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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2018Publisher:Verlag Klaus Seeberger Rosenberg, Dominique; Koring, Dustin; Pansegrau, Svenja; Rehling, Alexander; Busker, Maike; Jansen, Walter;doi: 10.25656/01:24703
Bei einer weiter zunehmenden Nutzung elektrischer Energie aus Wind- und Solaranlagen ist die Installation von wirksamen Speichersystemen unabdingbar. Neben Großakkumulatoren scheinen derzeit Redox-Flow-Batterien, über die hier berichtet wird, vielversprechende Systeme zu sein. (DIPF/Orig.) With a further increase in the use of electrical energy from wind and solar systems, the installation of effective storage systems is essential. In addition to large accumulators, redox flow batteries, which are reported on here, currently appear to be promising systems.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2019Publisher:Wiley-VCH Authors: Rosenberg, Dominique; Busker, Maike; Jansen, Walter;doi: 10.25656/01:24709
Redox-Flow-Batteries gelten als Hoffnungsträger zur Energiespeicherung beispielsweise in der Energiewende oder in der Elektromobilität. Dabei kommen vor allem Redox-Flow-Batterie mit anorganischen Elektrolyten in Pilotprojekten zur Energiespeicherung in Einsatz. Doch wie lassen sich Redox-Flow-Batteries mit einfachen Versuchsaufbauten in der Schule umsetzen? (DIPF/Orig.) Redox flow batteries are regarded as a beacon of hope for energy storage, for example in the energy transition or in electromobility. In particular, redox flow batteries with inorganic electrolytes are used in pilot projects for energy storage. But how can redox flow batteries be implemented in schools with simple experimental setups? (Authors)
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Report 2022Publisher:Zenodo Funded by:EC | FCH2RAILEC| FCH2RAILKonrad, Marcel; Pagenkopf, Johannes; J��ger, Victoria Carolin; Dittus, Holger; Dura, Georg; Garbar, Alexander; Maa��, Jan-Christoph;The project partners Duisport AG, the DLR Institute of Vehicle Concepts and the Center for Fuel Cell Technology (ZBT) have investigated the feasibility of locomotives with hydrogen fuel cell hybrid powertrains (FCH) for typical use by Duisport Rail (dpr) in the Duisburg port area and on the public rail network.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2019Publisher:Ural State Mining University Authors: A.V. ALEKSEEV; P.E. VERBILO;Relevance of the work. Estimation of the stability of free face is an important task due to the fact that part of headings of tube railroad is erected by mining, with the forehead of the face fixed manually, while indirect methods of forecasting engineering-geological and hydrogeological conditions before the forehead of the face indicate the presence of local softening and watering capable affect sustainability. Purpose of the work. Estimation of the zone of influence and the type of drainage of the element of heterogeneity on the stability of the tunnel face passed in the array of Proterozoic clays. Method and methodology. The finite element method used in the PLAXIS software package was chosen as the research method. The Hardening Soil Small Strain hardening soil model was selected as a geomechanical model of soil behavior. The design situations of deforming the unfixed forehead of the face approaching the water-saturated element of heterogeneity, are considered when simulating an element with a capacity of 1 and 4 m and changing the nature of water filtration along the element. Results of the work. When deformation properties of the calculated soil elements differ by 30% with the given level of groundwater, both in the case of drainage and nondrainability, an increase in displacements occurs when the tunneling face approaches the zone of influence of heterogeneity. The size of the zone of influence depends on the chosen type of drainage of the element of heterogeneity. Applicable scope of the results described in the paper. The results described in the paper (subject to determining the parameters of the model that meet the conditions of penetration) can be used to estimate the stability of the forehead of the tunnel face in the area of heterogeneity, which is the water supply canal. Conclusion. When designing construction of a linear underground facility in an area of heterogeneity, it is necessary to evaluate the stability of the forehead of the face using numerical modeling. When modeling an element of heterogeneity, it is necessary to take into account the degree of water saturation, the thickness of the element of heterogeneity and the nature of permeability of water along the element of heterogeneity.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2022Publisher:Philipps-Universität Marburg Authors: Görig, Florian;doi: 10.17192/z2022.0316
Wir werden in dieser Arbeit einen Weg zu einem Paradigmenwechsel in der Gebäudeautomation aufzeigen. Raumlufttechnische (RLT-)Anlagen nehmen eine zunehmend bedeutsame Rolle in der Klimatisierung von Gebäuden und deren Energieverbrauch ein. Klassische Ansätze in der Gebäudeautomation verwenden PID-Regler um einen stabilen, behaglichen und energieeffizienten Betrieb von RLT-Anlagen zu gewährleisten. Bei der Verwendung eines PID-Reglers wird eine Störung erst dann kompensiert, wenn sie bereits eine messbare Änderung z.B. der Raumtemperatur verursacht hat. Der Zeitpunkt vom Auftreten der Störung bis zur Feststellung ihres Einflusses auf das Raumklima ist entscheidend für die Geschwindigkeit, mit der die Regelung die Störung ausgleichen kann. Je langsamer die Detektion erfolgt, desto größer ist die Auswirkung der Störung und entsprechend z.B. Kosten oder Unbehaglichkeit bei Überhitzung des Raumes. Wir werden zeigen, dass es möglich ist, die Intensität einer auf thermischen Quellen basierenden Störung zu detektieren, ohne ihre Auswirkung auf das Raumklima abwarten zu müssen. Es wird dabei ein Indikator verwendet, welcher die Intensität der Wärmequellen abschätzt, basierend auf einer Auswertung eines hochfrequenten Signalanteils einer Temperatur- bzw. Luftgeschwindigkeitsmessung. Um diesen Indikator und das notwendige Grundlagenverständnis zu erlangen, untersuchen wir die relevanten Eigenschaften der thermischen Konvektion, wie sie unter behaglichen Bedingungen in der Raumklimatisierung auftreten können, anhand des Beispiels der Rayleigh-Bénard-Konvektion (RBK). Dabei wird eine rechteckige Geometrie in 2D bei Temperaturdifferenzen, die näherungsweise der Wärmeabgabe von Personen in Innenräumen nachempfunden sind, von unten beheizt und von oben gekühlt. Damit soll geprüft werden, ob in dem dabei entstehenden Strömungsfeld Strukturen erkennbar sind, anhand derer die Intensität der die Konvektion antreibenden Wärmequellen abgeschätzt werden kann. Die Konvektion unter den betrachteten Parametern zeigt ein deterministisch chaotisches Verhalten. Um die Eigenschaften dieses Verhaltens prototypisch und isoliert von sonstigen störenden oder zu spezifischen Einflüssen betrachten zu können, verwenden wir das Lorenz-Modell. Der Schwerpunkt der Untersuchung liegt dabei in der Verwendung verschiedener Ansätze aus dem Bereich der Zeitreihenanalyse und Statistik, um zu prüfen, welche Methode valide und numerisch kostengünstig für die Bildung des Indikators genutzt werden kann. Die Verwendung der Stichprobenstandardabweichung wird sich dabei als wichtiger erster Baustein herausstellen. Um die Auswirkungen der Geometrie, Messgröße sowie Auswertungsdauer bei der Bildung des Indikators besser beurteilen zu können, wird die RBK mit einer direkten numerischen Simulation (DNS) eingehend untersucht. Dabei wird sich zeigen, dass die Verwendung der Stichprobenstandardabweichung es ermöglicht, die Intensität der Konvektion mit einem linearen Ansatz und einer hohen statistischen Sicherheit abzuschätzen. Die theoretischen Erkenntnisse aus dem Lorenz-Modell und der DNS werden durch Messungen unter Laborbedingungen ergänzt. Dabei zeigt sich, dass eine Übertragung der Auswerteverfahren auf eine dreidimensionale Raumgeometrie unter Verwendung einer geeigneten Messtechnik möglich ist. Qualitative Übereinstimmungen zu den spezifischen Eigenschaften insbesondere im Unterschied zwischen einer Luftgeschwindigkeits- und einer Temperaturmessung zu den simulierten Daten unterstreichen die Güte dieser in der Breite durchgeführten Analyse. Abschließend werden wir zeigen, dass auch Personen als reale Wärmequellen mit dem Indikator detektiert werden können und es unter dieser Voraussetzung möglich ist, die Auswirkungen auf die Betriebssicherheit sowie die mögliche Kostenersparnis an einem Modell aufzeigen. In dem Modell wird der Indikator als Basis für eine neues Modellprädiktives (MP) Regelungskonzept angewendet. Dabei zeigt sich, dass sowohl eine Verbesserung der Regelgüte als auch eine Reduktion der Betriebsführungskosten realisiert werden kann. Die wesentliche Neuerung des Konzeptes besteht in der Reduktion des Schwierigkeitsgrades der Regelstrecke im Störfall. Dieser Ansatz bietet ein breites Anwendungsspektrum, dessen volles Potential es noch weiter zu erschließen gilt. In this paper we will show a way to a paradigm shift in building automation. Air handling units (AHU) play an increasingly important role in the air conditioning of buildings and their energy consumption. Classical approaches in building automation use PID controllers to ensure stable, comfortable and energy efficient operation of AHUs. When using a PID controller, a disturbance is not compensated until it has already caused a measurable change, e.g. in the room temperature. The time from the occurrence of the disturbance to the detection of its influence on the room climate is decisive for the speed with which the control can compensate for the disturbance. The slower the detection, the greater the effect of the disturbance and associated with it, for example, the cost as well as the discomfort of overheating a room. We will show that it is possible to detect the intensity of a disturbance based on a thermal source without waiting for its effect on the room climate. An indicator will be used to estimate the intensity of the thermal sources, based on an evaluation of a high-frequency signal component of a temperature or air velocity measurement. In order to obtain this indicator and the necessary basic understanding, we investigate the relevant properties of thermal convection, as they can occur under comfortable conditions in room air conditioning, using the example of Rayleigh-Bénard convection (RBC). A rectangular geometry in 2D is heated from below and cooled from above at temperature differences that approximate the heat dissipation of people indoors. The goal is to determine whether structures can be identified in the resulting flow field that can be used to estimate the intensity of the heat sources driving the convection. The convection under the investigated parameters shows a deterministic chaotic behavior. In order to be able to consider the properties of this behavior prototypically and isolated from other disturbing or too specific influences, we use the Lorenz model. The focus is on the use of different approaches from the field of time series analysis and statistics to test which approach can be used validly and numerically inexpensive for the formation of the indicator. The use of the sample standard deviation will be established as an important first building block. In order to better assess the effects of geometry, measured quantity as well as evaluation time in the formation of the indicator, the RBC will be investigated in detail with a direct numerical simulation (DNS). It will be shown that the use of the sample standard deviation allows to estimate the intensity of the convection with a linear approach with a high statistical confidence. The theoretical findings from the Lorenz model and the DNS will be complemented by measurements under laboratory conditions. It is shown that a transfer of the evaluation methods to a three-dimensional space geometry is possible by using a suitable measurement technique. Qualitative agreements on the specific properties, especially in the difference between an air velocity and a temperature measurement to the simulated data, underline the goodness of this broadly performed analysis. Finally, we will show that people can also be detected as real heat sources with the indicator and that, under this condition, it is possible to demonstrate the effects on operational safety and the possible cost savings on a model. In the model, the indicator is applied as a basis for a new model predictive (MP) control concept. It is shown that an improvement of the control performance as well as a reduction of the operation management costs can be realized. The main innovation of the concept is the reduction of the degree of difficulty of the controlled system in case of disturbance. This approach offers a wide range of applications, the full potential of which still needs to be further developed.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2019Publisher:TU Wien Authors: Homagk, Lisa-Maria;Die vermehrt aufkommenden Diskussionen zur resilienten Stadt sind vor allem gepr��gt durch globale Ph��nomene wie nat��rliche oder f��r nat��rlich gehaltene Katastrophen, sozio��konomische Krisen, den Klimawandel sowie die Zunahme der Verst��dterung. Sowohl hinsichtlich seiner Verursachung als auch seiner Folgen wird der Begri der Resilienz aus heterogenen Perspektiven definiert und in den wissenschaftlichen Diskurs eingebracht. In der deutschsprachigen sowie in der internationalen raumbezogenen Forschungslandschaft gibt es eine Reihe aktueller Publikationen zu urbaner Resilienz; jedoch nur wenige, die sich mit strategischen Steuerungsanforderungen befassen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird im Zuge der Diplomarbeit eruiert, ob urbane Resilienz ein brauchbares Konzept f��r die Steuerung der Stadtentwicklung sein kann. Mithilfe aktueller Ver��ffentlichungen aus der stadtbezogenen Resilienzforschung werden die abstrakten Merkmale der unterschiedlichen theoretischen Modelle mit konkreten Eigenschaften belegt und Kriterien zur Unterst��tzung einer resilienten Stadtentwicklung formuliert. Am Beispiel der Stadt Hamburg wird systematisch ��berpr��ft, ob und inwiefern bei der Stadtentwicklung die Leitidee der Resilienz explizit oder implizit verfolgt wird. Dabei werden relevante ��bergeordnete Stadtentwicklungsstrategien sowie ausgew��hlte Stadtentwicklungsprojekte untersucht und ma��gebliche StakeholderInnen befragt. Im Anschluss wird herausgearbeitet, welche Steuerungsanforderungen sich angesichts der unterschiedlich beteiligten StakeholderInnen der Hamburger Stadtentwicklung stellen. Urbane Resilienz ist keine neue Planungstheorie, die bisherige stadtplanerische Leitbilder abl��st; vielmehr ist sie eine F��higkeit des Systems Stadt und kann daher (neue) inhaltliche und konzeptionelle Aspekte zur Steuerung der Stadtentwicklung beitragen. The growing emergence of debates on resilient cities is dominated by global phenomena such as natural or as natural considered disasters, socioeconomic crises, climate change and increasing urbanisation. The concept of resilience is defined through heterogeneous perspectives, both in terms of its causation and its consequences, and introduced into the scientific discourse. There are a number of recent publications on urban resilience in the German-speaking and international spatial research landscape; however only a few that deal with strategic control requirements. Against this background, the diploma thesis investigates whether urban resilience can be a useful concept for managing urban development. Regarding to recent publications from urban resilience research, concrete characteristics are assigned to the abstract attributes of the dierent theoretical models. Further criteria for supporting a resilient urban development are formulated. Using the example of the city of Hamburg, it is systematically examined whether and to what extent the idea of resilience - explicitly or implicitly - is implemented in urban development activities. Relevant urban development strategies as well as selected urban development projects are investigated and relevant stakeholders surveyed. Subsequently, it will be elaborated which control requirements arise considering the stakeholders involved to varying extents in the urban development of Hamburg. Urban resilience is not a new planning theory that replaces previous urban planning policies; rather, it is an ability of urban systems and can therefore contribute (new) content and conceptual aspects to control of urban development.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2023Publisher:TU Wien Authors: Haidinger, Patrick Andreas Johannes;Die Durchströmturbine ist eine radiale Gleichdruckturbine, welche zweimal beaufschlagt wird. Das einströmende Wasser wird stoßfrei und mit hoher Geschwindigkeit dem walzenförmigen Trommelrad zugeführt. Dabei tritt der Freistrahl auf den Laufradschaufeln auf, durchquert das Laufrad und tritt auf den gegenüberliegenden Laufradschaufeln erneut auf. Aufgrund der einfachen und gleichzeitig robusten Bauweise wird die Durchströmturbine häufig bei Kleinwasserkraftwerken verwendet. Kleinwasserkraftwerke gewinnen mit dem Ziel der emissionsfreien Energiegewinnung immer mehr an Bedeutung - vor allem zur Deckung des Energiebedarfs bei Industrieunternehmen oder im Interesse des Umweltschutzes in Entwicklungsländern.Zur Leistungsbewertung der Durchströmturbine wird in dieser Arbeit eine numerische Strömungssimulation durchgeführt. Ausganglage dafür sind zur Verfügung gestellte Geometriedaten einer Versuchs-Durchströmturbine. Mit ANSYS ICEMCFD werden die Bereiche definiert sowie ein strukturiertes Netz generiert. Das vernetzte Modell wird in ANSYS FLUENT importiert und die numerische Strömungssimulation gestartet. Um vergleichbare Ergebnisse zu erhalten wird die Simulation für drei unterschiedliche Winkelgeschwindigkeiten durchgeführt: 20 rad/s, 25 rad/s und 35 rad/s. Zur Durchführung einer realitätsnahen Simulation ist die Auswahl der Randbedingungen von großer Wichtigkeit.Anhand der Simulationsergebnisse wird der Wasserlauf durch die Turbine visualisiert, der Wirkungsgrad bestimmt sowie die auf die Welle wirkenden Kräfte ermittelt. Die aus der Strömunssimulation erhaltenen Werte werden abschließend noch in das Muscheldiagramm der Versuchsturbine eingetragen und die Ergebnisse verglichen. The cross flow turbine is a radial impuls turbine, which is pressurized twice. The incoming water is fed shock-free and at high velocity to the drum-shaped impeller. The free jet hits the impeller blades, passes through the impeller and hits the opposite impeller blades again. Due to its simple yet robust design, the cross flow turbine is often used in small hydropower plants. Small hydropower plants are becoming increasingly important with the aim of emission-free energy generation - especially to meet the energy requirements of industrial companies or in the interests of environmental protection in developing countries.In order to evaluate the performance of the cross flow turbine, a numerical flow simulation is carried out in this work. The starting point for this is the geometry data provided for a test flow turbine. Using ANSYS ICEM CFD, the regions are defined and a structured mesh is generated. The meshed model is imported into ANSYS FLUENT and the numerical flow simulation is started. To obtain comparable results, the simulation is performed for three different angular velocities: 20 rad/s, 25 rad/s und 35 rad/s. To perform a realistic simulation, the selection of boundary conditions is of great importance.Based on the simulation results, the water flow through the runner is visualized, the efficiency is determined and the forces acting on the shaft are determined. Finally, the values obtained from the flow simulation are plotted on the turbine's Hill Chart and the results are compared.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis , Other literature type 2009Embargo end date: 21 Oct 2009Publisher:Technische Universität Dortmund Authors: Jörg Schlenger;Diese Dissertation untersucht den Gesamtprimärenergiebedarf von Bürogebäuden an 25 europäischen Standorten und den Einfluss der jeweiligen klimatischen Bedingungen mit Hilfe der Gebäudesimulation. Ein Überblick über bestehende Klimaklassifikationssysteme und Methoden des Gebäudevergleiches an verschiedenen Standorten wird gefolgt von der Definition eines repräsentativen Bürogebäude-Modells. Neben Gebäuden mit landestypischen Dämmstandards wurden auch Gebäude mit im Hinblick auf Dämmstandard und Fensterflächenanteil optimierten Fassaden untersucht. Korrelationen zwischen der geographischen Breite des Standortes, den klimatischen Bedingungen und dem Energiebedarf für Heizung, Kühlung, Lüftung und Beleuchtung wurden bewertet. Des Weiteren wurden der Einfluss latenter Kühllasten analysiert und die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf den Gebäudeenergiebedarf beispielhaft für zwei Standorte untersucht. Aus den Ergebnissen dieser Arbeit konnten ein europäischer Gebäudeeffizienz-Klimaindex (EBPCI) und eine entsprechende Klimaklassifikation (EBPCC) abgeleitet werden. This dissertation analyses the total primary energy demand of office buildings in 25 European locations and the impact of the respective climatic conditions by the means of building simulation. An overview of existing climate classification systems and methodologies for comparison of buildings in different locations is followed by the definition of a representative office building model. Besides buildings with typical insulation levels per country, buildings with optimised façades in terms of insulation level and window proportion have also been analysed. Correlations between the location’s degree of latitude, the climatic conditions and the energy demand for heating, cooling, ventilation and lighting have been evaluated. Furthermore, the impact of latent cooling loads has been analysed and the impacts of climate change on the building energy demand have been exemplified for two locations. From the findings in this work, a European Building Performance Climate Index (EBPCI) and a subsequent Classification (EBPCC) could be deducted.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Master thesis GermanyPublisher:Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen Authors: Strauch, Janine;The objective of this work is to examine the temporal and spatial variability of the climate types of China with regard to the climate shift that happened during the last century. Therefore, the climate types of China had to be defined with high precision. The method presented here is based on a non-hierarchical cluster analysis that allows us to define the climate types of China by an objective and statistical method. Thresholds were not defined prior to but after the analysis in order to describe areas covered by the same climate type and further to characterise the different regions by the chosen meteorological parameters. In addition to this, the cluster analysis allows us to define the climate types considering 7 parameters on the same level of classification. Using the significant trend analysis, climate change in China could be associated with the shifting of climate types during the last century. Summarizing the utility of cluster analysis and trend tests for the examination of climate change in China produced the following results: The shifting of climate types in China is mainly dominated by temperature which appears to correspond with the global warming process during the last century. Trend tests show a significant increase of the annual temperature for all analysed regions. Furthermore, well-known scientists have deduced a considerable increase of winter temperatures in China. Only the north-eastern regions show a significant influence of winter precipitation on the variability of climate types. Bisherige Arbeiten zur Klimaklassifikation Chinas verfolgen mehrheitlich die Ansätze effektiver Klassifikationsmethoden. Es fehlt bislang jedoch ein Ansatz, der versucht, den subjektiven Einfluss bei der Wahl der Grenzdefinitionen zu minimieren. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist eine Klassifikation des chinesischen Klimas unter Minimierung des subjektiven Einflusses durch die Anwendung des multivariaten statistischen Verfahrens einer erweiterten nicht-hierarchischen Clusteranalyse. Als Datengrundlage wird ein hochauflösender Rasterdatensatz (0,5° x 0,5°) der CLIMATE RESEARCH UNIT verwendet, der monatliche Mittelwerte für Temperatur und Niederschlag für einen 100jährigen Zeitraum von 1900 bis 2000 liefert. Auf der Basis einer erweiterten nicht-hierarchischen Clusteranalyse werden 12 Klimatypen für die VR China ermittelt. Für jeden Klimatyp werden Parametermittelwerte berechnet, die eine umfassende Definition der Einzelklimate ermöglichen.Die hiesige Arbeit ist die aktuellste Typisierung des chinesischen Klimas. Eine zusätzliche Untersuchung des zeitlichen Wandels ergab starke räumlich und zeitliche Schwankungen der Klimatypengrenzen, die im Hinblick auf rezente Klimaänderungen in China wichtige Anhaltspunkte liefern.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2022Publisher:TU Wien Authors: Andronic, Cristian;Die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels sind immer deutlicher bemerkbar und im städtischen Kontext haben diese einen direkten und spürbaren Effekt auf das menschliche Leben. Die städtische Bevölkerung, deren Anteil an der Weltbevölkerung in den nächsten Jahren noch weiter steigen wird, braucht einen angemessenen Grad an Schutz vor den extremen Hitzeeffekten. Die Stadtplanung kann Maßnahmen einsetzen, um bestimmten klimatischen Effekten entgegenzuwirken. Um diese Maßnahmen strategisch und gezielt umsetzen zu können, braucht es ein Set an analytischen Werkzeugen, mit deren Hilfe passende Zielgebiete und Standorte im öffentlichen Raum für Maßnahmen festgelegt werden können. In dieser Arbeit werden Wiener Zählgebiete mit der höchsten Hitzevulnerabilität identifiziert, um darin Teile des öffentlichen Raumes mit mangelnder Verschattung zu untersuchen. Diese Analyse, die aus zwei Schritten besteht, strebt an, den Übergang von dem gesamtstädtischen Bild auf das kleinräumige Detail zu schaffen. Im ersten Schritt werden physische und thermische Merkmale der Stadt mit demographischen Merkmalen der Bevölkerung kombiniert. Dadurch entsteht ein Bild der städtischen Hitze, welches die Vulnerabilität der Bevölkerung mitberücksichtigt. Der sogenannte Hitzevulnerabilitätsindex wird mit Hilfe einer GIS-Analyse für den gesamten Wiener Raum auf Zählgebiet Ebene berechnet. Anhand dieser Analyse werden in einem zweiten Schritt Zielgebiete festgelegt, an denen die Verschattung des öffentlichen Raumes untersucht wird. Durch die Einbeziehung von Gebäudemodellen, Bäumen und anderen Merkmalen des öffentlichen Raumes kommt eine 3D-GIS Verschattungsanalyse zur Anwendung. Es ergibt sich eine messbare Darstellung der Verschattung, anhand von welches passende Stellen für Verschattungsmaßnahmen identifiziert werden können. Ergänzend werden Handlungsempfehlungen für die Platzierung von Verschattungsmaßnahmen entwickelt. The effects of climate change are increasingly noticeable and in the urban context these have a direct and tangible effect on human life. The urban population, whose share of the world's population will continue to increase in the coming years, needs an adequate level of protection from the extreme heat effects. Urban planning can employ measures to counteract certain climatic effects. To implement these measures in a strategic and targeted manner, a set of analytical tools is needed to help identify appropriate target areas and locations in public space for measures. In this work, Viennese census tracts with the highest heat vulnerability are identified in order to investigate parts of the public space with a lack of shading in them. This two-step analysis strives to bridge the gap from the city-wide picture to the small-scale detail.In the first step, physical and thermal characteristics of the city are combined with demographic characteristics of the population. This creates a picture of urban heat that considers the vulnerability of the population. The so-called Heat Vulnerability Index is calculated using a GIS-analysis for the entire Vienna area at the census tract level. Based on this analysis, in a second step target areas are defined, in which the shading of public space is investigated. Using building models, trees and other features of the public space, a 3D GIS shading analysis is applied. The result is a measurable representation of the sun impact and of shading, which can be used to identify suitable locations for shading measures. In addition, recommendations for the placement of shading measures are developed.
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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2018Publisher:Verlag Klaus Seeberger Rosenberg, Dominique; Koring, Dustin; Pansegrau, Svenja; Rehling, Alexander; Busker, Maike; Jansen, Walter;doi: 10.25656/01:24703
Bei einer weiter zunehmenden Nutzung elektrischer Energie aus Wind- und Solaranlagen ist die Installation von wirksamen Speichersystemen unabdingbar. Neben Großakkumulatoren scheinen derzeit Redox-Flow-Batterien, über die hier berichtet wird, vielversprechende Systeme zu sein. (DIPF/Orig.) With a further increase in the use of electrical energy from wind and solar systems, the installation of effective storage systems is essential. In addition to large accumulators, redox flow batteries, which are reported on here, currently appear to be promising systems.
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visibility 190visibility views 190 Powered bymore_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2019Publisher:Wiley-VCH Authors: Rosenberg, Dominique; Busker, Maike; Jansen, Walter;doi: 10.25656/01:24709
Redox-Flow-Batteries gelten als Hoffnungsträger zur Energiespeicherung beispielsweise in der Energiewende oder in der Elektromobilität. Dabei kommen vor allem Redox-Flow-Batterie mit anorganischen Elektrolyten in Pilotprojekten zur Energiespeicherung in Einsatz. Doch wie lassen sich Redox-Flow-Batteries mit einfachen Versuchsaufbauten in der Schule umsetzen? (DIPF/Orig.) Redox flow batteries are regarded as a beacon of hope for energy storage, for example in the energy transition or in electromobility. In particular, redox flow batteries with inorganic electrolytes are used in pilot projects for energy storage. But how can redox flow batteries be implemented in schools with simple experimental setups? (Authors)
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visibility 99visibility views 99 Powered bymore_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Report 2022Publisher:Zenodo Funded by:EC | FCH2RAILEC| FCH2RAILKonrad, Marcel; Pagenkopf, Johannes; J��ger, Victoria Carolin; Dittus, Holger; Dura, Georg; Garbar, Alexander; Maa��, Jan-Christoph;The project partners Duisport AG, the DLR Institute of Vehicle Concepts and the Center for Fuel Cell Technology (ZBT) have investigated the feasibility of locomotives with hydrogen fuel cell hybrid powertrains (FCH) for typical use by Duisport Rail (dpr) in the Duisburg port area and on the public rail network.
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visibility 94visibility views 94 download downloads 81 Powered bymore_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2019Publisher:Ural State Mining University Authors: A.V. ALEKSEEV; P.E. VERBILO;Relevance of the work. Estimation of the stability of free face is an important task due to the fact that part of headings of tube railroad is erected by mining, with the forehead of the face fixed manually, while indirect methods of forecasting engineering-geological and hydrogeological conditions before the forehead of the face indicate the presence of local softening and watering capable affect sustainability. Purpose of the work. Estimation of the zone of influence and the type of drainage of the element of heterogeneity on the stability of the tunnel face passed in the array of Proterozoic clays. Method and methodology. The finite element method used in the PLAXIS software package was chosen as the research method. The Hardening Soil Small Strain hardening soil model was selected as a geomechanical model of soil behavior. The design situations of deforming the unfixed forehead of the face approaching the water-saturated element of heterogeneity, are considered when simulating an element with a capacity of 1 and 4 m and changing the nature of water filtration along the element. Results of the work. When deformation properties of the calculated soil elements differ by 30% with the given level of groundwater, both in the case of drainage and nondrainability, an increase in displacements occurs when the tunneling face approaches the zone of influence of heterogeneity. The size of the zone of influence depends on the chosen type of drainage of the element of heterogeneity. Applicable scope of the results described in the paper. The results described in the paper (subject to determining the parameters of the model that meet the conditions of penetration) can be used to estimate the stability of the forehead of the tunnel face in the area of heterogeneity, which is the water supply canal. Conclusion. When designing construction of a linear underground facility in an area of heterogeneity, it is necessary to evaluate the stability of the forehead of the face using numerical modeling. When modeling an element of heterogeneity, it is necessary to take into account the degree of water saturation, the thickness of the element of heterogeneity and the nature of permeability of water along the element of heterogeneity.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2022Publisher:Philipps-Universität Marburg Authors: Görig, Florian;doi: 10.17192/z2022.0316
Wir werden in dieser Arbeit einen Weg zu einem Paradigmenwechsel in der Gebäudeautomation aufzeigen. Raumlufttechnische (RLT-)Anlagen nehmen eine zunehmend bedeutsame Rolle in der Klimatisierung von Gebäuden und deren Energieverbrauch ein. Klassische Ansätze in der Gebäudeautomation verwenden PID-Regler um einen stabilen, behaglichen und energieeffizienten Betrieb von RLT-Anlagen zu gewährleisten. Bei der Verwendung eines PID-Reglers wird eine Störung erst dann kompensiert, wenn sie bereits eine messbare Änderung z.B. der Raumtemperatur verursacht hat. Der Zeitpunkt vom Auftreten der Störung bis zur Feststellung ihres Einflusses auf das Raumklima ist entscheidend für die Geschwindigkeit, mit der die Regelung die Störung ausgleichen kann. Je langsamer die Detektion erfolgt, desto größer ist die Auswirkung der Störung und entsprechend z.B. Kosten oder Unbehaglichkeit bei Überhitzung des Raumes. Wir werden zeigen, dass es möglich ist, die Intensität einer auf thermischen Quellen basierenden Störung zu detektieren, ohne ihre Auswirkung auf das Raumklima abwarten zu müssen. Es wird dabei ein Indikator verwendet, welcher die Intensität der Wärmequellen abschätzt, basierend auf einer Auswertung eines hochfrequenten Signalanteils einer Temperatur- bzw. Luftgeschwindigkeitsmessung. Um diesen Indikator und das notwendige Grundlagenverständnis zu erlangen, untersuchen wir die relevanten Eigenschaften der thermischen Konvektion, wie sie unter behaglichen Bedingungen in der Raumklimatisierung auftreten können, anhand des Beispiels der Rayleigh-Bénard-Konvektion (RBK). Dabei wird eine rechteckige Geometrie in 2D bei Temperaturdifferenzen, die näherungsweise der Wärmeabgabe von Personen in Innenräumen nachempfunden sind, von unten beheizt und von oben gekühlt. Damit soll geprüft werden, ob in dem dabei entstehenden Strömungsfeld Strukturen erkennbar sind, anhand derer die Intensität der die Konvektion antreibenden Wärmequellen abgeschätzt werden kann. Die Konvektion unter den betrachteten Parametern zeigt ein deterministisch chaotisches Verhalten. Um die Eigenschaften dieses Verhaltens prototypisch und isoliert von sonstigen störenden oder zu spezifischen Einflüssen betrachten zu können, verwenden wir das Lorenz-Modell. Der Schwerpunkt der Untersuchung liegt dabei in der Verwendung verschiedener Ansätze aus dem Bereich der Zeitreihenanalyse und Statistik, um zu prüfen, welche Methode valide und numerisch kostengünstig für die Bildung des Indikators genutzt werden kann. Die Verwendung der Stichprobenstandardabweichung wird sich dabei als wichtiger erster Baustein herausstellen. Um die Auswirkungen der Geometrie, Messgröße sowie Auswertungsdauer bei der Bildung des Indikators besser beurteilen zu können, wird die RBK mit einer direkten numerischen Simulation (DNS) eingehend untersucht. Dabei wird sich zeigen, dass die Verwendung der Stichprobenstandardabweichung es ermöglicht, die Intensität der Konvektion mit einem linearen Ansatz und einer hohen statistischen Sicherheit abzuschätzen. Die theoretischen Erkenntnisse aus dem Lorenz-Modell und der DNS werden durch Messungen unter Laborbedingungen ergänzt. Dabei zeigt sich, dass eine Übertragung der Auswerteverfahren auf eine dreidimensionale Raumgeometrie unter Verwendung einer geeigneten Messtechnik möglich ist. Qualitative Übereinstimmungen zu den spezifischen Eigenschaften insbesondere im Unterschied zwischen einer Luftgeschwindigkeits- und einer Temperaturmessung zu den simulierten Daten unterstreichen die Güte dieser in der Breite durchgeführten Analyse. Abschließend werden wir zeigen, dass auch Personen als reale Wärmequellen mit dem Indikator detektiert werden können und es unter dieser Voraussetzung möglich ist, die Auswirkungen auf die Betriebssicherheit sowie die mögliche Kostenersparnis an einem Modell aufzeigen. In dem Modell wird der Indikator als Basis für eine neues Modellprädiktives (MP) Regelungskonzept angewendet. Dabei zeigt sich, dass sowohl eine Verbesserung der Regelgüte als auch eine Reduktion der Betriebsführungskosten realisiert werden kann. Die wesentliche Neuerung des Konzeptes besteht in der Reduktion des Schwierigkeitsgrades der Regelstrecke im Störfall. Dieser Ansatz bietet ein breites Anwendungsspektrum, dessen volles Potential es noch weiter zu erschließen gilt. In this paper we will show a way to a paradigm shift in building automation. Air handling units (AHU) play an increasingly important role in the air conditioning of buildings and their energy consumption. Classical approaches in building automation use PID controllers to ensure stable, comfortable and energy efficient operation of AHUs. When using a PID controller, a disturbance is not compensated until it has already caused a measurable change, e.g. in the room temperature. The time from the occurrence of the disturbance to the detection of its influence on the room climate is decisive for the speed with which the control can compensate for the disturbance. The slower the detection, the greater the effect of the disturbance and associated with it, for example, the cost as well as the discomfort of overheating a room. We will show that it is possible to detect the intensity of a disturbance based on a thermal source without waiting for its effect on the room climate. An indicator will be used to estimate the intensity of the thermal sources, based on an evaluation of a high-frequency signal component of a temperature or air velocity measurement. In order to obtain this indicator and the necessary basic understanding, we investigate the relevant properties of thermal convection, as they can occur under comfortable conditions in room air conditioning, using the example of Rayleigh-Bénard convection (RBC). A rectangular geometry in 2D is heated from below and cooled from above at temperature differences that approximate the heat dissipation of people indoors. The goal is to determine whether structures can be identified in the resulting flow field that can be used to estimate the intensity of the heat sources driving the convection. The convection under the investigated parameters shows a deterministic chaotic behavior. In order to be able to consider the properties of this behavior prototypically and isolated from other disturbing or too specific influences, we use the Lorenz model. The focus is on the use of different approaches from the field of time series analysis and statistics to test which approach can be used validly and numerically inexpensive for the formation of the indicator. The use of the sample standard deviation will be established as an important first building block. In order to better assess the effects of geometry, measured quantity as well as evaluation time in the formation of the indicator, the RBC will be investigated in detail with a direct numerical simulation (DNS). It will be shown that the use of the sample standard deviation allows to estimate the intensity of the convection with a linear approach with a high statistical confidence. The theoretical findings from the Lorenz model and the DNS will be complemented by measurements under laboratory conditions. It is shown that a transfer of the evaluation methods to a three-dimensional space geometry is possible by using a suitable measurement technique. Qualitative agreements on the specific properties, especially in the difference between an air velocity and a temperature measurement to the simulated data, underline the goodness of this broadly performed analysis. Finally, we will show that people can also be detected as real heat sources with the indicator and that, under this condition, it is possible to demonstrate the effects on operational safety and the possible cost savings on a model. In the model, the indicator is applied as a basis for a new model predictive (MP) control concept. It is shown that an improvement of the control performance as well as a reduction of the operation management costs can be realized. The main innovation of the concept is the reduction of the degree of difficulty of the controlled system in case of disturbance. This approach offers a wide range of applications, the full potential of which still needs to be further developed.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2019Publisher:TU Wien Authors: Homagk, Lisa-Maria;Die vermehrt aufkommenden Diskussionen zur resilienten Stadt sind vor allem gepr��gt durch globale Ph��nomene wie nat��rliche oder f��r nat��rlich gehaltene Katastrophen, sozio��konomische Krisen, den Klimawandel sowie die Zunahme der Verst��dterung. Sowohl hinsichtlich seiner Verursachung als auch seiner Folgen wird der Begri der Resilienz aus heterogenen Perspektiven definiert und in den wissenschaftlichen Diskurs eingebracht. In der deutschsprachigen sowie in der internationalen raumbezogenen Forschungslandschaft gibt es eine Reihe aktueller Publikationen zu urbaner Resilienz; jedoch nur wenige, die sich mit strategischen Steuerungsanforderungen befassen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird im Zuge der Diplomarbeit eruiert, ob urbane Resilienz ein brauchbares Konzept f��r die Steuerung der Stadtentwicklung sein kann. Mithilfe aktueller Ver��ffentlichungen aus der stadtbezogenen Resilienzforschung werden die abstrakten Merkmale der unterschiedlichen theoretischen Modelle mit konkreten Eigenschaften belegt und Kriterien zur Unterst��tzung einer resilienten Stadtentwicklung formuliert. Am Beispiel der Stadt Hamburg wird systematisch ��berpr��ft, ob und inwiefern bei der Stadtentwicklung die Leitidee der Resilienz explizit oder implizit verfolgt wird. Dabei werden relevante ��bergeordnete Stadtentwicklungsstrategien sowie ausgew��hlte Stadtentwicklungsprojekte untersucht und ma��gebliche StakeholderInnen befragt. Im Anschluss wird herausgearbeitet, welche Steuerungsanforderungen sich angesichts der unterschiedlich beteiligten StakeholderInnen der Hamburger Stadtentwicklung stellen. Urbane Resilienz ist keine neue Planungstheorie, die bisherige stadtplanerische Leitbilder abl��st; vielmehr ist sie eine F��higkeit des Systems Stadt und kann daher (neue) inhaltliche und konzeptionelle Aspekte zur Steuerung der Stadtentwicklung beitragen. The growing emergence of debates on resilient cities is dominated by global phenomena such as natural or as natural considered disasters, socioeconomic crises, climate change and increasing urbanisation. The concept of resilience is defined through heterogeneous perspectives, both in terms of its causation and its consequences, and introduced into the scientific discourse. There are a number of recent publications on urban resilience in the German-speaking and international spatial research landscape; however only a few that deal with strategic control requirements. Against this background, the diploma thesis investigates whether urban resilience can be a useful concept for managing urban development. Regarding to recent publications from urban resilience research, concrete characteristics are assigned to the abstract attributes of the dierent theoretical models. Further criteria for supporting a resilient urban development are formulated. Using the example of the city of Hamburg, it is systematically examined whether and to what extent the idea of resilience - explicitly or implicitly - is implemented in urban development activities. Relevant urban development strategies as well as selected urban development projects are investigated and relevant stakeholders surveyed. Subsequently, it will be elaborated which control requirements arise considering the stakeholders involved to varying extents in the urban development of Hamburg. Urban resilience is not a new planning theory that replaces previous urban planning policies; rather, it is an ability of urban systems and can therefore contribute (new) content and conceptual aspects to control of urban development.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2023Publisher:TU Wien Authors: Haidinger, Patrick Andreas Johannes;Die Durchströmturbine ist eine radiale Gleichdruckturbine, welche zweimal beaufschlagt wird. Das einströmende Wasser wird stoßfrei und mit hoher Geschwindigkeit dem walzenförmigen Trommelrad zugeführt. Dabei tritt der Freistrahl auf den Laufradschaufeln auf, durchquert das Laufrad und tritt auf den gegenüberliegenden Laufradschaufeln erneut auf. Aufgrund der einfachen und gleichzeitig robusten Bauweise wird die Durchströmturbine häufig bei Kleinwasserkraftwerken verwendet. Kleinwasserkraftwerke gewinnen mit dem Ziel der emissionsfreien Energiegewinnung immer mehr an Bedeutung - vor allem zur Deckung des Energiebedarfs bei Industrieunternehmen oder im Interesse des Umweltschutzes in Entwicklungsländern.Zur Leistungsbewertung der Durchströmturbine wird in dieser Arbeit eine numerische Strömungssimulation durchgeführt. Ausganglage dafür sind zur Verfügung gestellte Geometriedaten einer Versuchs-Durchströmturbine. Mit ANSYS ICEMCFD werden die Bereiche definiert sowie ein strukturiertes Netz generiert. Das vernetzte Modell wird in ANSYS FLUENT importiert und die numerische Strömungssimulation gestartet. Um vergleichbare Ergebnisse zu erhalten wird die Simulation für drei unterschiedliche Winkelgeschwindigkeiten durchgeführt: 20 rad/s, 25 rad/s und 35 rad/s. Zur Durchführung einer realitätsnahen Simulation ist die Auswahl der Randbedingungen von großer Wichtigkeit.Anhand der Simulationsergebnisse wird der Wasserlauf durch die Turbine visualisiert, der Wirkungsgrad bestimmt sowie die auf die Welle wirkenden Kräfte ermittelt. Die aus der Strömunssimulation erhaltenen Werte werden abschließend noch in das Muscheldiagramm der Versuchsturbine eingetragen und die Ergebnisse verglichen. The cross flow turbine is a radial impuls turbine, which is pressurized twice. The incoming water is fed shock-free and at high velocity to the drum-shaped impeller. The free jet hits the impeller blades, passes through the impeller and hits the opposite impeller blades again. Due to its simple yet robust design, the cross flow turbine is often used in small hydropower plants. Small hydropower plants are becoming increasingly important with the aim of emission-free energy generation - especially to meet the energy requirements of industrial companies or in the interests of environmental protection in developing countries.In order to evaluate the performance of the cross flow turbine, a numerical flow simulation is carried out in this work. The starting point for this is the geometry data provided for a test flow turbine. Using ANSYS ICEM CFD, the regions are defined and a structured mesh is generated. The meshed model is imported into ANSYS FLUENT and the numerical flow simulation is started. To obtain comparable results, the simulation is performed for three different angular velocities: 20 rad/s, 25 rad/s und 35 rad/s. To perform a realistic simulation, the selection of boundary conditions is of great importance.Based on the simulation results, the water flow through the runner is visualized, the efficiency is determined and the forces acting on the shaft are determined. Finally, the values obtained from the flow simulation are plotted on the turbine's Hill Chart and the results are compared.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis , Other literature type 2009Embargo end date: 21 Oct 2009Publisher:Technische Universität Dortmund Authors: Jörg Schlenger;Diese Dissertation untersucht den Gesamtprimärenergiebedarf von Bürogebäuden an 25 europäischen Standorten und den Einfluss der jeweiligen klimatischen Bedingungen mit Hilfe der Gebäudesimulation. Ein Überblick über bestehende Klimaklassifikationssysteme und Methoden des Gebäudevergleiches an verschiedenen Standorten wird gefolgt von der Definition eines repräsentativen Bürogebäude-Modells. Neben Gebäuden mit landestypischen Dämmstandards wurden auch Gebäude mit im Hinblick auf Dämmstandard und Fensterflächenanteil optimierten Fassaden untersucht. Korrelationen zwischen der geographischen Breite des Standortes, den klimatischen Bedingungen und dem Energiebedarf für Heizung, Kühlung, Lüftung und Beleuchtung wurden bewertet. Des Weiteren wurden der Einfluss latenter Kühllasten analysiert und die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf den Gebäudeenergiebedarf beispielhaft für zwei Standorte untersucht. Aus den Ergebnissen dieser Arbeit konnten ein europäischer Gebäudeeffizienz-Klimaindex (EBPCI) und eine entsprechende Klimaklassifikation (EBPCC) abgeleitet werden. This dissertation analyses the total primary energy demand of office buildings in 25 European locations and the impact of the respective climatic conditions by the means of building simulation. An overview of existing climate classification systems and methodologies for comparison of buildings in different locations is followed by the definition of a representative office building model. Besides buildings with typical insulation levels per country, buildings with optimised façades in terms of insulation level and window proportion have also been analysed. Correlations between the location’s degree of latitude, the climatic conditions and the energy demand for heating, cooling, ventilation and lighting have been evaluated. Furthermore, the impact of latent cooling loads has been analysed and the impacts of climate change on the building energy demand have been exemplified for two locations. From the findings in this work, a European Building Performance Climate Index (EBPCI) and a subsequent Classification (EBPCC) could be deducted.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Master thesis GermanyPublisher:Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen Authors: Strauch, Janine;The objective of this work is to examine the temporal and spatial variability of the climate types of China with regard to the climate shift that happened during the last century. Therefore, the climate types of China had to be defined with high precision. The method presented here is based on a non-hierarchical cluster analysis that allows us to define the climate types of China by an objective and statistical method. Thresholds were not defined prior to but after the analysis in order to describe areas covered by the same climate type and further to characterise the different regions by the chosen meteorological parameters. In addition to this, the cluster analysis allows us to define the climate types considering 7 parameters on the same level of classification. Using the significant trend analysis, climate change in China could be associated with the shifting of climate types during the last century. Summarizing the utility of cluster analysis and trend tests for the examination of climate change in China produced the following results: The shifting of climate types in China is mainly dominated by temperature which appears to correspond with the global warming process during the last century. Trend tests show a significant increase of the annual temperature for all analysed regions. Furthermore, well-known scientists have deduced a considerable increase of winter temperatures in China. Only the north-eastern regions show a significant influence of winter precipitation on the variability of climate types. Bisherige Arbeiten zur Klimaklassifikation Chinas verfolgen mehrheitlich die Ansätze effektiver Klassifikationsmethoden. Es fehlt bislang jedoch ein Ansatz, der versucht, den subjektiven Einfluss bei der Wahl der Grenzdefinitionen zu minimieren. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist eine Klassifikation des chinesischen Klimas unter Minimierung des subjektiven Einflusses durch die Anwendung des multivariaten statistischen Verfahrens einer erweiterten nicht-hierarchischen Clusteranalyse. Als Datengrundlage wird ein hochauflösender Rasterdatensatz (0,5° x 0,5°) der CLIMATE RESEARCH UNIT verwendet, der monatliche Mittelwerte für Temperatur und Niederschlag für einen 100jährigen Zeitraum von 1900 bis 2000 liefert. Auf der Basis einer erweiterten nicht-hierarchischen Clusteranalyse werden 12 Klimatypen für die VR China ermittelt. Für jeden Klimatyp werden Parametermittelwerte berechnet, die eine umfassende Definition der Einzelklimate ermöglichen.Die hiesige Arbeit ist die aktuellste Typisierung des chinesischen Klimas. Eine zusätzliche Untersuchung des zeitlichen Wandels ergab starke räumlich und zeitliche Schwankungen der Klimatypengrenzen, die im Hinblick auf rezente Klimaänderungen in China wichtige Anhaltspunkte liefern.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2022Publisher:TU Wien Authors: Andronic, Cristian;Die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels sind immer deutlicher bemerkbar und im städtischen Kontext haben diese einen direkten und spürbaren Effekt auf das menschliche Leben. Die städtische Bevölkerung, deren Anteil an der Weltbevölkerung in den nächsten Jahren noch weiter steigen wird, braucht einen angemessenen Grad an Schutz vor den extremen Hitzeeffekten. Die Stadtplanung kann Maßnahmen einsetzen, um bestimmten klimatischen Effekten entgegenzuwirken. Um diese Maßnahmen strategisch und gezielt umsetzen zu können, braucht es ein Set an analytischen Werkzeugen, mit deren Hilfe passende Zielgebiete und Standorte im öffentlichen Raum für Maßnahmen festgelegt werden können. In dieser Arbeit werden Wiener Zählgebiete mit der höchsten Hitzevulnerabilität identifiziert, um darin Teile des öffentlichen Raumes mit mangelnder Verschattung zu untersuchen. Diese Analyse, die aus zwei Schritten besteht, strebt an, den Übergang von dem gesamtstädtischen Bild auf das kleinräumige Detail zu schaffen. Im ersten Schritt werden physische und thermische Merkmale der Stadt mit demographischen Merkmalen der Bevölkerung kombiniert. Dadurch entsteht ein Bild der städtischen Hitze, welches die Vulnerabilität der Bevölkerung mitberücksichtigt. Der sogenannte Hitzevulnerabilitätsindex wird mit Hilfe einer GIS-Analyse für den gesamten Wiener Raum auf Zählgebiet Ebene berechnet. Anhand dieser Analyse werden in einem zweiten Schritt Zielgebiete festgelegt, an denen die Verschattung des öffentlichen Raumes untersucht wird. Durch die Einbeziehung von Gebäudemodellen, Bäumen und anderen Merkmalen des öffentlichen Raumes kommt eine 3D-GIS Verschattungsanalyse zur Anwendung. Es ergibt sich eine messbare Darstellung der Verschattung, anhand von welches passende Stellen für Verschattungsmaßnahmen identifiziert werden können. Ergänzend werden Handlungsempfehlungen für die Platzierung von Verschattungsmaßnahmen entwickelt. The effects of climate change are increasingly noticeable and in the urban context these have a direct and tangible effect on human life. The urban population, whose share of the world's population will continue to increase in the coming years, needs an adequate level of protection from the extreme heat effects. Urban planning can employ measures to counteract certain climatic effects. To implement these measures in a strategic and targeted manner, a set of analytical tools is needed to help identify appropriate target areas and locations in public space for measures. In this work, Viennese census tracts with the highest heat vulnerability are identified in order to investigate parts of the public space with a lack of shading in them. This two-step analysis strives to bridge the gap from the city-wide picture to the small-scale detail.In the first step, physical and thermal characteristics of the city are combined with demographic characteristics of the population. This creates a picture of urban heat that considers the vulnerability of the population. The so-called Heat Vulnerability Index is calculated using a GIS-analysis for the entire Vienna area at the census tract level. Based on this analysis, in a second step target areas are defined, in which the shading of public space is investigated. Using building models, trees and other features of the public space, a 3D GIS shading analysis is applied. The result is a measurable representation of the sun impact and of shading, which can be used to identify suitable locations for shading measures. In addition, recommendations for the placement of shading measures are developed.
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