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Agroindustries in general produce a large amount of organic wastewater. Until now, most of this organics waste-stream was not recovered and left to decompose anaerobically in ponds, where it emits methane, a potent greenhouse gas. By anaerobically digesting of the effluents in a suitable bioreactor, methane can be captured and used for combustion in gas engines or boilers. This way, uncontrolled methane emission from the anaerobic decomposition can be avoided and the utilization of fossil fuels can be replaced partly with the renewable biogas from the decomposition process. In addition, the approach of reducing green house gas emission is potentially to earn financial incentive through Clean Development Mechanism project. This paper demonstrates quantitatively some potential ecological and economical benefits derived from utilising agroindustrial effluents by treating it anaerobically to generate biogas (with cases of cane sugar factory, starch industry, palm oil mill, and tofu industry) . As illustration, for each ton cane sugar produced app. 15 m3 methane can be emitted from uncontrolled anaerobic degradation of it wastewater. By capturing the gas and transforming it into renewable biogas, a methane emission of equivalent to ≈ 272 kg CO2 can be avoided and an energy value of app. 427 MJ with a money value of app. Rp 59 600,- can be obtained. In addition, a financial incentive of app. Rp 14 850,- is possible to be earned from clean development mechanism (CDM) project. The ecological and financial benefits derived from anaerobic treatment of agroindustrial wastewater as indicated by this study should therefore become the driving force for the implementation of the approach.

Energy is needed by people but sooner or later the world's oil reserves will be depleted. Generally energy needs are dominated by fossil fuels such as petroleum, natural gas and coal. It is time for Indonesia to reduce dependence on fossil fuels by developing alternative fuels that are renewable and environmentally friendly (renewable). There are three types of alternative energy that can be researched and developed in the world today such as biodiesel, bioethanol and biogas. One potential alternative to be developed was the use of bioethanol. Bioethanol is an alternative fuel that is processed from plants (biomass) by fermentation. In this study, the raw material used to make bioethanol is jackfruit seeds. During this time only used as a jackfruit seeds that only a small proportion of waste utilized as livestock feed and even largely discarded. In fact, if further processed jackfruit seeds can provide added value. This research aims to make bioethanol with various concentrations of yeast and fermentation time. The main process is hydrolysis fermentation using yeast Saccharomyces Cereviciae; and purification by distillation. The variables used were changes in the concentration of yeast 3, 6, 9%; and fermentation time 2, 3, 4 days. From the analysis of the research results obtained bioethanol yield per amount of raw materials best start was 10.9 ml/kg with a density of 0.959 g/ml and the calorific value sebasar 196.899 kkal/kg, ie at 9% concentration variation yeast and fermentation time 3 days. 130425007

Kemiri sunan (Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman penghasil minyak nabati yang memiliki potensi besar sebagai sumber bahan baku untuk biodiesel. Tingkat produktivitas yang dapat mencapai 8-9 ton minyak kasar atau setara dengan 6-8 ton biodiesel/ha/tahun memiliki nilai strategis terkait dengan program pemerintah dalam mencari alternatif sumber energi baru yang terbarukan. Pengembangan sumber energi terbarukan seperti yang berasal dari minyak nabati kemiri sunan merupakan salah satu alternatif dalam upaya memenuhi defisit energi untuk keperluan domestik sehingga Indonesia dapat keluar dari himpitan krisis energi. Lahan-lahan yang telah terdegradasi di Indonesia dari tahun ke tahun luasnya semakin bertambah baik karena faktor alam maupun karena eksploitasi yang tidak terkendali. Disisi lain pengembangan tanaman sumber BBN terkendala karena keterbatasan lahan. Kajian yang telah dilakukan secara intensif terhadap karakteristik tanaman, minyak dan biodiesel yang dihasilkannya, serta daya adaptasinya yang sangat luas terhadap beragam agroekosistem yang ada di Indonesia, tanaman kemiri sunan memberikan harapan yang baik disamping sebagai sumber bahan baku biodiesel, juga dapat berfungsi sebagai tanaman konservasi untuk mereklamasi lahan-lahan marginal yang telah terdegradasi. Disamping itu, pengembangan tanaman kemiri sunan di lahan yang telah terdegradasi tidak hanya akan dapat meningkatkan nilai ekonomi lahan tersebut, tetapi juga dapat dijadikan tanaman yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi, serta mampu menyediakan kebutuhan energi bagi masyarakat sekitar maupun ke wilayah yang lebih luas. The Multiple Benefits of Developing Kemiri Sunan (Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw) In Degraded LandKemiri sunan (Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw) is one kind of vegetable oil crops that have great potential as a source of raw material for biodiesel. The productivity level that can reach 8-9 tons of crude oil, equivalent to 6-8 tons of biodiesel/ha/year make as a strategic commodity associated with government programs to find alternative sources of renewable energy. Development of renewable energy such as from vegetable oils of kemiri sunan is one of the alternatives in an effort to solve the deficit of energy for domestic use so that Indonesia can way out of the crush of the energy crisis. Lands that have been degraded in Indonesia continuously increasing both cause of the extent of natural factors and uncontrolled exploitation. On the other hand the development of this plants retricted by aviability of land. The research88 Volume 14 Nomor 2, Des 2015 : 87 - 101 studies have been conducted on the characteristics of plants, oil and biodiesel production, and adaptability in very broadly of Indonesian agro-ecosystem, this plant show well hopes besides as a source of raw material for biodiesel, it can also function as a conservation plant to reclaim marginal lands that have been degraded. In addition, the development of kemiri sunan on degraded land will not only be able to increase the economic value of the land, but also can be used as crops of high economic value, and able to provide for the energy needs of the surrounding communities and to the wider region.

Petroleum reserves are depleted in Indonesia along with increased fuel requirements, demanding Indonesian society to harness alternative energy, one of which is biofuel. In this study, biofuels produced from cracking fatty acids contained in Destillate Palm Fatty Acid (PFAD). PFAD converted into biofuels via catalytic cracking process using a catalyst Ni.Mo / Zeolite with reaction temperature 380 oC in a stirred batch reactor. Metal concentrations in the zeolite was varied at 0%, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% and the variation of the reaction stirring 300 rpm, 400 rpm, 500 rpm and 600 rpm. Cracking process using nitrogen gas with a flow rate of 150 ml / min. Yield (%) of the product obtained at the maximum stirring speed of 500 rpm with a metal concentration of 1%, amounting to 71.43% or 125 ml with 31.53% biofuel conversion. The composition of biofuels on cracking products was 8.8% and 35% Gasoline Kerosene and Diesel.

This study aimed to determine and analyze the functions of local government district in the downstream rokan overcome the scarcity of LPG 3 kg in 2013. in Law No. 22 Year 2001 on Oil and Gas that LPG is an abbreviation of Liquefied Petroleum Gas, which means liquefied gas at a certain pressure derived from petroleum that has been fractionated. So the main source of producing LPG actually petroleum, natural gas instead. The research behind this is to see the number of people is increasing from year to year, causing greater levels of consumer needs and quotas khusunnya LPG LPG 3 kg was not able to meet the needs of society as a consumer.This study included into the qualitative research study using in-depth interview data collection techniques to several respondents (key informants) that have been assigned or puposive techniques .... the researchers selected a sample of informants criteria that truly understands the expected goal of researchers in research This as well as having an important position in the agency concerned.These results indicate that efforts by the local governments, especially the Department of Industry and Trade Rokan Hilir not perform its function optimally. Indicated by the scarcity of LPG 3 kg which occurred in Rokan downstream of this, due to the number of mafia / elements that playing field and there are many bases and retailers who do not comply with the rules set by the department of trade and industry. By selling price does not match the Rokan Hilir Regency Decree No. 291 of 2012 on the highest retail price (HET). In addition, there are several factors that led to the scarcity of LPG 3 kg of factors cause is the first ever increasing population which does not comply with the quota. Second, the movement of LPG LPG Gas 12 kg to 3 kg of LPG. Third, keberaaan SPBE as a supply point has not functioned optimally. Fourth, a very high demand by msayarakat as consumers.

Solar energy can be used for water heating by using solar water heater application. Therefore, its still needs some modification due to its low efficiency. This modification can be done by replacing the conventional plate of solar collectors into a double plate with a zig-zag pattern. The results shown that along with the decreasing of water flow rates could significantly increase the useful energy (Qu). Initial temperature of water inlet could affect the generated maximum temperature. The highest mean efficiencies of double plate solar water heater with a zig-zag grooved beams pattern of 49.11% was gained in the flow rate of 700 mL / min.

Local economic development is one of the instruments to actualize regional development utilizing their local resources. Resource utilization in a region also depends on the potential in the region, such as the coconut sugar industry in the Bagelen District, Purworejo that use raw materials and local labors. Although coconut sugar industry is small-scale industries and households, but its existence began ogled by the International market. The high demand can not be met by the owner of the industry due to lack of manpower and the middlemen involved in marketing. Because of it, fears about the sustainability of the coconut sugar industry in the District Bagelen. This research used mixed method with Triangulation Design models. The results showed that coconut sugar and crystal sugar are difficult to continue to be a growing industry as the local economic development efforts. Coconut sugar faced a problem with the unstable price, while crystal sugar doesn't have permission to label products, so they rely on the existence of the companies

The aim of the study is to create double-function equipment comprises the use of a dryer in the rainy seasons and of water distillation in dry seasons. The main components consists of a windmill as the sources of mechanical power to move the blower or water dipper and a drying room doubling as a distilling room by solar energy.

Population growth impact on increasing the amount of waste and the fuel crisis as a source of energy. One solution to the problem of waste and energy crisis is biogas technology. Biogas is used for treating biodegradable waste because the most waste composition in Indonesia is organic waste . Biogas can be applied to organic waste that has not been utilized optimally for example eating garbage. In the manufacture of biogas needed additional treatment of water and agitation to optimize biogas production. In this study, using 10 reactors with the composition 4 kg of waste and 1.5 liter of rumen with additional variations of water as much as 6 liters, 4 liter, 2.6 liter, 1.5 liter and 0.67 liter. Five treatment reactor without agitation and agitation. The most numerous production gas in the reactor with a dilution of 2,6 liter in reactors 3 and 8 with gas production on day 18 of 0,8 liters. As for the treatment of agitation, the production of biogas in the reactor without agitation produces more gas than the reactor with agitation.

This study aimed to utilize waste cooking oil as raw material for biodiesel production and to study the influence of time and temperature of the transesterification reaction on the biodiesel production and its characteristics. The study was conducted by base transesterification with NaOH at a molar ratio of waste cooking oil to methanol 1:6. A combination of three levels of temperature (45⁰C, 55⁰C and 65⁰C) and three levels of reaction time (5 minutes, 10 minutes, and 30 minutes) was performed. Each treatment was conducted with 3 replications. The results showed that the yield of biodiesel was affected by temperature and reaction time. The optimum treatment combination was transesterification at temperature of 65⁰C and 30 minutes of reaction time, which produced 72,87 % methyl ester with a density of 0,85 g/ml, viscosity of 1,65 cSt and acid number of 0,07 %. Although the density and acid number of biodiesel produced met the biodiesel quality standards of Indonesia (SNI), it was not recommended to be used as fuel engine.