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The phenomenon of global warming which is accompanied by climate changed, is the real threat to the community in the present and future. Indonesia is one of the most vulnerable countries affected by climate change. Tasikmalaya is the district with rank of hazard indexes is 5th in Indonesia. Sub district Salawu in Tasikmalaya district is a disaster-prone districts. One kampong in Salawu which still holds strong culture and customs is Kampung Naga. The aim of the study were analyzed potential disaster that related of climate change in Kampung Naga, and analyzed the the abilities of Kampung Naga community in mitigating disaster of climate change. The study used a qualitative descriptive analysis method. Potential disaster analyzed qualitatively based on condition of geomorphologi and location. Disaster mitigation capabilities were analyzed qualitatively from customs. Based on geomorphologi condition and location, hazards of climate change that could potentially be disastrous in Kampung Naga were landslide and floods. The abilities of Kampung Naga community in disaster mitigation of climate change, is affected by the traditional wisdom that was reflected from forest conservation, building, infrastructure and spatial patterns of kampong which could prevent landslide and flood. Fenomena pemanasan gobal yang diiringi dengan terjadinya Perubahan iklim, merupakan ancaman nyata bagi masyarakat di masa kini dan yang akan datang.Indonesia merupakan salah satunegara yang rentan terkena dampak Perubahan iklim. Kabupaten Tasikmalaya menduduki urutan kelima peringkat indeks rawan bencana di Indonesia. Kecamatan Salawu di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya rawan bencana. Kampung Naga adalah kampung yang masih memegang kuat budaya dan adat di Kecamatan Salawu. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis potensi bencana terkait Perubahan iklim di Kampung Naga dan menganalisis kemampuan mitigasi bencana masyarakat Kampung Naga terhadap Perubahan iklim. Penelitian ini menggunakan metoda analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Potensi bencana dianalisis secara kualitatif berdasarkan kondisi geomorfologi dan lokasi kampung. Kemampuan mitigasi bencana dianalisis secara kualitatif berdasarkan adat istiadat. Bahaya akibat Perubahan iklim yang berpotensi menjadi bencana di Kampung Naga adalah tanah longsor dan banjir. Kemampuan mitigasi bencana masyarakat Kampung Naga terhadap Perubahan iklim dipengaruhi kearifan tradisional yang tercermin dari konservasi hutan, bangunan, infrastruktur dan pola ruang kampung yang dapat mengurangi ancaman bencanatanah longsor dan banjir.

The electrical energy is one of the important needs for coastal communities particularly in small islands that has not reached by national electricity network. In order to fulfill this particular electricity needs, we do variety diversification efforts, such as the utilization of the ocean currents. The purpose of this survey is to recognize the morphology of seafloor and characteristic of hydro-oceanography as a fixed reference location in using the current energy. The study area is in the Larantuka Strait between Flores and Adonara islands which is part of the Flores Strait, East Nusatenggara Province. The methods of this study are current measurements, tidal and meteorological parameter observations, condition of coastal morphology and seafloor of the study area. The result show that, the location for turbine position is in area with relatively gentle slope morphology at a 20 meters water depth and it is close to local community. Based on the analysis of ADCP mobile current measurement, the minimum current velocity is 0.004 m/sec and maximum 3.68 m/sec. Whereas, from the ADCP static measurements the current velocity is from 0.002 m/sec to 2.83 m/sec. This condition is closely related to the semi-diurnal tide type in the study area, with two pairs of flood and web events within 24 hours. Therefore, the results of ocean current energy analysis indicate that the study area is very potential for using as a power plant location.

Agroindustries in general produce a large amount of organic wastewater. Until now, most of this organics waste-stream was not recovered and left to decompose anaerobically in ponds, where it emits methane, a potent greenhouse gas. By anaerobically digesting of the effluents in a suitable bioreactor, methane can be captured and used for combustion in gas engines or boilers. This way, uncontrolled methane emission from the anaerobic decomposition can be avoided and the utilization of fossil fuels can be replaced partly with the renewable biogas from the decomposition process. In addition, the approach of reducing green house gas emission is potentially to earn financial incentive through Clean Development Mechanism project. This paper demonstrates quantitatively some potential ecological and economical benefits derived from utilising agroindustrial effluents by treating it anaerobically to generate biogas (with cases of cane sugar factory, starch industry, palm oil mill, and tofu industry) . As illustration, for each ton cane sugar produced app. 15 m3 methane can be emitted from uncontrolled anaerobic degradation of it wastewater. By capturing the gas and transforming it into renewable biogas, a methane emission of equivalent to ≈ 272 kg CO2 can be avoided and an energy value of app. 427 MJ with a money value of app. Rp 59 600,- can be obtained. In addition, a financial incentive of app. Rp 14 850,- is possible to be earned from clean development mechanism (CDM) project. The ecological and financial benefits derived from anaerobic treatment of agroindustrial wastewater as indicated by this study should therefore become the driving force for the implementation of the approach.

There were two kinds of monsoon winds in Indonesia. They are the east and the west monsoon winds. Both of them blow alternately in a year through the Indonesian territory. The velocity and energy of monsoon winds in Indonesian territorial sea were mapped by using MatLab program. The velocity and energy data were obtained by using QuikSCAT satellite from January 1999 until December 2009, meanwhile WindSat from January 2004 until December 2014. The results show that high energy of monsoon winds start from Indian oceans until Nusa Tenggara sea, then from Arafuru sea to Banda sea, Java sea, Karimata strait and the southern region of south Sulawesi.

Energy is needed by people but sooner or later the world's oil reserves will be depleted. Generally energy needs are dominated by fossil fuels such as petroleum, natural gas and coal. It is time for Indonesia to reduce dependence on fossil fuels by developing alternative fuels that are renewable and environmentally friendly (renewable). There are three types of alternative energy that can be researched and developed in the world today such as biodiesel, bioethanol and biogas. One potential alternative to be developed was the use of bioethanol. Bioethanol is an alternative fuel that is processed from plants (biomass) by fermentation. In this study, the raw material used to make bioethanol is jackfruit seeds. During this time only used as a jackfruit seeds that only a small proportion of waste utilized as livestock feed and even largely discarded. In fact, if further processed jackfruit seeds can provide added value. This research aims to make bioethanol with various concentrations of yeast and fermentation time. The main process is hydrolysis fermentation using yeast Saccharomyces Cereviciae; and purification by distillation. The variables used were changes in the concentration of yeast 3, 6, 9%; and fermentation time 2, 3, 4 days. From the analysis of the research results obtained bioethanol yield per amount of raw materials best start was 10.9 ml/kg with a density of 0.959 g/ml and the calorific value sebasar 196.899 kkal/kg, ie at 9% concentration variation yeast and fermentation time 3 days. 130425007

Kemiri sunan (Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman penghasil minyak nabati yang memiliki potensi besar sebagai sumber bahan baku untuk biodiesel. Tingkat produktivitas yang dapat mencapai 8-9 ton minyak kasar atau setara dengan 6-8 ton biodiesel/ha/tahun memiliki nilai strategis terkait dengan program pemerintah dalam mencari alternatif sumber energi baru yang terbarukan. Pengembangan sumber energi terbarukan seperti yang berasal dari minyak nabati kemiri sunan merupakan salah satu alternatif dalam upaya memenuhi defisit energi untuk keperluan domestik sehingga Indonesia dapat keluar dari himpitan krisis energi. Lahan-lahan yang telah terdegradasi di Indonesia dari tahun ke tahun luasnya semakin bertambah baik karena faktor alam maupun karena eksploitasi yang tidak terkendali. Disisi lain pengembangan tanaman sumber BBN terkendala karena keterbatasan lahan. Kajian yang telah dilakukan secara intensif terhadap karakteristik tanaman, minyak dan biodiesel yang dihasilkannya, serta daya adaptasinya yang sangat luas terhadap beragam agroekosistem yang ada di Indonesia, tanaman kemiri sunan memberikan harapan yang baik disamping sebagai sumber bahan baku biodiesel, juga dapat berfungsi sebagai tanaman konservasi untuk mereklamasi lahan-lahan marginal yang telah terdegradasi. Disamping itu, pengembangan tanaman kemiri sunan di lahan yang telah terdegradasi tidak hanya akan dapat meningkatkan nilai ekonomi lahan tersebut, tetapi juga dapat dijadikan tanaman yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi, serta mampu menyediakan kebutuhan energi bagi masyarakat sekitar maupun ke wilayah yang lebih luas. The Multiple Benefits of Developing Kemiri Sunan (Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw) In Degraded LandKemiri sunan (Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw) is one kind of vegetable oil crops that have great potential as a source of raw material for biodiesel. The productivity level that can reach 8-9 tons of crude oil, equivalent to 6-8 tons of biodiesel/ha/year make as a strategic commodity associated with government programs to find alternative sources of renewable energy. Development of renewable energy such as from vegetable oils of kemiri sunan is one of the alternatives in an effort to solve the deficit of energy for domestic use so that Indonesia can way out of the crush of the energy crisis. Lands that have been degraded in Indonesia continuously increasing both cause of the extent of natural factors and uncontrolled exploitation. On the other hand the development of this plants retricted by aviability of land. The research88 Volume 14 Nomor 2, Des 2015 : 87 - 101 studies have been conducted on the characteristics of plants, oil and biodiesel production, and adaptability in very broadly of Indonesian agro-ecosystem, this plant show well hopes besides as a source of raw material for biodiesel, it can also function as a conservation plant to reclaim marginal lands that have been degraded. In addition, the development of kemiri sunan on degraded land will not only be able to increase the economic value of the land, but also can be used as crops of high economic value, and able to provide for the energy needs of the surrounding communities and to the wider region.

This study aimed to determine and analyze the functions of local government district in the downstream rokan overcome the scarcity of LPG 3 kg in 2013. in Law No. 22 Year 2001 on Oil and Gas that LPG is an abbreviation of Liquefied Petroleum Gas, which means liquefied gas at a certain pressure derived from petroleum that has been fractionated. So the main source of producing LPG actually petroleum, natural gas instead. The research behind this is to see the number of people is increasing from year to year, causing greater levels of consumer needs and quotas khusunnya LPG LPG 3 kg was not able to meet the needs of society as a consumer.This study included into the qualitative research study using in-depth interview data collection techniques to several respondents (key informants) that have been assigned or puposive techniques .... the researchers selected a sample of informants criteria that truly understands the expected goal of researchers in research This as well as having an important position in the agency concerned.These results indicate that efforts by the local governments, especially the Department of Industry and Trade Rokan Hilir not perform its function optimally. Indicated by the scarcity of LPG 3 kg which occurred in Rokan downstream of this, due to the number of mafia / elements that playing field and there are many bases and retailers who do not comply with the rules set by the department of trade and industry. By selling price does not match the Rokan Hilir Regency Decree No. 291 of 2012 on the highest retail price (HET). In addition, there are several factors that led to the scarcity of LPG 3 kg of factors cause is the first ever increasing population which does not comply with the quota. Second, the movement of LPG LPG Gas 12 kg to 3 kg of LPG. Third, keberaaan SPBE as a supply point has not functioned optimally. Fourth, a very high demand by msayarakat as consumers.

The green open space is one of an effort in order to handling of the increasing the greenhouse gas emission, because green open space has an ability to absorbing the CO2 emission. The purpose of this research is to find out the potential of absorption capacity of CO2 by the pbulic's green open space and to analyze the level of absoption of CO2 by green open space from transportation activity. The method in this research is calculate the value of CO2 emissions and counting the trees whcih has diameters more than 20 centimeter. The sufficiency of green open space was analyze and then compared the absorbing power of CO2 by trees with number of CO2 emissions that produced. Sukajadi district is produced the CO2 emissions from transportation which is high enough as much as 51.212.465 ton CO2/year. While the ability of CO2 absorption by the public's green open space in Sukajadi district only 6.456,68 ton CO2/year. The public's green open space in Sukajadi district thet viewed of absorbing CO2 emissions of transportation is still not enough with percentage is only about 0,0126%.

Http://dx.doi.org/10.17014/ijog.vol2no4.20075Bengkulu Basin is known as a fore arc basin, which located in the southwestern part of Sumatera Island. Bengkulu Basin is occupied by Oligo-Miocene siliciclastic, coal, and carbonate sediments. Coal, one of alternative energies which can substitute hydrocarbon, is found within the sedimentary rocks of the Middle to Upper Miocene Lemau Formation as observed in Ketaun, Bengkulu, and Seluma areas. The thickness of the coal seams in the Ketaun area ranges from 100 to 200 cm, whereas in the Bengkulu area it varies between 100 to 350 cm, and in Seluma area up to 450 cm. Megascopically, coal seams in the Ketaun area are black in colour, dull to dull banded, with brownish black in streak, whereas in the Bengkulu and Seluma areas show a black colour, bright banded, and black streak. The mean of vitrinite reflectant value (Rv) of coal seam in the Ketaun area ranges from 0.41 to 0.49%, whereas in the Bengkulu and Seluma area it varies from 0.44 to 1.12%. The higher vitrinite reflectance of the Bengkulu and Seluma coals is probably due to the influence of andesitic sill intrusion. In general, the coal in the Ketaun area was deposited in an environment of relatively more to marine direction or limited influx clastic marsh or lower delta plain, where the tree density decreased. However, the coal in the Bengkulu and Seluma areas occurred in an environment which was relatively more to land direction or telmatic, or upper delta plain or wet forest swamp, where the tree density increased.

The research was conducted in January-Februari 2015 in coastal waters of Jago-Jago, North Sumatera.The aims ofthis study were to determine the nutrient content of sediment in seagrass ecosystem and to determine the ratio of C:N:P in the sediments by different sediment characteristics and determine the relationship of nutrient with density and biomass of seagrass. The parameters measured were included physical and chemical parameters of marine waters. The density was computed using a quadratic transect, while seagrass biomass was calculated by measuring dry weight of shoot. The value ratio of C:N:P in the sediment was obtained through the determination of carbon (C) in total by the method of Walkley & Black, total of nitrogen by Kjehdahl method and phosphorus total with Double Acid method. The results showed the average carbon content was 1.32117 to 2.47813%, the average nitrogen content was 0.63114 to 1.5468% and the average phosphorus was from 0.00002 to 0.0004%. The density of seagrass in the village of Jago-Jago was between 29 to 56.3 shoots/m2 and biomass of seagrass was between 651.26 to 1261.34 g/m2. Station III had a ratio of C:N:P =12011:14062:1 and provided good leverage, this can be indicated also by the total biomass and density of seagrass at this station was the highest. The C-organic, Nitrogen and Phosphorus in the sediment with density and biomass of seagrass had a weak relationship, there are other factors that might affect the density and biomass of seagrass in which were not measured in this study.