• Energy Research
• 11. Sustainability close
• 12. Responsible consumption close
• Energy Procedia close

AbstractIndoor environmental control has been proved to be critical for long-term preservation for artifacts in archaeology museums. However, it is usually a very energy intensive process to sustain a steady condition continuously throughout the year for the whole exhibition hall. In this study, an energy efficient strategy that only controls the local environment for the preservation area is proposed. A laboratory room with a funerary pit was constructed to simulate a large open exhibition hall. Experimental investigations using the test pit, with radiant panels and air curtain system for control of the local environment for the funerary pit, validated this management strategy for the preservation of relics in archaeology museums. The results show that using both an air curtain and a radiant heating system provides a feasible and energy-saving strategy for controlling the preservation environment independently.

AbstractSustainable energy has turned into one of the most promising ways to handle the challenges of energy demand problems of numerous consumers worldwide. Myanmar's energy consumption mainly depends upon traditional energy such as fuel wood, charcoal and biomass. The government had laid the energy policy guidelines and emphasized in renewable energy resources to replace traditional energy types. Although domestic conventional energy sources such as oil and natural gas have been increasing a little bit through discoveries and development, these does not satisfy the demand of the country. In this paper, the energy utilization and the present sustainable energy status are mentioned. Following that, completed projects by each sector are provided. The future plan for energy conservation is finally highlighted.

AbstractThe theme of sustainable development has increasingly impacted the spheres of Brazilian society and has contributed to greater awareness to the need of natural resources conservation as well as issues on how to continue promoting socio-economic development of regions. One of the key issues for sustainable development is the generation of electricity with more use of renewable sources and, therefore, less environmental degradation. In this scenario, historically, Paraná State of Brazil has been one of the largest producers of electricity in the country, almost entirely from hydraulic source, due to the large existing river basin in the state. However, the use of this source in Brazil is declining due to depletion of water potential and also the pressure of society with respect to environmental, social and economic impacts caused by damming of rivers and flooding of cities and areas to form large reservoirs. To overcome these limitations, other sources have been studied and used, such as biomass and wind. Photovoltaic generation has been contemplated in Brazilian government policies only to supply electricity with off-grid systems in remote locations. However, due to the recent Resolution 482/2012 of ANEEL (Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency), which establishes rules for micro and mini-generation of electricity, it is possible that consumers install grid connected photovoltaic systems up to 1 MWp, as have been widely used in the urban environment installed or integrated on roofs as a form of distributed generation, particularly in Europe, where counts with installed capacity in GW range, while in Brazil it counts only with a few MW. Given this new perspective of growth of the Brazilian photovoltaic electricity generation this paper presents the potential of solar photovoltaic power generation in Paraná State, Brazil, with a comparative analysis with the potential presented by some European countries. The presented solar and photovoltaic maps uses irradiation data obtained from SWERA project (Solar and Wind Energy Resources Assessment), which was coordinated in Brazil by National Institute for Space Research (INPE). The results of this analysis can contribute to development of public policies related to projects and researches in photovoltaic aiming to spread the use of this renewable energy source in Paraná.

AbstractEnergy is the biggest crisis to humanity in the future. Nowadays, most of the energy used on earth comes from oil, gas and coal. According to the recent exploring and consuming rates, the energy will be exhausted in 50-100 years. Whether we can solve the crisis is closely related to the survival of humanity on the earth. The irradiation from the sun is the biggest energy source. Building PV power plant to utilize the energy from sun will be an only way to sustain the life cycle on the earth. However, the development of PV power plants require the huge supply of PV cell and the fabrication process may bring a quantity of pollution and waste, which is harmful to the environment. On the other hand, super large PV power plant will occupy huge land. If the land cannot be explored and used reasonably, this will not benefit the human life either. In this article, we address the discussions about the above problems and propose the initial suggestions about development trend of PV industry and the safety operation mode of super PV power plant.

Abstract Renewable generation technologies (e.g. photovoltaic panels (PV)) are often installed in buildings and districts with an aim to decrease their carbon emissions and consumption of non-renewable energy. However, due to a mismatch between supply and demand at an hourly but also on a seasonal timescale; a large amount of electricity is exported to the grid rather than used to offset local demand. A solution to this is local storage of electricity for subsequent self-consumption. This could additionally provide districts with new business opportunities, financial stability, flexibility and reliability. In this paper the feasibility of hydrogen based electricity storage for a district is evaluated. The district energy system (DES) includes PV and hybrid photovoltaic panels (PVT). The proposed storage system consists of production of hydrogen using the renewable electricity generated within the district, hydrogen storage, and subsequent use in a fuel cell. Combination of battery storage along with hydrogen conversion and storage is also evaluated. A multi-energy optimization approach is used to model the DES. Results of the model are optimal battery capacity, electrolyzer capacity, hydrogen storage capacity, fuel cell capacity and energy flows through the system. The model is also used to compare different system design configurations. The results of this analysis show that both battery capacity and conversion of electricity to hydrogen enable the district to decrease its carbon emissions by approximately 22% when compared to the reference case with no energy storage.

AbstractUsing the industrial structure and energy consumption model as an example, this paper is aimed at exploring the relationship between industrial structure and the energy structure of Qingdao City. Studies show that industry, particularly heavy industry is the main component of Qingdao energy consumption. Accordingly, the Qingdao industrial structure should be adjusted; the tertiary industry should be encouraged, so that the proportion of heavy industry can be reduced.

AbstractUsing a low supply water temperature in heating conditions and a high water temperature during cooling can increase energy efficiency, use renewable energy sources, and provide a comfortable and healthy indoor climate. High temperature cooling and low temperature heating is achieved by reducing temperature difference in heat trans er and energy transportation process. The losses in temperature difference can be classified into three types: by heat/moisture exchange; by energy transportation through air/water circulation; by indoor terminal that releases heat/cooling to indoor condit oned space. The air handling process of HVAC system and indoor terminals are the key factor of reducing temperature differen e.Aiming at the losses in HVAC system, Annex 59, titled High Temperature Cooling & Low Temperature Heating in Buildings, is a new international cooperative work under the framework of International Energy Agency (IEA) Energy in Buildings and Communities (EBC). This paper introduc s the background, scope, objective, structure and deliverables of Annex 59. Annex 59 will try to present a new perspective and a new concept to analyze HVAC system in buildings. The goal of the Annex is to build up new concept of analyzing HVAC system from the perspective of reducing mixture loss and transfer loss and th n apply it in high temperature cooling and low temperature heating system.

Abstract The deeply decarbonized energy economy would be achieved by the efficient power generation and low-carbon end-use equipment and infrastructure, which relies on the fixed cost investments in these items. In this study, we calculated the societal costs by the incremental energy system costs, which are defined the cost of producing, distributing, and consuming energy in a decarbonized energy system. We assess the transformation of the energy system including the major changes in energy supply and end use technology and infrastructure and its related energy costs. The investments in the highly efficient end use of energy, decarbonization of electricity and other fuels including biomass, petroleum, coal, natural gas and switching of end uses to electricity and other low-carbon supplies are calculated. The primary results show that the reference case shows a modest 15% increase in total final energy use, a 9% increase in CO2 emissions relative to 2014 levels, while the deep decarbonization case shows a 20% decrease in total final energy use and an 65% reduction in total emissions. The total societal costs, calculated by summing these three categories costs can be used for assessing the expected cost to achieve the target of greenhouse gas emissions reduction, which can provide theory for implications of low-carbon technology and infrastructure changes for the energy economy and policy.