf der Schweiz auf einzelne Gemeinden herunter. Das Werkzeug geht damit einen Schritt weiter als die Studie «Verständnis Ladeinfrastruktur 2050», auf der es basiert. Damit eröffnen sich Gemeinden, Ladenetzbetreibern, Verteilnetzbetreibern und der Immobilienwirtschaft neue Möglichkeiten zum Planen, Investieren und Entscheiden – und zwar auf einer datengestützten Grundlage. Sie gibt Hinweise darauf, wo künftig Ladepunkte gefragt sein werden, wie leistungsfähig sie sein müssen und wie viel Energie sie benötigen. Die wichtigsten Parameter sind in Karten aufbereitet: Sie zeigen unter anderem, wie viele Steckerfahrzeuge in einer bestimmten Gemeinde zu erwarten sind und wie viele allgemein zugängliche Ladepunkte nötig sein werden. Schlüsseljahr ist 2035, denn bis dahin werden Steckerfahrzeuge mehr als die Hälfte aller zugelassenen Fahrzeuge ausmachen. Die Daten können als Geopackages (.gpkg-File) heruntergeladen werden. Zudem sind sämtliche Rohdaten (.csv-File) aus der Studie «Verständnis Ladeinfrastruktur 2050» verfügbar, beispielsweise die Leistungsfähigkeit und Dichte des Ladenetzes, die kumulierte installierte Leistung von Ladeinfrastrukturen oder die Neuzulassungen von Personenwagen. Die Daten reichen in Fünfjahresschritten bis ins Jahr 2050 und bieten sich für eigene Berechnungen an. Die Annahmen für die verschiedenen Ladewelten basieren auf einem Stakeholder-Prozess, der dem Werkzeug «Verständnis Ladeinfrastruktur 2050» zugrunde liegt. Es stellt den aktuellen Branchenkonsens verschiedenster Nutzergruppen dar und wird regelmässig aktualisiert. Die simulierten Daten sind das Ergebnis von Algorithmen und der Modelllandschaft von EBP. Die Rohdaten liegen nicht nur für Gemeinden vor, sondern auch für rund 8000 Verkehrszonen und Kantone. Ausserdem sind viele weitere Attribute verfügbar, etwa die geladene Energie pro Ladebedürfnis, die Verfügbarkeit der Ladeinfrastruktur zu Hause oder am Arbeitsplatz, die Anzahl Ladepunkte je Ladeoption sowie die installierte Ladeleistung in Gebäuden und an allgemein zugänglichen Ladepunkten sowie die Leistungsfähigkeit des allgemein zugänglichen Ladenetzes. What charging infrastructure for plug-in electric vehicles will we need tomorrow? And where exactly? This can only be answered by knowing the future charging requirements. The “charging demand scenarios” provide this information for each Swiss municipality and thus facilitate planning. The “charging demand scenarios” break down Switzerland's future charging demand into each individual municipality. The tool thus goes one step further than the “Understanding charging infrastructure 2050” study on which it is based. This opens up new opportunities for municipalities, charging network operators, distribution network operators and the real estate industry to plan, invest and make decisions on a data-driven basis. It provides information on where charging points will be in demand in the future, how powerful they need to be and how much energy they require. The most important parameters are presented in maps: Among other things, they show how many plug-in electric vehicles can be expected in a specific municipality and how many generally accessible charging points will be needed. The key year is 2035, because by then plug-in electric vehicles will account for more than half of all registered vehicles. The data can be downloaded as geopackage files (.gpkg). All raw data (.csv file) from the “Understanding charging infrastructure 2050” study is also available, such as the performance and density of the charging network, the cumulative installed capacity of charging infrastructure and new car registrations. The data extends in five-year increments up to the year 2050 and is suitable for our own calculations. The assumptions for the various charging worlds are based on a stakeholder process underlying the “Understanding charging infrastructure 2050” tool. It represents the current industry consensus of various user groups and is updated regularly. The simulated data is the result of algorithms and the EBP model landscape. The raw data is not only available for municipalities, but also for around 8000 traffic zones and cantons. Many other attributes are also available, such as the energy charged per charging requirement, the availability of charging infrastructure at home or at work, the number of charging points per charging option and the installed charging capacity in buildings and at generally accessible charging points, as well as the performance of the generally accessible charging network. La biomasse est une ressource renouvelable pour l'énergie qui peut être transformée en plusieurs formes d'énergie : chaleur, électricité, biogaz ou combustibles liquides. La biomasse est principalement stockable et peut donc être utilisée pour compenser les fluctuations de la production d'énergie éolienne et solaire. Dans le cadre de la mise en oeuvre de la stratégie énergétique, le gouvernement suisse prévoit une augmentation massive de la part des énergies renouvelables. Le Centre de compétences suisse pour la recherche énergétique (SCCER) Biosweet (Biomass for Swiss Energy Future) cherche des solutions aux défis techniques, sociaux et politiques que pose la transition énergétique dans le domaine de la biomasse. L'institut fédéral de recherches sur la forêt, la neige et le paysage (WSL) a quantifié et localisé le potentiel d'importantes ressources de biomasse en Suisse, notamment en ce qui concerne leur disponibilité pour une exploitation durable. Les résultats sont utiles pour (i) optimiser les processus de conversion afin de tenir compte des développements technologiques et (ii) identifier les voies prometteuses d'utilisation de la biomasse et les meilleurs sites pour leur mise en œuvre. Les données (https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/swiss-biomass-potentials) et un rapport détaillé sont disponibles en ligne (https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A13277/datastream/PDF/Thees-2017-Biomassepotenziale_der_Schweiz_f%C3%BCr_die-%28published_version%29.pdf).

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    Геотермальне тепло у вигляді гідротермальної енергії вже використовується енергетично або в бальнеологічних цілях в Баварії. Показано колодязі термальних вод, зафіксовані в Баварській ґрунтовій інформаційній системі (BIS), класифіковані відповідно до їх використання. Геотермальне тепло у вигляді гідротермальної енергії вже використовується енергетично або в бальнеологічних цілях в Баварії. Показано колодязі термальних вод, зафіксовані в Баварській ґрунтовій інформаційній системі (BIS), класифіковані відповідно до їх використання. Ģeotermālo siltumu hidrotermālās enerģijas veidā jau izmanto enerģētiski vai balneoloģiskiem mērķiem Bavārijā. Tiek parādītas Bavārijas Augsnes informācijas sistēmā (BIS) reģistrētās termiskās ūdens akas, kas klasificētas pēc to izmantošanas. Ģeotermālo siltumu hidrotermālās enerģijas veidā jau izmanto enerģētiski vai balneoloģiskiem mērķiem Bavārijā. Tiek parādītas Bavārijas Augsnes informācijas sistēmā (BIS) reģistrētās termiskās ūdens akas, kas klasificētas pēc to izmantošanas. La chaleur géothermique sous forme d’énergie hydrothermale est déjà utilisée en Bavière sur différents sites énergétiques ou à des fins balnéologiques. Les forages d’eau thermale enregistrés dans le système d’information du sol bavarois (BIS) sont présentés, classés en fonction de leur utilisation. Geothermische warmte in de vorm van hydrothermische energie wordt al energetisch of voor balneologische doeleinden in Beieren gebruikt. De thermische waterputten die zijn geregistreerd in het Beierse bodeminformatiesysteem (BIS) worden weergegeven, ingedeeld op basis van het gebruik ervan. Erdwärme in Form hydrothermaler Energie wird in Bayern bereits an verschiedenen Standorten energetisch oder zu balneologischen Zwecken genutzt. Dargestellt sind die im Bayerischen Bodeninformationssystem (BIS) erfassten Thermalwasserbohrungen, klassifiziert nach ihrer Nutzung. Is-sħana ġeotermali fil-forma ta’ enerġija idrotermali diġà tintuża b’mod enerġetiku jew għal skopijiet balneoloġiċi fil-Bavarja. Il-bjar tal-ilma termali rreġistrati fis-Sistema ta’ Informazzjoni dwar il-Ħamrija tal-Bavarja (BIS) jintwerew, ikklassifikati skont l-użu tagħhom. Ciepło geotermalne w postaci energii hydrotermalnej jest już wykorzystywane energetycznie lub do celów balneologicznych w Bawarii. Pokazano studnie wód termalnych zarejestrowane w bawarskim systemie informacji o glebie (BIS), sklasyfikowane w zależności od ich wykorzystania. O calor geotérmico sob a forma de energia hidrotérmica já é utilizado energeticamente ou para fins balneológicos na Baviera. Os poços de água termal registados no Sistema de Informação do Solo da Baviera (BIS) são apresentados, classificados de acordo com a sua utilização. Căldura geotermală sub formă de energie hidrotermală este deja utilizată energetic sau în scopuri balneologice în Bavaria. Puțurile de apă termală înregistrate în Sistemul de informații privind solul bavarez (BIS) sunt prezentate, clasificate în funcție de utilizarea lor. Il calore geotermico sotto forma di energia idrotermica è già utilizzato energeticamente o per scopi balneologici in Baviera. I pozzi d'acqua termali registrati nel sistema di informazione del suolo bavarese (BIS) sono indicati, classificati in base al loro utilizzo.

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    Sellaisten aurinkosähköjärjestelmien sijainnit, joiden teho on kilowattip ja jotka saavat rahoitustukea uusiutuvia energialähteitä koskevan lain (EEG) mukaisesti. Amplasamentele sistemelor fotovoltaice cu putere în kWp, care beneficiază de sprijin financiar în conformitate cu Legea privind energiile regenerabile (EEG). A megújuló energiákról szóló törvény (EEG) értelmében pénzügyi támogatásban részesülő, kWp-ban kifejezett teljesítményű fotovoltaikus rendszerek helyszínei. Местоположения на фотоволтаични системи с мощност в kWp, които получават финансова подкрепа съгласно Закона за възобновяемите енергийни източници (EEG). Τοποθεσίες φωτοβολταϊκών συστημάτων με ισχύ σε kWp, τα οποία λαμβάνουν οικονομική στήριξη σύμφωνα με τον νόμο για τις ανανεώσιμες πηγές ενέργειας (EEG). Розташування фотоелектричних систем з потужністю в кВтп, які отримують фінансову підтримку відповідно до Закону про відновлювані джерела енергії (EEG). Sites d’installations photovoltaïques de puissance en kWp bénéficiant d’un soutien financier en vertu de la loi sur les énergies renouvelables (EEG). Fotovoltinių sistemų, kurių galia išreikšta kWp, vietos, kurioms teikiama finansinė parama pagal Atsinaujinančių energijos išteklių įstatymą (EEG). Tādu fotoelementu sistēmu atrašanās vietas, kuru jauda ir kWp un kuras saņem finansiālu atbalstu saskaņā ar Atjaunojamo energoresursu likumu (EEG). Suíomhanna na gcóras fótavoltach a bhfuil cumhacht acu in kWp, a fhaigheann tacaíocht airgeadais de réir an Achta um Fhuinneamh Inathnuaite (EEG).

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    Authors: Boer, Lukas;

    Diese Dissertation beantwortet verschiedene politikrelevante ökonomische Fragen in den Bereichen Handelspolitik, Geldpolitik, sowie Rohstoffmärkte und Energieökonomik mit Hilfe von strukturellen Vektorautoregressionsmodellen (SVAR). SVARs stellen eine effektive Möglichkeit dar, die Beziehungen zwischen verschiedenen makroökonomischen und/oder Finanzmarkt-Variablen zu modellieren und werden verwendet, um die dynamischen kausalen Effekte von ökonomischen Schocks zu schätzen. Für jede ökonomische Fragestellung wird eine Identifikationsstrategie angewandt, die auf die betrachteten Daten und ihre statistischen Eigenschaften sowie die zugrundeliegenden Annahmen über ökonomische Mechanismen zwischen den betrachteten Zeitreihen zugeschnitten ist. Im Einzelnen besteht diese Dissertation aus vier Kapiteln. In den ersten beiden Kapiteln werden die Auswirkungen von Handelspolitik auf Finanzmärkte und auf die Makroökonomie geschätzt. Das dritte Kapitel liefert einen methodischen Beitrag zur SVAR-Literatur, der in einer Anwendung zu den Effekten von Geldpolitik dargestellt wird. Das letzte Kapitel verlässt die Felder der Handels- und Geldpolitik und wendet sich Rohstoffmärkten und der Energiewirtschaft zu, stützt sich dabei aber ebenfalls auf Zeitreihenmethoden. Es analysiert die Rolle von Metallen in der Energiewende. This dissertation answers various policy relevant economic questions in the fields of trade policy, monetary policy, and commodity markets and energy economics using structural vector autoregression (SVAR) models. SVARs constitute a parsimonious way to model the relations between different macroeconomic and/or financial variables and they are used to estimate the dynamic causal effects of economic shocks. For each economic question, this dissertation applies an identification strategy that is tailored to the relevant data and its statistical properties as well as the underlying assumptions about economic mechanisms among the regarded time series. Specifically, this dissertation consists of four chapters. The first two chapters estimate the effects of trade policy on financial markets and on the macroeconomy. The third chapter makes a methodological contribution to the SVAR literature in an application to monetary policy shocks. The final chapter moves away from trade and monetary policy to commodity markets and energy economics but also relies on time series methods. It analyzes the role of metals for the clean energy transition.

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    Authors: Kruck, Christoph;

    Die Stromerzeugung aus Windenergie hat in den vergangenen Jahren, insbesondere unterstützt durch das Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz (EEG), stark zugenommen und belief sich im Jahr 2006 auf einen Anteil von rund 4,8 % an der Bruttostromerzeugung. Aufgrund des fluktuierenden Charakters der Windstromerzeugung ist die Integration und Einspeisung dieses Anteils in das Netz der öffentlichen Versorgung bereits heute mit teilweise erheblichen Problemen verbunden. Diese werden sich in Zukunft weiter verstärken, wenn der geplante Einstieg in die Offshore-Windenergienutzung wie geplant stattfindet und in den kommenden Jahren einige GW Leistung Offshore installiert werden. Grundsätzlich bieten sich zwei Lösungsansätze für die angesprochene Problematik an, die sich gegenseitig ergänzen: Zum einen können durch exaktere Prognoseverfahren die zu erwartenden Windstrommengen besser vorhergesagt und damit zugleich die Fahrpläne der konventionellen (Schatten-)Kraftwerke genauer erstellt werden. Der Bedarf an Ausgleichsenergie wird durch dieses Verfahren minimiert. Im Fall von Windflauten muss jedoch die gesamte nachgefragte Leistung durch konventionelle Kraftwerke bereitgestellt werden. Zum anderen kann durch den Einsatz von Speicherkraftwerken eine zeitliche Entkopplung von Energieangebot und –bedarf realisiert werden, indem in Zeiten hohen Windenergieangebots ein Teil des Windstroms zwischengespeichert wird und umgekehrt in Windflauten das Speicherkraftwerk die Strombereitstellung übernimmt. Mit Hilfe dieses Verfahrens erfolgt dementsprechend eine Anpassung des Angebots an die Nachfrage. Die vorliegende Arbeit konzentriert sich auf den zweiten Ansatz und entwickelt ein Simulationsmodell, mit dessen Hilfe ein Windpark-Speicher-System abgebildet und eine Vergleichmäßigung des Windstroms durch Integration verschiedener Speichertechnologen (diabates/adiabates Druckluft-Speicherkraftwerk, Pumpspeicherkraftwerk) simuliert wird. Ziel der Vergleichmäßigung ist die kontinuierliche Bereitstellung einer garantierten Leistung. Die verbleibenden Fluktuationen werden durch einen Abgleich mit der Nachfrageseite in Form der Netzlast berücksichtigt. Für unterschiedliche Systemvarianten werden sowohl die Stromgestehungskosten als auch die spezifischen CO2-Emissionen berechnet, um auf dieser Basis einen Vergleich der einzelnen Systeme zu ermöglichen. Grundlegende Parameter wie beispielsweise die energetische Speicherkapazität, die spezifischen Investitionskosten der Windenergieanlagen und des Speicherkraftwerks oder auch die Bezugskosten für Ausgleichsenergie werden anschließend in Form von Sensitivitätsanalysen und Parametervariation detailliert untersucht. Auf diese Weise können die unter konstant gesetzten Parametern gewonnenen Ergebnisse bestätigt bzw. kritisch hinterfragt werden, wobei insbesondere der Einfluss der verschiedenen Eingangsgrößen auf die Stromgestehungskosten im Detail analysiert wird. In der Folge werden vielversprechende Systemkonfigurationen unter dem Zielkriterium möglichst geringer Stromgestehungskosten identifiziert. Zudem wird geprüft, welche Anforderungen an die Kostenentwicklung speziell von Druckluft-Speicherkraftwerken zu stellen sind, um mit einem konventionellen Vergleichssystem konkurrenzfähig zu werden. Power generation from wind energy has increased significantly in the past years reaching 4.8 % of the gross power generation. This development was especially promoted by the re-newable energy law (Erneuerbares-Energien-Gesetz). The integration and feed-in of this power into the grid is associated with considerable problems as the wind power generation is characterised by its fluctuating nature. These diffi-culties will grow and accelerate if the planned wind parks in the North or Baltic Sea with some GW power are realised in the following years. In principle there are two methods of resolution for this kind of problem which com-plement one another: On the one hand it’s possible to develop better forecasting models in order to forecast the wind power generation more accurately. By this means also the operation of the conventional power plants can be planned more accurately. In the consequence the de-mand for balancing power is minimized. Nevertheless it’s inevitable to provide the total sum of demanded power in times of wind calms by conventional power plants. Concerning the second method the operation of storage facilities is involved in the system in order to realise a temporal decoupling of energy supply and demand. In times with high wind power generation the storage unit is filled and vice versa in wind calms the storage facility is able to provide power. Thus the supply side is adapted to the demand side. The following thesis focuses on the second method. A tool is developed, simulating the operation of a windpark-storage system, in order to equalise the wind power generation by the help of different storage technologies (diabatic/adiabatic compressed air energy storage, pumped hydro). The equalisation aims at the continuous supply of a guaranteed power. Re-maining fluctuations of wind power are considered by a comparison of demand and supply side, whereas the demand side is represented by the system load. The costs of generating electricity as well as the specific CO2-emissions are calculated for different configurations resulting in a comparison of the different systems. Following fun-damental parameters as the energy storage capacity, the specific investment costs of the wind power plants and the storage facility or the price of balancing power are examined in detail by the help of a sensitivity analysis. In so doing it is possible to confirm or to question the results calculated with fixed parameters. In this context especially the influence of different parame-ters on the costs of generating electricity is analysed. Finally promising system configurations with the aim of reducing the costs of generat-ing electricity are identified. Moreover the requirements concerning the reduction of invest-ment costs especially of compressed air energy storage systems in order to achieve competi-tiveness with a conventional system are examined.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
    Doctoral thesis . 2008
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
      Doctoral thesis . 2008
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    Authors: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Erziehungswissenschaft. Kommission Grundschulforschung und Pädagogik der Primarstufe. Jahrestagung (30. : 2022 : Regensburg);

    Nachhaltige Bildung in der Grundschule kann unter mehreren Blickwinkeln betrachtet werden: In einem weiten Begriffsverständnis bezieht sich das Thema auf nachhaltige Bildungsprozesse im Sinne einer langfristigen Verfügbarkeit. Dies spielt für die Grundschule als erste Schule mit ihrem Auftrag der grundlegenden Bildung eine besondere Rolle. Gleichzeitig ist ein enges Begriffsverständnis mit eingeschlossen, welches die Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung aus einer ökologischen, ökonomischen und sozialen Perspektive betrachtet. Dabei zielt das Handeln auf eine nachhaltiger und gerechter gestaltete Gegenwart und Zukunft. Der vorliegende Band stellt Beiträge der 30. Jahrestagung der Kommission Grundschulforschung und Pädagogik der Primarstufe zusammen, welche im September 2022 in Regensburg stattfand und das Thema „Nachhaltige Bildung in der Grundschule“ adressierte. (DIPF/Orig.) Bad Heilbrunn : Verlag Julius Klinkhardt 2023, 471 S. - (Jahrbuch Grundschulforschung; 27)

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.25656/01...
    Book . 2023
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    The companies of the photovoltaic industry have experienced considerable growth in recent years. And further growth is forecasted for the coming years. By now, nearly two million single photovoltaic (PV) installations generate electricity from sunlight around the world. Thereby, the wafer-based PV products have a market share of about 80-85%. The interim shortage of silicon and the increasing cost pressure in the market give rise to ever thinner and larger wafers. Thus, the "PV Roadmap for Crystalline Silicon" of the German cell producers expects an average wafer thickness of 100 µm until 2020 and the next generation of wafer thickness in 2015. This trend brings about new challenges for the PV industry: due to the manual and automated handling in the manufacturing the silicon-based wafers are exposed to mechanical stress. If the wafers, however, become ever thinner they lose their mechanical stability and might form cracks when exposed to huge forces during the handling.These cracks, however, cause a higher breakage rate and are one of the main reasons for breakdowns of the finished modules. The damage-free handling of the very fragile silicon wafers will gain in importance due to the expected increase in the throughput. Therefore, the handling systems and components must not only handle the sensitive substrates as gently as possible but also with high speed and precision in the µm range. For this purpose, new adjusted handling components are required. This thesis aims at making a contribution to the optimal selection of handling components for the photovoltaic industry. The primary target is the development of an objective and vendor-independent evaluation procedure for grippers especially used in the cell and module manufacturing. The procedure to be developed should be suitable for cell, equipment and machine manufacturers as well as for component suppliers. Furthermore, the procedure should be applicable to identical and variable grippingprinciples. The result of the method should be the optimal decision guidance for the user and should enable an adequate and neutral classification of the tested gripper. Der enorme Ausbau der Produktionskapazitäten der Photovoltaik-Industrie in den vergangenen Jahren hat auch die Anforderungen an den Maschinen- und Anlagenbau erhöht. Die Automatisierung in der Fertigung von Solarzellen spielt dabei zur Sicherung von Qualität und Ausbeute und somit auch für die Kostenreduktion eine entscheidende Rolle. Die sich erhöhenden Materialtransportintensitäten zwischen den einzelnen Prozessschritten stellen dabei eine nicht zu vernachlässigende Herausforderung dar: Die zunehmend dünneren und fragilen Substrate bei verkürzten Zykluszeiten bringen insbesondere die Handhabung an deren physikalische Grenzen. Vor diesem Hintergrund gewinnt eine Bewertung der Leistungsfähigkeit von Handhabungskomponenten verstärkt an Bedeutung. Die Ausgangssituation zeigt, dass in der Zellfertigung aktueller Fertigungslinien insbesondere die greiferbasierte Handhabung mit Pick-and-Place-Charakter bereits parallel eingesetzt wird, um den hohen Durchsätzen gerecht zuwerden. Hierbei muss der Aufnahme- und Ablagevorgang so schnell und schädigungsarm durchgeführt werden, dass sowohl der geforderte Durchsatz, wie auch die erforderliche Qualität erreicht werden können. Durch diese Randbedingungen sind neue und erhöhte Anforderungen an die Greiferauswahl und die optimale Parametereinstellung des eingesetzten Greifers zu stellen. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt ein neues, angepassten Verfahren für die Leistungsbewertung von Greifern für Silizium-Wafer. Im Vordergrund steht die Entwicklung eines objektiven und herstellerunabhängigen Bewertungsverfahrens für Greifer, die insbesonders in der Zell- und Modulfertigung eingesetzt werden. Das zu entwickelnde Verfahren kann sowohl von Zellherstellern, Anlagen- und Maschinenbauern, aber auch von Komponentenlieferanten eingesetzt werden. Das daraus resultierende Ergebnis soll eine optimale Entscheidungshilfe für den Anwender darstellen aber auch eine adäquate, neutrale Klassifizierung der getestetenGreifer ermöglichen.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
    Doctoral thesis . 2014
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.24406/pu...
    Other literature type . 2014
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
      Doctoral thesis . 2014
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.24406/pu...
      Other literature type . 2014
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    Authors: Domnik, Tobias; Kälber, S.; Leible, L.;

    Im Rahmen der Globalisierung der Rohstoffmärkte, der Ausrichtung der Wirtschaft in Richtung Bioökonomie und der Energiewende gewinnt die Biomasse als Nahrungsmittel, Rohstoff und Energieträger für Deutschland zunehmend an Bedeutung. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde für Deutschland auf Basis der Außenhandelsstatistik ein Überblick über die derzeit mengen- und wertmäßig bedeutendsten Biomasseträger und deren Herkunftsländer erstellt, ausgehend von den Importen für das Jahr 2014.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ksp...
    Report . 2016
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ksp...
      Report . 2016
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    Informații privind localizarea și suprafața sistemelor fotovoltaice în ceea ce privește energia electrică instalată, consumul de energie electrică și rata de acoperire relativă, precum și informațiile privind instalațiile termice solare din diferite referințe ale camerelor.Informațiile privind localizarea sistemelor termice solare sunt limitate în ceea ce privește vizibilitatea din motive de protecție a datelor (vizibile numai de la scara 1:15.000). În plus, este indicat potențialul suprafeței acoperișului pentru fotovoltaice (PV) și pentru energia termică solară (ST) (vizibil numai într-un interval de scară de la 1:500 la 1:20.000). Informații privind localizarea și suprafața sistemelor fotovoltaice în ceea ce privește energia electrică instalată, consumul de energie electrică și rata de acoperire relativă, precum și informațiile privind instalațiile termice solare din diferite referințe ale camerelor.Informațiile privind localizarea sistemelor termice solare sunt limitate în ceea ce privește vizibilitatea din motive de protecție a datelor (vizibile numai de la scara 1:15.000). În plus, este indicat potențialul suprafeței acoperișului pentru fotovoltaice (PV) și pentru energia termică solară (ST) (vizibil numai într-un interval de scară de la 1:500 la 1:20.000). Informações relativas à localização e à área dos sistemas fotovoltaicos em relação à potência instalada, à entrada de eletricidade e à taxa de cobertura relativa, bem como informações sobre instalações solares térmicas em diferentes referências de salas. As informações relativas à localização dos sistemas solares térmicos são limitadas em termos de visibilidade por razões de proteção de dados (só visíveis a partir da escala de 1:15.000). Além disso, indica-se o potencial da área do telhado para fotovoltaica (PV) e solar térmica (ST) (apenas visível numa escala de 1:500 a 1:20.000). Informações relativas à localização e à área dos sistemas fotovoltaicos em relação à potência instalada, à entrada de eletricidade e à taxa de cobertura relativa, bem como informações sobre instalações solares térmicas em diferentes referências de salas. As informações relativas à localização dos sistemas solares térmicos são limitadas em termos de visibilidade por razões de proteção de dados (só visíveis a partir da escala de 1:15.000). Além disso, indica-se o potencial da área do telhado para fotovoltaica (PV) e solar térmica (ST) (apenas visível numa escala de 1:500 a 1:20.000). Informazioni relative all'ubicazione e all'area degli impianti fotovoltaici in relazione all'energia installata, all'immissione di energia elettrica e al tasso di copertura relativa, nonché informazioni sugli impianti solari termici in diversi riferimenti.Le informazioni relative alla localizzazione degli impianti solari termici sono limitate in visibilità per motivi di protezione dei dati (visibili solo da 1:15.000). Inoltre, l'area del tetto potenziale per il fotovoltaico (PV) e solare termico (ST) è indicato (visibile solo in un intervallo di scala da 1:500 a 1:20.000). Informazioni relative all'ubicazione e all'area degli impianti fotovoltaici in relazione all'energia installata, all'immissione di energia elettrica e al tasso di copertura relativa, nonché informazioni sugli impianti solari termici in diversi riferimenti.Le informazioni relative alla localizzazione degli impianti solari termici sono limitate in visibilità per motivi di protezione dei dati (visibili solo da 1:15.000). Inoltre, l'area del tetto potenziale per il fotovoltaico (PV) e solare termico (ST) è indicato (visibile solo in un intervallo di scala da 1:500 a 1:20.000). Информация за местоположението и площта на фотоволтаичните системи във връзка с инсталираната електроенергия, входящата електроенергия и относителната степен на покритие, както и информация за слънчевите топлинни инсталации в различни помещения. Информацията, свързана с местоположението на слънчевите топлинни системи, е ограничена по отношение на видимостта от съображения за защита на данните (видима само от 1:15 000 мащаба). Освен това е посочен потенциалът на покривната площ за фотоволтаици (PV) и слънчева топлинна енергия (ST) (видим само в мащаб от 1:500 до 1:20,000). Информация за местоположението и площта на фотоволтаичните системи във връзка с инсталираната електроенергия, входящата електроенергия и относителната степен на покритие, както и информация за слънчевите топлинни инсталации в различни помещения. Информацията, свързана с местоположението на слънчевите топлинни системи, е ограничена по отношение на видимостта от съображения за защита на данните (видима само от 1:15 000 мащаба). Освен това е посочен потенциалът на покривната площ за фотоволтаици (PV) и слънчева топлинна енергия (ST) (видим само в мащаб от 1:500 до 1:20,000). Informace o poloze a oblasti týkající se fotovoltaických systémů ve vztahu k instalovanému výkonu, příkonu elektřiny a relativní míře pokrytí, jakož i informace o solárních tepelných zařízeních v různých pokojových referencích.Informace o poloze o solárních tepelných systémech jsou z důvodů ochrany údajů omezené (z důvodu ochrany údajů jsou viditelné pouze v měřítku 1:15 000). Kromě toho je indikován potenciál střešní plochy pro fotovoltaiku (PV) a solární termální (ST) (viditelná pouze v měřítku od 1:500 do 1: 20 000). Informace o poloze a oblasti týkající se fotovoltaických systémů ve vztahu k instalovanému výkonu, příkonu elektřiny a relativní míře pokrytí, jakož i informace o solárních tepelných zařízeních v různých pokojových referencích.Informace o poloze o solárních tepelných systémech jsou z důvodů ochrany údajů omezené (z důvodu ochrany údajů jsou viditelné pouze v měřítku 1:15 000). Kromě toho je indikován potenciál střešní plochy pro fotovoltaiku (PV) a solární termální (ST) (viditelná pouze v měřítku od 1:500 do 1: 20 000). Lokaliserings- og områderelaterede oplysninger om fotovoltaiske systemer i forbindelse med installeret effekt, tilførsel af elektricitet og relativ dækningsgrad samt oplysninger om solvarmeanlæg i forskellige rumreferencer.De lokalitetsrelaterede oplysninger om solvarmesystemer er begrænset med hensyn til synlighed af databeskyttelseshensyn (kun synlige fra 1:15.000 skala). Desuden er tagarealets potentiale for solceller (PV) og solvarme (ST) angivet (kun synligt i en skala fra 1:500 til 1:20.000). Lokaliserings- og områderelaterede oplysninger om fotovoltaiske systemer i forbindelse med installeret effekt, tilførsel af elektricitet og relativ dækningsgrad samt oplysninger om solvarmeanlæg i forskellige rumreferencer.De lokalitetsrelaterede oplysninger om solvarmesystemer er begrænset med hensyn til synlighed af databeskyttelseshensyn (kun synlige fra 1:15.000 skala). Desuden er tagarealets potentiale for solceller (PV) og solvarme (ST) angivet (kun synligt i en skala fra 1:500 til 1:20.000). Sijaintia ja pinta-alaa koskevat tiedot aurinkosähköjärjestelmistä suhteessa asennettuun tehoon, sähkönsyöttöön ja suhteelliseen kattavuusasteeseen sekä tiedot aurinkolämpölaitteistoista eri tiloissa.Aurinkolämpöjärjestelmien sijaintiin liittyvä tieto on tietosuojasyistä vähäistä (näkyy vain 1:15 000 asteikolla). Lisäksi aurinkosähkön (PV) ja aurinkolämmön (ST) kattoaluepotentiaali ilmoitetaan (näkyy vain asteikolla 1:500–1:20 000). Sijaintia ja pinta-alaa koskevat tiedot aurinkosähköjärjestelmistä suhteessa asennettuun tehoon, sähkönsyöttöön ja suhteelliseen kattavuusasteeseen sekä tiedot aurinkolämpölaitteistoista eri tiloissa.Aurinkolämpöjärjestelmien sijaintiin liittyvä tieto on tietosuojasyistä vähäistä (näkyy vain 1:15 000 asteikolla). Lisäksi aurinkosähkön (PV) ja aurinkolämmön (ST) kattoaluepotentiaali ilmoitetaan (näkyy vain asteikolla 1:500–1:20 000). Informations relatives à la localisation et à la surface concernant les installations photovoltaïques en ce qui concerne la puissance installée, l’alimentation électrique et le taux de couverture relatif, ainsi que des informations sur les installations solaires thermiques dans différentes références spatiales.Les informations relatives à la localisation des installations solaires thermiques sont limitées dans leur visibilité pour des raisons de protection des données (visibles uniquement à l’échelle 1:15 000). En outre, le potentiel de toiture est indiqué pour le photovoltaïque (PV) et l’énergie solaire thermique (ST) (visible uniquement dans une plage d’échelle de 1:500 à 1:20.000). Πληροφορίες σχετικά με τη θέση και την περιοχή σχετικά με τα φωτοβολταϊκά συστήματα σε σχέση με την εγκατεστημένη ενέργεια, την εισροή ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας και το ποσοστό σχετικής κάλυψης, καθώς και πληροφορίες σχετικά με τις ηλιακές θερμικές εγκαταστάσεις σε διαφορετικές αναφορές δωματίου.Οι πληροφορίες σχετικά με τη θέση σχετικά με τα ηλιακά θερμικά συστήματα είναι περιορισμένες όσον αφορά την ορατότητα για λόγους προστασίας δεδομένων (ορατή μόνο από κλίμακα 1:15,000). Επιπλέον, υποδεικνύεται το δυναμικό επιφάνειας οροφής για φωτοβολταϊκά (PV) και ηλιακά θερμικά (ST) (ορατό μόνο σε κλίμακα κλίμακας από 1:500 έως 1:20.000). Informazzjoni dwar il-post u l-erja relatata mas-sistemi fotovoltajċi fir-rigward tal-enerġija installata, l-input tal-elettriku u r-rata ta’ kopertura relattiva kif ukoll informazzjoni dwar installazzjonijiet termali solari f’referenzi differenti tal-kmamar. L-informazzjoni relatata mal-post dwar is-sistemi termali solari hija limitata fil-viżibbiltà għal raġunijiet ta’ protezzjoni tad-data (viżibbli biss minn skala 1:15,000). Barra minn hekk, il-potenzjal taż-żona tas-saqaf għall-fotovoltajċi (PV) u għall-enerġija termali solari (ST) huwa indikat (viżibbli biss fuq skala minn 1:500 sa 1:20,000).

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    Schalleintrag während der Rammarbeiten. Noise emissions during pile driving.

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    De quelle infrastructure de recharge pour les véhicules branchés aurons-nous besoin demain ? Et où exactement ? Seules les personnes qui connaissent les besoins futurs en matière de recharge peuvent répondre à ces questions. Les "scénarios des besoins de recharge" fournissent cette information pour chaque commune suisse et facilitent ainsi la planification. Les "scénarios des besoins de recharge" décomposent les futurs besoins de recharge de la Suisse en communes individuelles. L'outil va donc un peu plus loin que l'étude "Comprendre l'infrastructure de recharge 2050", sur laquelle il se base. Il offre aux communes, aux exploitants de réseaux de recharge, aux gestionnaires de réseaux de distribution et au secteur immobilier de nouvelles possibilités de planification, d'investissement et de décision, et ce sur la base de données. Elle donne des indications sur les endroits où les points de charge seront demandés à l'avenir, sur la puissance qu'ils doivent avoir et sur la quantité d'énergie dont ils ont besoin. Les principaux paramètres sont présentés sous forme de cartes : Elles montrent entre autres combien de véhicules branchés sont attendus dans une commune donnée et combien de points de charge accessibles à tous seront nécessaires. L'année clé est 2035, car d'ici là, les véhicules branchés représenteront plus de la moitié de tous les véhicules immatriculés. Les données peuvent être téléchargées sous forme de géopackages (.gpkg-File). De plus, toutes les données brutes (fichier .csv) de l'étude "Comprendre l'infrastructure de recharge 2050" sont disponibles, par exemple la performance et la densité du réseau de recharge, la puissance installée cumulée des infrastructures de recharge ou les nouvelles immatriculations de voitures particulières. Les données s'étendent par tranches de cinq ans jusqu'à l'année 2050 et se prêtent à des calculs propres. Les hypothèses pour les différents mondes de la recharge se basent sur un processus des parties prenantes qui est à la base de l'outil "Compréhension de l'infrastructure de recharge 2050". Il représente le consensus actuel du secteur des groupes d'utilisateurs les plus divers et est régulièrement mis à jour. Les données simulées sont le résultat d'algorithmes et du paysage de modèles d'EBP. Les données brutes ne sont pas seulement disponibles pour les communes, mais aussi pour environ 8000 zones de circulation et cantons. En outre, de nombreux autres attributs sont disponibles, tels que l'énergie chargée par besoin de charge, la disponibilité de l'infrastructure de charge à domicile ou sur le lieu de travail, le nombre de points de charge par option de charge ainsi que la puissance de charge installée dans les bâtiments et aux points de charge accessibles à tous et la performance du réseau de charge accessible à tous. Welche Ladeinfrastruktur für Steckerfahrzeuge brauchen wir morgen? Und wo genau? Dies kann nur beantworten, wer den künftigen Ladebedarf kennt. Die «Ladebedarfsszenarien» liefern diese Information für jede Schweizer Gemeinde und erleichtern damit die Planung. Die «Ladebedarfsszenarien» brechen den künftigen Ladebedarf der Schweiz auf einzelne Gemeinden herunter. Das Werkzeug geht damit einen Schritt weiter als die Studie «Verständnis Ladeinfrastruktur 2050», auf der es basiert. Damit eröffnen sich Gemeinden, Ladenetzbetreibern, Verteilnetzbetreibern und der Immobilienwirtschaft neue Möglichkeiten zum Planen, Investieren und Entscheiden – und zwar auf einer datengestützten Grundlage. Sie gibt Hinweise darauf, wo künftig Ladepunkte gefragt sein werden, wie leistungsfähig sie sein müssen und wie viel Energie sie benötigen. Die wichtigsten Parameter sind in Karten aufbereitet: Sie zeigen unter anderem, wie viele Steckerfahrzeuge in einer bestimmten Gemeinde zu erwarten sind und wie viele allgemein zugängliche Ladepunkte nötig sein werden. Schlüsseljahr ist 2035, denn bis dahin werden Steckerfahrzeuge mehr als die Hälfte aller zugelassenen Fahrzeuge ausmachen. Die Daten können als Geopackages (.gpkg-File) heruntergeladen werden. Zudem sind sämtliche Rohdaten (.csv-File) aus der Studie «Verständnis Ladeinfrastruktur 2050» verfügbar, beispielsweise die Leistungsfähigkeit und Dichte des Ladenetzes, die kumulierte installierte Leistung von Ladeinfrastrukturen oder die Neuzulassungen von Personenwagen. Die Daten reichen in Fünfjahresschritten bis ins Jahr 2050 und bieten sich für eigene Berechnungen an. Die Annahmen für die verschiedenen Ladewelten basieren auf einem Stakeholder-Prozess, der dem Werkzeug «Verständnis Ladeinfrastruktur 2050» zugrunde liegt. Es stellt den aktuellen Branchenkonsens verschiedenster Nutzergruppen dar und wird regelmässig aktualisiert. Die simulierten Daten sind das Ergebnis von Algorithmen und der Modelllandschaft von EBP. Die Rohdaten liegen nicht nur für Gemeinden vor, sondern auch für rund 8000 Verkehrszonen und Kantone. Ausserdem sind viele weitere Attribute verfügbar, etwa die geladene Energie pro Ladebedürfnis, die Verfügbarkeit der Ladeinfrastruktur zu Hause oder am Arbeitsplatz, die Anzahl Ladepunkte je Ladeoption sowie die installierte Ladeleistung in Gebäuden und an allgemein zugänglichen Ladepunkten sowie die Leistungsfähigkeit des allgemein zugänglichen Ladenetzes. What charging infrastructure for plug-in electric vehicles will we need tomorrow? And where exactly? This can only be answered by knowing the future charging requirements. The “charging demand scenarios” provide this information for each Swiss municipality and thus facilitate planning. The “charging demand scenarios” break down Switzerland's future charging demand into each individual municipality. The tool thus goes one step further than the “Understanding charging infrastructure 2050” study on which it is based. This opens up new opportunities for municipalities, charging network operators, distribution network operators and the real estate industry to plan, invest and make decisions on a data-driven basis. It provides information on where charging points will be in demand in the future, how powerful they need to be and how much energy they require. The most important parameters are presented in maps: Among other things, they show how many plug-in electric vehicles can be expected in a specific municipality and how many generally accessible charging points will be needed. The key year is 2035, because by then plug-in electric vehicles will account for more than half of all registered vehicles. The data can be downloaded as geopackage files (.gpkg). All raw data (.csv file) from the “Understanding charging infrastructure 2050” study is also available, such as the performance and density of the charging network, the cumulative installed capacity of charging infrastructure and new car registrations. The data extends in five-year increments up to the year 2050 and is suitable for our own calculations. The assumptions for the various charging worlds are based on a stakeholder process underlying the “Understanding charging infrastructure 2050” tool. It represents the current industry consensus of various user groups and is updated regularly. The simulated data is the result of algorithms and the EBP model landscape. The raw data is not only available for municipalities, but also for around 8000 traffic zones and cantons. Many other attributes are also available, such as the energy charged per charging requirement, the availability of charging infrastructure at home or at work, the number of charging points per charging option and the installed charging capacity in buildings and at generally accessible charging points, as well as the performance of the generally accessible charging network. La biomasse est une ressource renouvelable pour l'énergie qui peut être transformée en plusieurs formes d'énergie : chaleur, électricité, biogaz ou combustibles liquides. La biomasse est principalement stockable et peut donc être utilisée pour compenser les fluctuations de la production d'énergie éolienne et solaire. Dans le cadre de la mise en oeuvre de la stratégie énergétique, le gouvernement suisse prévoit une augmentation massive de la part des énergies renouvelables. Le Centre de compétences suisse pour la recherche énergétique (SCCER) Biosweet (Biomass for Swiss Energy Future) cherche des solutions aux défis techniques, sociaux et politiques que pose la transition énergétique dans le domaine de la biomasse. L'institut fédéral de recherches sur la forêt, la neige et le paysage (WSL) a quantifié et localisé le potentiel d'importantes ressources de biomasse en Suisse, notamment en ce qui concerne leur disponibilité pour une exploitation durable. Les résultats sont utiles pour (i) optimiser les processus de conversion afin de tenir compte des développements technologiques et (ii) identifier les voies prometteuses d'utilisation de la biomasse et les meilleurs sites pour leur mise en œuvre. Les données (https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/swiss-biomass-potentials) et un rapport détaillé sont disponibles en ligne (https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A13277/datastream/PDF/Thees-2017-Biomassepotenziale_der_Schweiz_f%C3%BCr_die-%28published_version%29.pdf).

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    Геотермальне тепло у вигляді гідротермальної енергії вже використовується енергетично або в бальнеологічних цілях в Баварії. Показано колодязі термальних вод, зафіксовані в Баварській ґрунтовій інформаційній системі (BIS), класифіковані відповідно до їх використання. Геотермальне тепло у вигляді гідротермальної енергії вже використовується енергетично або в бальнеологічних цілях в Баварії. Показано колодязі термальних вод, зафіксовані в Баварській ґрунтовій інформаційній системі (BIS), класифіковані відповідно до їх використання. Ģeotermālo siltumu hidrotermālās enerģijas veidā jau izmanto enerģētiski vai balneoloģiskiem mērķiem Bavārijā. Tiek parādītas Bavārijas Augsnes informācijas sistēmā (BIS) reģistrētās termiskās ūdens akas, kas klasificētas pēc to izmantošanas. Ģeotermālo siltumu hidrotermālās enerģijas veidā jau izmanto enerģētiski vai balneoloģiskiem mērķiem Bavārijā. Tiek parādītas Bavārijas Augsnes informācijas sistēmā (BIS) reģistrētās termiskās ūdens akas, kas klasificētas pēc to izmantošanas. La chaleur géothermique sous forme d’énergie hydrothermale est déjà utilisée en Bavière sur différents sites énergétiques ou à des fins balnéologiques. Les forages d’eau thermale enregistrés dans le système d’information du sol bavarois (BIS) sont présentés, classés en fonction de leur utilisation. Geothermische warmte in de vorm van hydrothermische energie wordt al energetisch of voor balneologische doeleinden in Beieren gebruikt. De thermische waterputten die zijn geregistreerd in het Beierse bodeminformatiesysteem (BIS) worden weergegeven, ingedeeld op basis van het gebruik ervan. Erdwärme in Form hydrothermaler Energie wird in Bayern bereits an verschiedenen Standorten energetisch oder zu balneologischen Zwecken genutzt. Dargestellt sind die im Bayerischen Bodeninformationssystem (BIS) erfassten Thermalwasserbohrungen, klassifiziert nach ihrer Nutzung. Is-sħana ġeotermali fil-forma ta’ enerġija idrotermali diġà tintuża b’mod enerġetiku jew għal skopijiet balneoloġiċi fil-Bavarja. Il-bjar tal-ilma termali rreġistrati fis-Sistema ta’ Informazzjoni dwar il-Ħamrija tal-Bavarja (BIS) jintwerew, ikklassifikati skont l-użu tagħhom. Ciepło geotermalne w postaci energii hydrotermalnej jest już wykorzystywane energetycznie lub do celów balneologicznych w Bawarii. Pokazano studnie wód termalnych zarejestrowane w bawarskim systemie informacji o glebie (BIS), sklasyfikowane w zależności od ich wykorzystania. O calor geotérmico sob a forma de energia hidrotérmica já é utilizado energeticamente ou para fins balneológicos na Baviera. Os poços de água termal registados no Sistema de Informação do Solo da Baviera (BIS) são apresentados, classificados de acordo com a sua utilização. Căldura geotermală sub formă de energie hidrotermală este deja utilizată energetic sau în scopuri balneologice în Bavaria. Puțurile de apă termală înregistrate în Sistemul de informații privind solul bavarez (BIS) sunt prezentate, clasificate în funcție de utilizarea lor. Il calore geotermico sotto forma di energia idrotermica è già utilizzato energeticamente o per scopi balneologici in Baviera. I pozzi d'acqua termali registrati nel sistema di informazione del suolo bavarese (BIS) sono indicati, classificati in base al loro utilizzo.

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    Sellaisten aurinkosähköjärjestelmien sijainnit, joiden teho on kilowattip ja jotka saavat rahoitustukea uusiutuvia energialähteitä koskevan lain (EEG) mukaisesti. Amplasamentele sistemelor fotovoltaice cu putere în kWp, care beneficiază de sprijin financiar în conformitate cu Legea privind energiile regenerabile (EEG). A megújuló energiákról szóló törvény (EEG) értelmében pénzügyi támogatásban részesülő, kWp-ban kifejezett teljesítményű fotovoltaikus rendszerek helyszínei. Местоположения на фотоволтаични системи с мощност в kWp, които получават финансова подкрепа съгласно Закона за възобновяемите енергийни източници (EEG). Τοποθεσίες φωτοβολταϊκών συστημάτων με ισχύ σε kWp, τα οποία λαμβάνουν οικονομική στήριξη σύμφωνα με τον νόμο για τις ανανεώσιμες πηγές ενέργειας (EEG). Розташування фотоелектричних систем з потужністю в кВтп, які отримують фінансову підтримку відповідно до Закону про відновлювані джерела енергії (EEG). Sites d’installations photovoltaïques de puissance en kWp bénéficiant d’un soutien financier en vertu de la loi sur les énergies renouvelables (EEG). Fotovoltinių sistemų, kurių galia išreikšta kWp, vietos, kurioms teikiama finansinė parama pagal Atsinaujinančių energijos išteklių įstatymą (EEG). Tādu fotoelementu sistēmu atrašanās vietas, kuru jauda ir kWp un kuras saņem finansiālu atbalstu saskaņā ar Atjaunojamo energoresursu likumu (EEG). Suíomhanna na gcóras fótavoltach a bhfuil cumhacht acu in kWp, a fhaigheann tacaíocht airgeadais de réir an Achta um Fhuinneamh Inathnuaite (EEG).

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    Authors: Boer, Lukas;

    Diese Dissertation beantwortet verschiedene politikrelevante ökonomische Fragen in den Bereichen Handelspolitik, Geldpolitik, sowie Rohstoffmärkte und Energieökonomik mit Hilfe von strukturellen Vektorautoregressionsmodellen (SVAR). SVARs stellen eine effektive Möglichkeit dar, die Beziehungen zwischen verschiedenen makroökonomischen und/oder Finanzmarkt-Variablen zu modellieren und werden verwendet, um die dynamischen kausalen Effekte von ökonomischen Schocks zu schätzen. Für jede ökonomische Fragestellung wird eine Identifikationsstrategie angewandt, die auf die betrachteten Daten und ihre statistischen Eigenschaften sowie die zugrundeliegenden Annahmen über ökonomische Mechanismen zwischen den betrachteten Zeitreihen zugeschnitten ist. Im Einzelnen besteht diese Dissertation aus vier Kapiteln. In den ersten beiden Kapiteln werden die Auswirkungen von Handelspolitik auf Finanzmärkte und auf die Makroökonomie geschätzt. Das dritte Kapitel liefert einen methodischen Beitrag zur SVAR-Literatur, der in einer Anwendung zu den Effekten von Geldpolitik dargestellt wird. Das letzte Kapitel verlässt die Felder der Handels- und Geldpolitik und wendet sich Rohstoffmärkten und der Energiewirtschaft zu, stützt sich dabei aber ebenfalls auf Zeitreihenmethoden. Es analysiert die Rolle von Metallen in der Energiewende. This dissertation answers various policy relevant economic questions in the fields of trade policy, monetary policy, and commodity markets and energy economics using structural vector autoregression (SVAR) models. SVARs constitute a parsimonious way to model the relations between different macroeconomic and/or financial variables and they are used to estimate the dynamic causal effects of economic shocks. For each economic question, this dissertation applies an identification strategy that is tailored to the relevant data and its statistical properties as well as the underlying assumptions about economic mechanisms among the regarded time series. Specifically, this dissertation consists of four chapters. The first two chapters estimate the effects of trade policy on financial markets and on the macroeconomy. The third chapter makes a methodological contribution to the SVAR literature in an application to monetary policy shocks. The final chapter moves away from trade and monetary policy to commodity markets and energy economics but also relies on time series methods. It analyzes the role of metals for the clean energy transition.

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    Authors: Kruck, Christoph;

    Die Stromerzeugung aus Windenergie hat in den vergangenen Jahren, insbesondere unterstützt durch das Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz (EEG), stark zugenommen und belief sich im Jahr 2006 auf einen Anteil von rund 4,8 % an der Bruttostromerzeugung. Aufgrund des fluktuierenden Charakters der Windstromerzeugung ist die Integration und Einspeisung dieses Anteils in das Netz der öffentlichen Versorgung bereits heute mit teilweise erheblichen Problemen verbunden. Diese werden sich in Zukunft weiter verstärken, wenn der geplante Einstieg in die Offshore-Windenergienutzung wie geplant stattfindet und in den kommenden Jahren einige GW Leistung Offshore installiert werden. Grundsätzlich bieten sich zwei Lösungsansätze für die angesprochene Problematik an, die sich gegenseitig ergänzen: Zum einen können durch exaktere Prognoseverfahren die zu erwartenden Windstrommengen besser vorhergesagt und damit zugleich die Fahrpläne der konventionellen (Schatten-)Kraftwerke genauer erstellt werden. Der Bedarf an Ausgleichsenergie wird durch dieses Verfahren minimiert. Im Fall von Windflauten muss jedoch die gesamte nachgefragte Leistung durch konventionelle Kraftwerke bereitgestellt werden. Zum anderen kann durch den Einsatz von Speicherkraftwerken eine zeitliche Entkopplung von Energieangebot und –bedarf realisiert werden, indem in Zeiten hohen Windenergieangebots ein Teil des Windstroms zwischengespeichert wird und umgekehrt in Windflauten das Speicherkraftwerk die Strombereitstellung übernimmt. Mit Hilfe dieses Verfahrens erfolgt dementsprechend eine Anpassung des Angebots an die Nachfrage. Die vorliegende Arbeit konzentriert sich auf den zweiten Ansatz und entwickelt ein Simulationsmodell, mit dessen Hilfe ein Windpark-Speicher-System abgebildet und eine Vergleichmäßigung des Windstroms durch Integration verschiedener Speichertechnologen (diabates/adiabates Druckluft-Speicherkraftwerk, Pumpspeicherkraftwerk) simuliert wird. Ziel der Vergleichmäßigung ist die kontinuierliche Bereitstellung einer garantierten Leistung. Die verbleibenden Fluktuationen werden durch einen Abgleich mit der Nachfrageseite in Form der Netzlast berücksichtigt. Für unterschiedliche Systemvarianten werden sowohl die Stromgestehungskosten als auch die spezifischen CO2-Emissionen berechnet, um auf dieser Basis einen Vergleich der einzelnen Systeme zu ermöglichen. Grundlegende Parameter wie beispielsweise die energetische Speicherkapazität, die spezifischen Investitionskosten der Windenergieanlagen und des Speicherkraftwerks oder auch die Bezugskosten für Ausgleichsenergie werden anschließend in Form von Sensitivitätsanalysen und Parametervariation detailliert untersucht. Auf diese Weise können die unter konstant gesetzten Parametern gewonnenen Ergebnisse bestätigt bzw. kritisch hinterfragt werden, wobei insbesondere der Einfluss der verschiedenen Eingangsgrößen auf die Stromgestehungskosten im Detail analysiert wird. In der Folge werden vielversprechende Systemkonfigurationen unter dem Zielkriterium möglichst geringer Stromgestehungskosten identifiziert. Zudem wird geprüft, welche Anforderungen an die Kostenentwicklung speziell von Druckluft-Speicherkraftwerken zu stellen sind, um mit einem konventionellen Vergleichssystem konkurrenzfähig zu werden. Power generation from wind energy has increased significantly in the past years reaching 4.8 % of the gross power generation. This development was especially promoted by the re-newable energy law (Erneuerbares-Energien-Gesetz). The integration and feed-in of this power into the grid is associated with considerable problems as the wind power generation is characterised by its fluctuating nature. These diffi-culties will grow and accelerate if the planned wind parks in the North or Baltic Sea with some GW power are realised in the following years. In principle there are two methods of resolution for this kind of problem which com-plement one another: On the one hand it’s possible to develop better forecasting models in order to forecast the wind power generation more accurately. By this means also the operation of the conventional power plants can be planned more accurately. In the consequence the de-mand for balancing power is minimized. Nevertheless it’s inevitable to provide the total sum of demanded power in times of wind calms by conventional power plants. Concerning the second method the operation of storage facilities is involved in the system in order to realise a temporal decoupling of energy supply and demand. In times with high wind power generation the storage unit is filled and vice versa in wind calms the storage facility is able to provide power. Thus the supply side is adapted to the demand side. The following thesis focuses on the second method. A tool is developed, simulating the operation of a windpark-storage system, in order to equalise the wind power generation by the help of different storage technologies (diabatic/adiabatic compressed air energy storage, pumped hydro). The equalisation aims at the continuous supply of a guaranteed power. Re-maining fluctuations of wind power are considered by a comparison of demand and supply side, whereas the demand side is represented by the system load. The costs of generating electricity as well as the specific CO2-emissions are calculated for different configurations resulting in a comparison of the different systems. Following fun-damental parameters as the energy storage capacity, the specific investment costs of the wind power plants and the storage facility or the price of balancing power are examined in detail by the help of a sensitivity analysis. In so doing it is possible to confirm or to question the results calculated with fixed parameters. In this context especially the influence of different parame-ters on the costs of generating electricity is analysed. Finally promising system configurations with the aim of reducing the costs of generat-ing electricity are identified. Moreover the requirements concerning the reduction of invest-ment costs especially of compressed air energy storage systems in order to achieve competi-tiveness with a conventional system are examined.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
    Doctoral thesis . 2008
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      Doctoral thesis . 2008
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    Authors: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Erziehungswissenschaft. Kommission Grundschulforschung und Pädagogik der Primarstufe. Jahrestagung (30. : 2022 : Regensburg);

    Nachhaltige Bildung in der Grundschule kann unter mehreren Blickwinkeln betrachtet werden: In einem weiten Begriffsverständnis bezieht sich das Thema auf nachhaltige Bildungsprozesse im Sinne einer langfristigen Verfügbarkeit. Dies spielt für die Grundschule als erste Schule mit ihrem Auftrag der grundlegenden Bildung eine besondere Rolle. Gleichzeitig ist ein enges Begriffsverständnis mit eingeschlossen, welches die Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung aus einer ökologischen, ökonomischen und sozialen Perspektive betrachtet. Dabei zielt das Handeln auf eine nachhaltiger und gerechter gestaltete Gegenwart und Zukunft. Der vorliegende Band stellt Beiträge der 30. Jahrestagung der Kommission Grundschulforschung und Pädagogik der Primarstufe zusammen, welche im September 2022 in Regensburg stattfand und das Thema „Nachhaltige Bildung in der Grundschule“ adressierte. (DIPF/Orig.) Bad Heilbrunn : Verlag Julius Klinkhardt 2023, 471 S. - (Jahrbuch Grundschulforschung; 27)

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.25656/01...
    Book . 2023
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.25656/01...
      Book . 2023
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    The companies of the photovoltaic industry have experienced considerable growth in recent years. And further growth is forecasted for the coming years. By now, nearly two million single photovoltaic (PV) installations generate electricity from sunlight around the world. Thereby, the wafer-based PV products have a market share of about 80-85%. The interim shortage of silicon and the increasing cost pressure in the market give rise to ever thinner and larger wafers. Thus, the "PV Roadmap for Crystalline Silicon" of the German cell producers expects an average wafer thickness of 100 µm until 2020 and the next generation of wafer thickness in 2015. This trend brings about new challenges for the PV industry: due to the manual and automated handling in the manufacturing the silicon-based wafers are exposed to mechanical stress. If the wafers, however, become ever thinner they lose their mechanical stability and might form cracks when exposed to huge forces during the handling.These cracks, however, cause a higher breakage rate and are one of the main reasons for breakdowns of the finished modules. The damage-free handling of the very fragile silicon wafers will gain in importance due to the expected increase in the throughput. Therefore, the handling systems and components must not only handle the sensitive substrates as gently as possible but also with high speed and precision in the µm range. For this purpose, new adjusted handling components are required. This thesis aims at making a contribution to the optimal selection of handling components for the photovoltaic industry. The primary target is the development of an objective and vendor-independent evaluation procedure for grippers especially used in the cell and module manufacturing. The procedure to be developed should be suitable for cell, equipment and machine manufacturers as well as for component suppliers. Furthermore, the procedure should be applicable to identical and variable grippingprinciples. The result of the method should be the optimal decision guidance for the user and should enable an adequate and neutral classification of the tested gripper. Der enorme Ausbau der Produktionskapazitäten der Photovoltaik-Industrie in den vergangenen Jahren hat auch die Anforderungen an den Maschinen- und Anlagenbau erhöht. Die Automatisierung in der Fertigung von Solarzellen spielt dabei zur Sicherung von Qualität und Ausbeute und somit auch für die Kostenreduktion eine entscheidende Rolle. Die sich erhöhenden Materialtransportintensitäten zwischen den einzelnen Prozessschritten stellen dabei eine nicht zu vernachlässigende Herausforderung dar: Die zunehmend dünneren und fragilen Substrate bei verkürzten Zykluszeiten bringen insbesondere die Handhabung an deren physikalische Grenzen. Vor diesem Hintergrund gewinnt eine Bewertung der Leistungsfähigkeit von Handhabungskomponenten verstärkt an Bedeutung. Die Ausgangssituation zeigt, dass in der Zellfertigung aktueller Fertigungslinien insbesondere die greiferbasierte Handhabung mit Pick-and-Place-Charakter bereits parallel eingesetzt wird, um den hohen Durchsätzen gerecht zuwerden. Hierbei muss der Aufnahme- und Ablagevorgang so schnell und schädigungsarm durchgeführt werden, dass sowohl der geforderte Durchsatz, wie auch die erforderliche Qualität erreicht werden können. Durch diese Randbedingungen sind neue und erhöhte Anforderungen an die Greiferauswahl und die optimale Parametereinstellung des eingesetzten Greifers zu stellen. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt ein neues, angepassten Verfahren für die Leistungsbewertung von Greifern für Silizium-Wafer. Im Vordergrund steht die Entwicklung eines objektiven und herstellerunabhängigen Bewertungsverfahrens für Greifer, die insbesonders in der Zell- und Modulfertigung eingesetzt werden. Das zu entwickelnde Verfahren kann sowohl von Zellherstellern, Anlagen- und Maschinenbauern, aber auch von Komponentenlieferanten eingesetzt werden. Das daraus resultierende Ergebnis soll eine optimale Entscheidungshilfe für den Anwender darstellen aber auch eine adäquate, neutrale Klassifizierung der getestetenGreifer ermöglichen.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
    Doctoral thesis . 2014
    Data sources: Datacite
    https://dx.doi.org/10.24406/pu...
    Other literature type . 2014
    Data sources: Datacite
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.24406/pu...
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    Authors: Domnik, Tobias; Kälber, S.; Leible, L.;

    Im Rahmen der Globalisierung der Rohstoffmärkte, der Ausrichtung der Wirtschaft in Richtung Bioökonomie und der Energiewende gewinnt die Biomasse als Nahrungsmittel, Rohstoff und Energieträger für Deutschland zunehmend an Bedeutung. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde für Deutschland auf Basis der Außenhandelsstatistik ein Überblick über die derzeit mengen- und wertmäßig bedeutendsten Biomasseträger und deren Herkunftsländer erstellt, ausgehend von den Importen für das Jahr 2014.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ksp...
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ksp...
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