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The expansion of agricultural commodities including oil palm plantations potentially causes an increase of greenhouse gas emissions by amplifying carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. In the long term, this amplification will alter climate change. However, oil palm also has the potency to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by absorbing CO2 through photosynthesis. This study aims to determine the carbon stock that can be absorbed by oil palm and rubber plants, and to determine the relationship of rainfall with carbon stock in oil palm plants. The study used satellite image data based on Landsat and combined with rainfall data from near Perbaungan District, North Sumatra. Three Landsat data (acquisition date: (i) 12 February 2000, (ii) 8 March 2009, and (iii) 11 August 2019) were processed to estimate carbon stock. The procedure for estimating carbon stock was as follows: determining the sample and digitizing the sampling points, converting the digital value of the numbers into the spectral spectrum, calculating the albedo values, calculating the long-wave and short-wave radiations, computing biomass, and the absorbed carbon stock. The results showed that the carbon stock in oil palm was greater than that of rubber plants as oil palm has a greater biomass. The greater the plant biomass, the bigger the carbon stock absorbed. Further, the findings revealed that rainfall in dry season has a contribution to carbon stock in oil palm and rubber. The higher the total rainfall during dry season will increase the absorbed carbon stocks.

Production of biodiesel comes from trans-esterification reaction of fatty acid which produces methyl ester. Vegetables, animals and microalgae can be used for fatty acid sources by their oil, but microalgae have a more beneficial prospect compared to vegetables and animals. Microalgae have fast grow-rate, high oil productivity, low production cost and not having a competition with food industries. Among microalgae, Botryococcus braunii is the one with high oil quantity inside their cells (25 – 75 %). The wastewater of tofu industries is liquid residual from soybean processing becomes tofu which having a nuisance for the environment. This wastewater, usually called whey, is still containing organic materials such as water (99,34 %), protein (1,73 %), fat (0,63 %), nitrogen content (0,05%) and ash (0,11 %) and COD. Organic materials have effect to stimulate microalgae's growing. Objectives of this experiment are the influence of tofu whey addition at different concentrations toward biomass and lipid produced. This experiment provided the result which optimal cultivation of Botryococcus braunii reaches when using 10% concentration tofu whey with optimal optical density (OD) at day 9 (0,802), 2,4101 gram/litre of gained biomass and 0,8716 gram/litre of lipid production.,better than cultivation of Botryoccus braunii using syntetic nutrient. Maximum COD reduction was gained at 15% tofu whey addition with 88,51% efficiency. COD reduction at optimal tofu whey addition (10%) is 83,33%.

Under conditions of limited organic resources, polluted external environment, excessive emission of carbon in the atmosphere and as a result of global warming the use of renewed energy sources may become one of ways of solving problems of energy saving, energy efficiency, environment protection, energy independence from import raw materials. The active use of renewed energy sources will favor the increase of economic efficiency and competitiveness of components of the national AIC. The article indicates that during the last 20 years the world underwent worsening of natural-climatic and living conditions, climate change, strengthening of negative natural phenomena and so on. The aforesaid problems of the world scale were discussed at the International climatic conferences (Brazil – 1992; Japan – 1997; SAR – 2002; Paris – 2015; Germany – 2017), while considering the complex of questions as to improving the natural-climatic and living environment in the world, saving use of natural resources, acceleration of using renewable energy sources (RES), especially solar one. It was elucidated, that during the last years the power of solar energy stations (SPS) grew essentially. For the end of 2015 the leaders if setting SPS were the following countries: China, Germany, Japan, USA. In Ukraine the plan of development of the Combined energetic system for 2016–2025 years of SE «NEC «Ukrenergo»» provided the association of SPS power with electric nets of energy system with volume 1641.2 MW. There was realized the grouping of Ukrainian regions by the level of the technically achievable potential of solar energy. There was realized the assessment of the economic efficiency of products at using solar energy in the agroindustrial business in different regional conditions of Ukraine.

Potency of Agrriculture Sector as the Producer and the User of Renewble EnergyDevelopment of a dynamic world energy consumption within the limitation of fossil energy reserve as well as the awareness on the environmental conservation evoke the increase of interest on a renewable energy, especially a renewable energy resources from agriculture sector such as food crops, horticulture, estate commodities and animal husbandry. To be more specific, the main commodities are paddy, maize, cassava, coconut, palm oil, sugarcane, Jatropha curcas, sago, and large livestock (Cow/Cow waste). The potency of bio-energy derived from plant biomass residue of agriculture sector (without wood industry, maize) is around 441.1 GJ. At the same condition, in 2000, it is estimated roughly 430 million GJ or just about 470 million GJ if the residue of wood industry is included. Estimated that if the availability of bio-energy derived from the main production of agriculture commodity is calculated, so that Indonesia could provide bio-energy potentially amounted to 360.99 million GJ, therefore, the total amount would be around 802.09 million GJ. In contrast, the value is approximately equal to the continuous operating of more than 25 thousand units of electric power of renewable energy power for middle scale of 10 MW which is now being campaign. Agriculture sector is not only plays the role as the producer of a renewable energy, but also forms as a potential user. Alongside technology development of energy and agriculture sectors, the equivalent estimation between the production and the USAge of renewable energy in agricultural sector need to be studied continuously. This evaluation is useful to analyze the efficiency of agribusiness activities in Indonesia based on the improvement of national agriculture productivity and environmental conservation through renewable energy. RINGKASANPerkembangan kebutuhan energi dunia yang dinamis di tengah semakin terbatasnya cadangan energi fosil serta kepedulian terhadap kelestarian lingkungan hidup, menyebabkan perhatian terhadap energi terbarukan semakin meningkat, terutama pada sumber-sumber energi terbarukan di sektor pertanian seperti komoditi tanaman pangan, hortikultura, perkebunan dan peternakan. Secara lebih sempit lagi, diungkapkan komoditas-komoditas utamanya, yaitu padi, jagung, ubikayu, kelapa, kelapa sawit, tebu, jarak pagar, sagu serta ternak besar (sapi/kotoran sapi). Potensi bioenergi asal residu biomassa tanaman dari sektor pertanian (tanpa industri kayu kehutanan, jagung) adalah sekitar 441,1 juta GJ. Pada kondisi sama pada tahun 2000 diperhitungan sekitar 430 juta GJ, atau sekitar 470 juta GJ jika residu industri kayu dimasukkan. Jika diperhitungkan tersedianya bio-energi dari hasil pokok komoditas pertanian (nira, gula, minyaknya dll), maka diperkirakan Indonesia dapat menyediakan bioenergi secara potensial sejumlah 360,99 juta GJ, sehingga jumlah totalnya sekitar 802,09 juta GJ. Sebagai perbandingan, nilai tersebut kira-kira setara dengan pengoperasian terus menerus lebih dari 25 ribu unit pembangkit listrik tenaga energi terbarukan skala menengah ukuran 10 MW yang saat ini sedang dikampanyekan. Sektor pertanian selain sebagai penghasil energi terbarukan sekaligus merupakan pengguna potensial. Perhitungan keseimbangan antara produksi dan penggunaan energi terbarukan di sektor pertanian, perlu dikaji secara terus menerus, seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi di bidang energi dan pertanian. Evaluasi ini akan bermanfaat untuk menilai efisiensi kegiatan agribisnis di Indonesia dari segi peningkatan produktivitas pertanian nasional dan pelestarian lingkungan melalui energi terbarukan.

The purpose of this research paper is to understand various Corporate social responsibility (CSR) Initiatives and Sustainability approaches adopted by Healthcare sectors with respect to Hospitals in Pune City. This Research paper aims to understand the importance of Hospitals adopting to CSR and Sustainability for enhanced brand Image and Reputation. The Heath care sectors are complex organization and though not marketed for making profits but they are commercial business entities which create positive brand Image and Reputation through various marketing efforts. The present study identifies CSR Initiative and sustainability approaches adopted by Hospitals as a significant tool for enhancing brand Image and reputation of Hospitals. The paper explains various CSR initiatives of Hospitals in Pune City and explores the Sustainability , adopted and its significance for Enhanced brand Image and Reputations. The paper provides answers to if CSR initiatives undertaken by hospitals and sustainable practices adopted by Hospitals are gaining so much attention among the Healthcare sectors for enhanced brand Image and Reputation.

‘Embung' is one of the collected and served water constructions for domestic consumption, cattle drinking and irrigation in the border area and dry climate of Belu District, East Nusa Tenggara (ENT) Province. The others are water source from shallow soil-water digging and natural springs. There are 26 small ‘embungs' which have 11,700 – 96,830 m3 water volume and the biggest ‘embung' which has 1,860,000 m3 water volume; 276 springs, and some shallow soil-water digging. ‘Embungs' sustainability are influenced by some aspects such as technical problem since construction developed, utilization, social and management. Due to the natural resources and budget handicap, generally in one village just exist one type of the three water collected constructions. However, it is possible in one village there are three constructions, i.e.: ‘embung' is particularly for cattle drinking and irrigation; and the shallow soil-water digging and natural springs are specially for water domestic consumption. These man made and natural water source are very valuable to serve farmers in the Belu-ENT village area.

This research has been conducted in The Sekernan District of Muaro Jambi Regency against the people who raise buffalo traditionally. The purpose of the study is to find out the status of the sustainability index and the attributes that affect in the cultivation of buffalo cattle traditionally by the community in Sekernan Subdistrict. The research uses Rapker's method through surveys and interviews on buffalo farmers relating to ecological dimensions, economic dimensions and socio-cultural dimensions. The results showed that the ecological dimension was 42.81% with sensitive attributes of buffalo animal feed types (3.89) and land availability for animal feed (3.11). Economic dimension 46.67% with sensitive attributes of the number of livestock labor (5.16) and the feasibility of agroindustry business (2.41). The socio-cultural dimension is 42.56% with sensitive attributes of extension and training frequency (3.58) and employment rate of livestock labor (3.31). This indicates that the traditional cultivation of buffalo in Sekernan Subdistrict is less sustainable.

Small scale food industries are identical with labor intensive, low efficiency, and bad housekeeping. It needs specific improvement of performance related to their raw material characteristics as agricultural commodities. The study was conducted to improve the performance of small cracker industry through improved plant layout. It was done by considering the material flow, relationship between activities, food safety, equipment and workers' allowances, space utilization. Plant layout modification improves the small scale cracker industry in terms of material flow, the risk of contamination, space utilization, work safety, and energy for material handling.

The increasing number of vehicles with high fuel consumption and weak emission control policies negatively impact the environment. This research designed to projecting comparison of enery consumption of fuel and exaust emissions on bus and travel minibus route Semarang – Solo on 2013- 2040 using LEAP software with two scenarios, as for these scenarios is business as usual (BAU).Test results using LEAP shows the amount of fuel required bus in 2040 based on the BAU scenario amounted to 1.559.800 Gigajoules or to 43.448.467 liters of diesel fuel and 609.700 Gigajoules or 16.983.286 liters of diesel fuel based on the 2040 AFE scenario or fuel savings up to 39 % . The amount of fuel required for travel minibus based on the BAU scenario in 2040 was 1.333.000 Gigajoules or 37.130.919 liters of diesel fuel and 1.308.300 Gigajoules or 37.130.919 liters of diesel fuel based on the 2040 AFE scenario or savings up to 5 %.Carbon Dioxide Non Biogenic emissions produced by buses and travel minibus in 2040 for the AFE scenario decreased by 45 % compare to BAU scenario, but the value of NOx and CO in scenario AFE decrease 20 % compare to BAU scenario.

Various methods of organizing water disposal at the aviation enterprises were considered, and their main common shortcomings were characterized. It was shown that modern technologies of water disposal system do not allow reaching a proper level of ecological safety mainly due to the insufficient degree of wastewater treatment and existing environmental risks associated with the recycling of their sediments. We made a conclusion about the need for improvement of the environmental safety of water disposal systems functioning due to the development of a new technology. For this, when applying traditional mechanical and biological treatment methods, it was proposed to carry out additional wastewater purification and to improve the ways of treatment and recycling of their sediments. For additional treatment, it was proposed to use wastewater as a medium for the cultivation of energy microalgae in photobioreactors of the closed type with subsequent production of liquid biofuel of the third generation. For sediment treatment and recycling, it was proposed to use anaerobic digestion with the scheme organization in compliance with the kinetics of digestion processes and subsequent use of digested masses organic fertilizer.Based on this, we proposed a new technological water disposal scheme, which would make it possible to obtain renewable energy sources for partial or full provision of the needs of enterprises for thermal and electrical energy, and in case of its excess to obtain commercal renewable energy sources, to receive environmentally safe organic fertilizer, commercial carbon dioxide, as well as to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide from cogeneration plants of local thermal and electric power plants into the atmosphere.