• Energy Research
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AbstractRepublic of Korea is the seventh largest CO2 emission country in 2010 and the third fastest country in the growth of CO2 emission according to the European Commission's Joint Research Center. To mitigate the effect of CO2 on the climate change and global warming, Korea should reduce the anthropogenic CO2 emissions from sources such as the power plants and iron works. So carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technology is regarded as one of the most promising reduction options. This study established the CO2 transport strategies from the sources to sinks (such as the saline aquifers and gas fields in the Southeast Sea of the Korean Peninsula) for the offshore CCS in Korea. Also the cost estimations were carried out with the CO2 transport strategies. The CO2 transport methods suggested in this study were pipelines for both onshore and offshore, and a complex concept consisting of a pipeline for the source to coast (including the liquefaction facility on a barge) and a CO2 carrier for the coast to sink (including the temporary storage near offshore sink). With respect to the onshore pipelines, it was desirable to construct the CO2 transport pipelines along existing roads and/or LNG (liquefied natural gas) pipelines, as already realized in the United Kingdom (UK) and the Australia CO2 transport chains because of the cost and environmental aspects. The CO2 carrier was considered for the offshore CCS demonstration stage starting in 2016 to meet the timeline set by the Korea National CCS Master Plan. To optimize the CO2 transport systems, the advantages and drawbacks for the CO2 transport using the pipeline and shipping were analysed and the costs for them were also estimated with the CO2 transport strategies. There were several factors to be considered before constructing the CO2 pipelines including the amount of CO2, the terrain, the diameter of pipe, the transport pressure, the CO2 quality, the transport temperature, the CO2 state (i.e. gas, liquid or supercritical phases), etc. Also for the CO2 shipping it should be considered such as the amount of CO2, the shape and capacity of CO2 cargo tanks, the ship capacity, the liquefaction pressure and temperature, the type of the temporary storage, etc. Although the present study is now on-going to optimize the CO2 transport infrastructure for the offshore CCS in Korea, the preliminary results show the CO2 transport cost for the pipeline system is lower than that for the shipping in the present status.

AbstractOffshore wind energy applications depend strongly on an improved knowledge of the physical processes taking place in marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL). In particular the better understanding of the complex interactions between wind shear, atmospheric stability and turbulence and the effects of wind-wave interactions on offshore vertical wind profiles are essential for the development of offshore wind projects. This paper presents an analysis of the relation between turbulence parameters, such as horizontal and vertical turbulence intensity, and turbulence kinetic energy and average vertical wind profiles and wind shear. The investigations are based on 4 years of wind lidar measurements on the small island of Storholmen in the Havsul area about 8km off the coast of the Norwegian mainland. The results show systematic dep endencies between the investigated turbulence parameters, both with respect to average wind speeds and average wind shear. The results indicate that in particular the horizontal turbulence intensity has the potential to act as a proxy for atmospheric stability in cases where corresponding temperature profiles are not available.

AbstractA parametric analysis for an innovative prototype of passive building, located in south Italy and for residential use, has been conducted to evaluate the thermal energy requirements for heating and cooling applications. The investigation was addressed by considering also the aspect of sustainability, by employing natural materials such as dry sand and wood fibre, and the correspondent effects on the energy performances of the envelope. These materials are usually available on site; they increase the building thermal capacity, which represents a crucial aspect for hot climates, and finally could even be reused after building disposal. The construction system based on the completely dry assembling technique makes the exploitation of the mentioned materials possible. The results of the parametric study were obtained by means of the Design Builder dynamic software, by investigating the glazed surfaces, the control of solar radiation and the exploitation of nocturnal free-cooling. A parametric study allowed for optimization of the envelope, by respecting the limit values of 15 kWh/m2 suggested by the standard passivhaus in its extended formulation for warm climates.

Abstract Carbon dioxide (CO2) is becoming an important commercial and industrial working fluid as a potential replacement of the non-environmental friendly refrigerants. For refrigeration and power systems, the minichannel heat exchangers are becoming attractive for transcritical CO2 Rankine cycle and supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle, due to their highly compact construction, high heat transfer coefficient, high pressure capability and lower fluid inventory. This paper employs three-dimensional numerical models to investigate the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of supercritical CO2 in minichannels. The models consider real gas thermophysical properties and buoyancy effect and investigate the effect of cross-section geometry on the thermohydraulic characteristics. Six minichannel cross-section geometries with the same hydraulic diameter of 1.22 mm are considered. The geometries include circle, semicircle, square, equilateral triangle, rectangle (aspect ratio = 2) and ellipse (aspect ratio = 2). The inlet temperature, outlet pressure and wall heat flux are 35 °C/75 bar/100 kW/m2 and 35 °C/150 bar/300 kW/m2 for heating conditions and 120 °C/75 bar/-100 kW/m2 and 120 °C/150 bar/-300 kW/m2 for cooling conditions. Comparisons of local Nusselt number and friction factor with those employed empirical correlations are made and useful information and guidelines are provided for the design of compact heat exchangers for supercritical CO2 power system applications.

AbstractDuring all planning stages of offshore projects, the assessment of the effects of adverse weather is essential. In order to address this problem, the WaTSS (Weather Time Series Scheduling) method and its application will be presented. The defined project schedule and the environmental data in form of weather time series are the input data.Three different case studies were carried out using one project schedule and different input time series. Within the first case, differences in the project progress due to minor differences in model and measurement data are displayed. In the second case, the effects of variations or uncertainty in the input time series are studied. Within the third case, the method is applied for a number of spatial distributed locations in the North Sea.

Separation processes based on adsorption show potential in the field of carbon dioxide capture and utilization or storage. Model- based process design is a powerful tool to fully exploit this potential. In order to get an accurate description of the behavior of the processes in a fixed bed, a reliable description of the equilibrium adsorption is necessary. In this work the potential of two types of zeolites, 13X and ZSM-5, is investigated in regards to their use in a temperature swing adsorption process for a post- combustion capture application. To this end, the single component adsorption equilibrium of CO2, N2, and H2O vapor is presented along with appropriate isotherms describing the data. This allows for a comparison of the two sorbents with respect to their cyclic CO2 adsorption capacity and selectivity for CO2. Additionally, the competition for adsorption sites between CO2 and N2 is investigated by applying the ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) to predict the binary adsorption equilibrium on both sorbents. These predictions indicate a very high selectivity of 13X for CO2, making this a very promising sorbent for temperature swing adsorption in a post-combustion capture environment, with the caveat that it also strongly adsorbs water vapor. This strong affinity for water vapor may imply that a flue gas stream would have to be dried before it enters the adsorption unit. 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, GHGT-12 Energy Procedia, 63 ISSN:1876-6102