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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Mecânica apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia O conforto térmico é algo cada vez mais valorizado pelo ser humano, sendo fundamental para a sua produtividade e o seu bem-estar. Porém, assegurar condições de conforto térmico tem consequências energéticas, económicas e ambientais. Os órgãos de governo da União Europeia consideram que o aumento da eficiência energética dos edifícios é algo de extrema importância, devido a estes serem grandes consumidores de energia. Logo, um método eficaz de reduzir custos energéticos e económicos e impactos ambientais passa por tornar os edifícios muito eficientes energeticamente. A eficiência energética de um edifício está diretamente relacionada com a qualidade das suas soluções construtivas. Uma forma de melhorar as características das soluções construtivas é o uso de isolamento térmico, de modo a diminuir as trocas de calor entre o exterior e o interior de um edifício. O presente estudo tinha como objetivo a realização de uma análise económica, energética e ambiental da aplicação do isolamento térmico aos edifícios do continente europeu. Esta análise permitiu compreender a influência da aplicação de isolamento térmico na eficiência energética dos edifícios e assim perceber a influência desta medida nos custos energéticos, económicos e ambientais do ciclo de vida completo dos edifícios localizados no continente europeu. Adicionalmente, fez-se uma verificação de qual o material isolante térmico mais adequado. A análise foi efetuada segundo as perspetivas económica, energética e ambiental. Os custos do conforto térmico dependem da tipologia de uso do edifício e do tipo de clima. Assim, de forma a representar as tipologias do edificado europeu foram selecionados seis edifícios diferentes, sendo estes: um apartamento e uma moradia (edifícios residenciais), uma clínica (edifício de serviços com funcionamento permanente), uma escola e uma agência bancária (edifícios de serviços com funcionamento intermitente) e um supermercado (edifício de comércio com funcionamento intermitente. Para representar o clima do continente europeu foram selecionadas 5 localizações, em função do número de graus-dia de aquecimento e de arrefecimento, envolvendo assim 5 tipos de clima: Málaga (quente), Lisboa (moderado), Valladolid (frio), Varsóvia (muito frio), Reykjavik (extremamente frio). Recorreu-se à folha de cálculo CalProTerm para a obtenção das propriedades termofísicas das soluções construtivas opacas e ao software SEnergEd para a realização da simulação do comportamento energético, económico e ambiental do ciclo de vida dos edifícios. A versão do software SEnergEd disponibilizada não realizava a análise ambiental do ciclo de vida do edifício, pelo que foi necessário proceder à implementação desta vertente, munindo este software com os algoritmos necessários à realização do cálculo de impactos ambientais.Os resultados obtidos mostram, em termos muito genéricos, que a aplicação de isolamento térmico à envolvente opaca dos edifícios do continente europeu é mais benéfica em termos energéticos e em termos ambientais do que sob a perspetiva económica. Adicionalmente, a espessura ótima de isolamento térmico depende da tipologia de edifício, do tipo de clima e da perspetiva com que foi efetuada a análise (energética, ambiental ou económica). Thermal comfort is something increasingly valued by the human being, being fundamental for their productivity and well-being. However, ensuring thermal comfort conditions has energy, economic and environmental consequences. The Governing Bodies of the European Union consider that increasing the energy efficiency of buildings is extremely important, especially due to being one of the major energy consumers. Therefore, an effective method of reducing energy and economic costs and environmental impacts is to make buildings very energy efficient. The energy efficiency of a building is directly related to the quality of its constructive solutions. One way to improve the characteristics of constructive solutions is the use of thermal insulation, so as to decrease heat exchanges between the outside and the interior of a building.The present study aimed to carry out an economic, energy and environmental analysis of the application of thermal insulation to buildings on the European continent. This analysis made it possible to understand the influence of the application of thermal insulation on the energy efficiency of buildings and thus to understand the influence of this measure on the energy, economic and environmental costs of the complete life cycle of buildings located on the European continent. Additionally, a verification was made of which is the most suitable thermal insulating material. The analysis was carried out according to the economic, energy and environmental perspectives. Thermal comfort costs depend on the type of use of the building and the type of climate. Thus, to represent the typologies of European buildings, six different buildings were selected, namely: an apartment and a house (residential buildings), a clinic (service building with permanent operation), a school and a bank branch (buildings of services with intermittent operation) and a supermarket (commercial building with intermittent operation. To represent the climate of the European continent, 5 locations were selected, depending on the number of degree-days of heating and cooling, thus involving 5 types of climate: Malaga (hot), Lisbon (moderate), Valladolid (cold), Warsaw (very cold), Reykjavik (extremely cold).The CalProTerm spreadsheet was used to obtain the thermophysical properties of the opaque constructive solutions, the SEnergEd software was used to simulate the energy, economic and environmental behavior of the buildings' life cycle. The version of the SEnergEd software initially available did not carry out the environmental analysis of the building's life cycle, therefore it was necessary to implement this aspect, providing this software with the algorithms necessary to carry out the calculation of environmental impacts.The results obtained showed, in very general terms, that the application of thermal insulation to the opaque envelope of buildings on the European continent is more beneficial in energy and environmental terms than from an economic perspective. Additionally, the optimal thickness of thermal insulation depends on the type of building, the type of climate and the perspective from which the analysis was carried out (energy, environmental or economic).

As parcerias em saúde global ocupam um importante lugar na discussão da saúde global. Durante o 5º Congresso Nacional de Medicina Tropical foram discutidos alguns pontos centrais desta área: investigação, implementação e financiamento. O objetivo deste artigo é, com base nas ideias apresentadas e do debate gerado, refletir sobre cada um dos temas, sobressaindo os aspetos mais relevantes para a atualidade e futuro das parcerias em saúde global. O artigo tem por base as apresentações, a discussão gerada e a revisão bibliográfica sobre as três temáticas centrais referidas. As parcerias em saúde global pretendem reverter e superar as assimetrias Norte/Sul em diversos níveis: capacitação, acesso, conhecimento, financiamento, investigação, ensino e desenvolvimento de ciência; contribuindo para a construção de uma sociedade baseada no conhecimento e com vista ao desenvolvimento sustentável e cobertura universal em saúde. Estas parcerias são crescentemente reconhecidas como um elemento fundamental para alcançar os ODS, existindo, no entanto, a necessidade de assegurar que não prejudicam nenhum dos intervenientes. Devem ser equilibradas e simétricas, espelhando os interesses de todas as partes envolvidas, reforçando as capacidades existentes e prezando pela transparência e inclusão de todos os parceiros em todas as fases. Assim, as parcerias em saúde global poderão ser verdadeiramente efetivas, levando a novas formas de articulação, implementação e financiamento. Partnerships in global health stand in an important position when discussing global health. During the 5th National Congress of Tropical Medicine, some central themes in this area were discussed: research, implementation and funding. This paper aims to reflect upon each theme, highlighting the most relevant aspects for the future and present of global health partnerships. It is based on the various presentations and the ensuing discussion, also relying on a literature review on the referred three central themes. Global health partnerships aim to reverse and overcome the North/South asymmetries at different levels: training, access, knowledge, funding, research, education and science development; contributing towards the construction of a knowledge-based society, aiming at sustainable development and universal health coverage. These partnerships are increasingly understood as critical to attaining all SDGs, but there is also the need to ensure that they do not harm any of the stakeholders. They must be balanced and symmetrical, reflecting the interests of all parties involved, fostering the inclusion of all partners in every stage. Therefore, partnerships in global health may be truly effective, leading to innovative ways of articulation, implementation and funding. publishersversion published

Climate change is bound to impact the water cycle and water availability, compounding the sustainable management of its quantity and quality. Groundwater is bound to suffer the impacts of climate change, coupled with those of land use changes, population and its lifestyles evolution. Climate change studies normaly have a 50 to 100 years horizon, which is a challenge for decision makers, who usually rely on relatively short therm data and projections to implement their management policies. BINGO Project tries to address this gap, by providing information of climate change impacts, including those of extreme events, on the water cycle for the short-tomedium term. Climate change impacts on groundwater rely on mathematical modeling, using recharge projections obtained from the climate forecasts of the Regional Climate Models set up for Europe. Sea level change is also a component of this analysis and its ensuing impacts of saltwater intrusion on the coastal and estuarine areas of Aluviões do Tejo and Bacia do Tejo-Sado/Margem Esquerda aquifers. 4p DHA/NRE

Relatório de Estágio do Mestrado em Ensino de Geografia no 3º ciclo do Ensino Básico e no Ensino Secundário apresentado à Faculdade de Letras O presente relatório de estágio visa apresentar uma análise e reflexão das atividades letivas e extralectivas ao longo do Estágio Pedagógico Supervisionado, desenvolvido na Escola Secundária Dr.ª Maria Cândida, em Mira, durante o ano letivo 2020/2021. Além disso, pretendo efetuar uma reflexão da aplicação da estratégia didático-pedagógica, neste caso concreto a Aplicação dos Media na Educação Geográfica e Ambiental, caso específico do Jornal aplicado ao tema das Alterações Climáticas. O relatório está dividido em três partes. A primeira parte, onde é feita a descrição geral da escola, acompanhado do enquadramento geográfico, turma, núcleo de estágio e das atividades realizadas ao longo do estágio. A segunda parte, está direcionada para a reflexão teórica e científica associada ao tema da aplicação didática.O tema da componente científica é as Alterações Climáticas e os seus impactos na saúde humana, assim como o surgimento ou ressurgimento de doenças parasitárias na Europa. Na terceira parte é apresentada a estratégia didática, o jornal realizado pelos alunos, acompanhado dos resultados obtidos ao inquérito realizado aos professores do agrupamento e aos alunos sobre o mesmo. Neste capítulo também se encontra uma reflexão sobre o ensino à distância e os impactos na aprendizagem tanto nos professores como alunos. Os objetivos propostos para esta estratégia foram positivos, uma vez que obtive o feedback desejado por parte dos alunos, assim como toda a dedicação na construção do jornal. This internship report aims to present an analysis and reflection of teaching and extralegal activities throughout the Supervised Pedagogical Internship, developed in Escola Secundária Dr. ª Maria Cândida, in Mira, during the school year 2020/2021. In addition, I intend to reflect on the application of didactic-pedagogical strategy, in this specific case the Application of Media in Geographic and Environmental Education, the specific case of the newspaper applied to the theme of Climate Change.The report is divided in three parts. The first part, where the general description of the school is made, accompanied by the geographic framing, class, internship nucleus and the activities carried out throughout the internship. The second part is directed towards the theoretical and scientific reflection associated with the theme of didactic application. The theme of the scientific component is Climate Change and its impacts on human health, as well as the emergence or resurgence of parasitic diseases in Europe.In the third part, the didactic strategy is presented, the newspaper made by the students, accompanied by the results obtained from the survey carried out to the teachers of the grouping and to the students about it. In this chapter there is also a reflection on distance learning and the impacts on learning for both teachers and students. The objectives proposed for this strategy were positive, since I obtained the desired feedback from the students, as well as all the dedication in the construction of the newspaper.

With the advances of climate change, it is expected harmful consequences to olive tree (Olea europaea L.). Therefore, it is necessary to develop cost-effective practices to reduce the vulnerability of olive crops to the adverse impacts of environmental stresses. Rainfed olive trees were sprayed with zeolites, natural crystalline aluminosilicates, and its effects on photosynthetic activity, phenolic composition, antioxidant activity, leaf minerais concentrations, plant growth, yield, and olive oil quality were assessed. Zeolites application enhanced photosynthetic activity, as well the concentrations of N, Mg, Cu, Zn and Mn in leaves, and changed the secondary metabolism, with decrease oftotal phenols, ortho-diphenols and total antioxidant activity, signs of lower oxidative stress. As consequence, zeolites boosted plant growth, crop yield, and size and weight of fruits. The foliar spray did not significantly affect the oil quality indices free acidity, peroxide value and Km and K270 coefficients. This study strongly suggests that folial' zeolites might be an effective strategy to mitigate the adverse environmental conditions. This research was funded by the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Programme PT2020 for financiai support to ClTAB (UIDB/04033/2020), and the Operational Group "Novas práticas em olivais de sequeiro: estratégias de mitigação e adaptação às alterações climáticas" I funded by PT2020 and EAFRD (European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development). Sandra Martins acknowledges the financiai support provided by the FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (PD/BD/135327/2017), under the Doctoral programme "Agricultural Production Chains-from fork to farm". info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Parceria com a Universidade de Lisboa - Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território Num mundo contemporâneo cada vez mais globalizado, não é de estranhar o papel que o turismo tem demonstrado num meio onde as experiências deixam de pertencer menos ao domínio do local, começando a envolver vários contactos e experiências universais, resultando num interculturalismo que compõe a partilha entre turista e comunidade, essencial ao estabelecimento de uma tipologia turística como o justice tourism. Daqui surgem vários fatores que podem, quando manobrados de certa forma, ser manipulados para o empreendimento do bem-estar e conservação das comunidades. O objetivo geral desta dissertação, passa, assim, por explicar um fenómeno turístico recente a que chamamos de justice tourism, um modelo de turismo alternativo que em muito difere de outras tipologias turísticas com que por vezes é comparado, nomeadamente o pro poor tourism e o peace through tourism, como à frente se verá. Depois de aprofundarmos os conceitos de ética, justiça, multiculturalismo, sustentabilidade, paz e direitos humanos, essenciais para enquadrar e problematizar o justice tourism, a nossa atenção debruçar-se-á na compreensão do núcleo desta tipologia turística. A sua essência, passa, assim, por ser uma forma justa de viajar entre membros de diferentes comunidades, visando atingir o entendimento mútuo, solidariedade e igualdade entre participantes. O justice tourism é um dos mais eficazes meios de promover o entendimento e respeito mútuos, bem como a educação, trocas económicas e proteção ambiental, tendo um papel central na conservação da vida comunitária. Com o aprofundamento de tais conceitos levaremos a nossa direção para o caso empírico da Guiné-Bissau. Com uma história marcadamente conturbada, marcada por sucessivos golpes de Estado, crises políticas, corrupção e pelo seu relevante papel no narcotráfico, o país parece não encontrar maneira de aproveitar os seus vastos recursos naturais e a conservação dos seus grupos étnicos para a promoção de um turismo sustentável que levaria a um maior desenvolvimento político, cultural e económico. Assim, compreendendo informação relativa às características que compõem a Guiné Bissau, perceberemos se será possível implementar no país este modelo de turismo que se denomina de justice tourism. In an increasingly globalized contemporary world, it is not surprising to notice the role that tourism has shown in a milieu where experiences not only belong to the realm of the local, thus beginning to get involved in various universal contacts and experiences. This results in an interculturalism that makes the sharing between tourist and community essential to the establishment of a tourist typology such as justice tourism. From here arise several factors that can, when maneuvered in a certain way, be manipulated for the undertaking of the communities' well-being and conservation. The primary goal of this dissertation is, therefore, to explain the recent tourist phenomenon that we call justice tourism, an alternative tourism model that is very different from other tourist typologies with which it is sometimes compared, namely poor pro tourism and peace through tourism, as we will see below. After dwelling into the concepts of ethics, justice, multiculturalism, sustainability, peace and human rights, essential to frame and problematize justice tourism, our attention will focus on understanding the core of this tourist typology. Its essence is, therefore, to be a fair way of traveling among members of different communities, aiming to achieve mutual understanding, solidarity and equality among participants. Justice tourism is one of the most effective means of promoting mutual understanding and respect, as well as education, economic exchange, and where environmental protection plays a central role in the conservation of life within the community. With the deepening of such concepts, we will redirect our attention to the empirical case of Guinea-Bissau. With a troubled history, marked by successive coups d'état, political crises, corruption and its relevant role in drug trafficking, the country does not seem to find a way to take advantage of its vast natural resources and the conservation of its ethnic groups for the promotion of a sustainable tourism that would lead to greater political, cultural and economic development. Thus, by collecting data regarding the characteristics that make up Guinea-Bissau, we will try to determine the possibilities of implementing justice tourism in the country.

Hospital structures within a historical analysis have always reflected the society where they were inserted, not only in aspects of scientific development with the use of medical knowledge for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, where we can say that it would be the larger objective of this establishment, but Also in issues as debated and studied today, as the availability and use of the territory where they are inserted, thus relating as the value that is given to natural resources, both in the design of spaces as well as in their use and maintenance, attitudes that are linked To a sustainable posture. The objective of this article is to discuss, in a local aspect, the relation of the use of the territory in a microscale vision of the process of growth of an EAS (Health Care Establishment), having as object of study a hospital that was built in the 1950 in a municipality in the metropolitan region of Curitiba that for almost 70 years its growth has not undergone planning, consequently a widespread obsolescence of its built spaces, as well as the availability for its future physical organization. Keywords: Hospital Architecture, Territoriality, Sustainability. XII SIMPÓSIO DE ENGENHARIA BIOMÉDICA - IX SIMPÓSIO DE INSTRUMENTAÇÃO E IMAGENS MÉDICAS

This paper aims to analyze whether Brazilian smallholder farmers who adopt irrigation methods would be more resilient to climate change when compared to smallholders producing rainfed crops. We developed a treatment effects model, based in the Propensity Score Matching technique, which can explain irrigation adoption and net revenues simultaneously. Temperature and precipitation projections for 2010-2099 were used considering different climate scenarios according to the 4th Assessment Report of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Results confirmed the efficiency of irrigation as an adaptive strategy. For all simulation scenarios, land values of irrigators are, on average, approximately twice the value of rainfed smallholders. It can be concluded that there is need of public policies focused on developing strategies to cope with global warming effects in the agricultural sector. Moreover, given the importance of irrigation adoption as an adaptive measure, it is needed to encourage the expansion of credit lines for irrigation investments, especially for less capitalized farmers.

This paper analyzes the role of agroforestry systems (AFS) as an adaptative measure to climate change in Brazil. A treatment-effects model (Propensity Score Matching) was developed. We identified the main determinants of the use of AFS and if the municipalities in which this technique is used are less vulnerable to climate change. The results showed that socioeconomic variables (land ownership, financing options, access to information and technical assistance) and agronomic variables (water resources availability and soil quality) influence the adoption of agroforestry systems in Brazilian municipalities. Climate conditions (temperature and precipitation) also play an important role in the use of these systems, which confirms their role as an adaptative strategy. It was also concluded that the AFS have the potential to improve the Brazilian agricultural performance due to the fact that the land value tends to be higher in municipalities where these systems are used. Thus, the AFS can make the agricultural sector less exposed to the negative effects of climate change in both the present and in future scenarios.

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia In photovoltaic solar systems in buildings, the mismatch between the energy generation and consumption leads to the need to inject energy into the grid, with a negative economic impact. To avoid it, the use of energy storage systems is increasingly important in order to store the surplus energy generation to be used in periods where the generation is lower than the consumption. Therefore, arises the need of intelligent control algorithms which, according to a predefined objective, ensure the correct management not only of the energy storage system, but also of the available solar resource.The main objective of this thesis was to analyse the impact of photovoltaic solar energy generation together with an energy storage system with lithium ion batteries in buildings of the services sector. For that, the building of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering of the University of Coimbra, which already has a photovoltaic solar system installed, was used as case study. The sizing of a possible expansion of the current photovoltaic system was done, as well as the sizing of a storage system with the aim to ensure reduction of costs with the purchased electricity. Thus, an intelligent control algorithm was implemented in MATLAB environment with the objective of managing and controlling the storage system to ensure the objectives of maximizing the self-consumption and minimizing costs with energy imported from the grid.Different scenarios were simulated and analysed, and through the analysis of the technical and economic availability it was possible to verify that the developed control strategies were successful, allowing to achieve good results regarding the reduction of the costs with the imported energy from the grid and the maximization of the self-consumption, as well as making the investment in the storage system cost-effective. Nos sistemas solares fotovoltaicos em edifícios o desajuste entre a produção de energia elétrica e o consumo leva à necessidade de injeção de energia na rede, com um impacto económico negativo. Para o evitar, é cada vez mais importante o uso de sistemas de armazenamento, com vista a armazenar a energia gerada em excesso de modo a esta ser utilizada em períodos onde a produção seja inferior ao consumo. Surge assim a necessidade de algoritmos de controlo inteligentes que, de acordo com um objetivo predefinido, assegurem a gestão correta não só do sistema de armazenamento, mas também do recurso solar disponível.O objetivo primordial desta dissertação foi analisar o impacto da geração de energia elétrica solar fotovoltaica em conjunto com um sistema de armazenamento de energia elétrica com baterias de iões de lítio em edifícios do setor dos serviços. Para tal, foi utilizado como objeto de estudo o edifício do Departamento de Engenharia Eletrotécnica e de Computadores da Universidade de Coimbra que conta já com um sistema solar fotovoltaico instalado. Foi realizado o dimensionamento de uma possível expansão do sistema atual, assim como o dimensionamento de um sistema de armazenamento que permita reduzir os custos com a compra de energia elétrica da rede. Assim, foi também implementado em ambiente MATLAB um algoritmo de controlo inteligente com o objetivo de fazer a gestão e controlo do sistema de armazenamento para assegurar os objetivos de maximização do autoconsumo e de minimização dos custos com a energia importada da rede.Foram simulados e analisados diferentes cenários e através da análise da viabilidade técnica e económica realizada foi possível constatar que as estratégias de controlo desenvolvidas foram bem-sucedidas, permitindo alcançar bons resultados relativos à redução dos custos com a importação de energia da rede e maximização do autoconsumo, assim como tornar rentável o investimento no sistema de armazenamento.