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Achieving the strategical goals in forestry of Republic of Serbia will not be easy in the light of climate change. Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) is the most economically significant and abound at pest in deciduous forests in Serbia. It is also very important pest in fruit orchards. His outbreak often has the character of a natural disaster that requires a significant commitment of manpower and financial resources in order to suppress it. We developed two models for predicting the occurrence of gradation (outbreak) and latency of gypsy moth population on the basis of monthly and quarterly values of climatic data for the period 1888-2010. The models were based on logistic regression. In the MODEL I, we have used the mean monthly temperatures from October of the year preceding event, temperature in January and March, and the rainfall in May, while in MODEL II, taken were mean temperatures of the first quarter and sum of the precipitation of the second quarter. Overall classification accuracy of the models were above 70%, while the prediction of outbreak based on MODEL I was 86%. The results of this study (models that can be applied in real time) can contribute to better decision-making in relation to forest management and protection of forests from gypsy moth in Republic of Serbia and wider.

This paper presents the development of standardization in the field of energy efficiency, based on a review of available literature on this topic. The paper discusses the development of standardization of energy efficiency of household appliances, energy efficiency in buildings, energy efficiency in transport, standardization related to the use of renewable energy and energy management system standardization. The aim of this paper is to showcase the course of development and important events in the development of standardization in the field of energy efficiency, as well as to present an analysis of published articles on the topic of standardization of energy efficiency in prominent international journals. In research and formation of conclusions, analysis and synthesis methods are used.

Three urban redevelopment projects recently undertaken in Europe-Ria 2000 in Bilbao, Spain; Emscher Park in Germany; and Gasometer in Vienna, Austria, are presented and discussed in the paper. All three innovate on three independent levels culture, economy and urban organization, and provide high quality places to assist their cities and regions to cope with a global competitive environment. All three were also designed to represent the best of the sustainable practice in Europe at the time. In the same time, the basic philosophy of all three is deeply rooted in creative economies and elaborate their basis principles. The paper explores their design solution in order to identify the points where creative industries and sustainability meet, and investigates if, and to what extent, they comply with the principles of sustainability. Urban design and physical space are in focus, while other areas are considered as long as they contribute to the design, or reflect a credo that architecture and urban design are among those that play a central role in building cities' reputation and character. The author argues that all three materialized some of the basic principles of sustainability, by elaborating ideas of genius loci and the relationship between identity and locality. Emscher Park has been the most successful in demonstrating how the Brownfield site and devastated area could be transformed into the cultural landscape. Ria 2000 brought in a new interpretation of balance between the man made and natural environments. Gasometer has been least successful, and rather its solutions go after the traditional redevelopment paradigm.

This paper consists of three parts. The starting position of the first part is that technical and technological modernization, in addition to the undoubted benefits, also brings some problems that result in a long-term ecological crisis. One of the key social and environmental problems based on modernization is the issue of the dramatic proportions of rapid population growth in the last few decades. The second part of the paper deals with the problems that follow from rapid population growth, such as preserving the quality of life and environmental quality, as well as the issue of sustainable development. It is pointed out that the growing population rapidly endangers the planet's key resources (deforestation, water, air, and soil pollution, etc.) and that the survival of the human species is at stake. Special attention is paid to the violation of the existing water supplies, which directly threatens the health and physiological survival of people, especially in the big cities of underdeveloped countries. The third part of the paper shows that, among other things, it is essential to develop adequate environmental awareness (ecocentrism), which should encourage both the politically powerful and ordinary people to change their habits and to devote more attention to the preservation of the environment.

The paper describes the real appearance of a new class of light sources. The technology progress allows the light emitting diodes (LED) to be applied for an in- and outdoor lightning. The special, high power diodes (HPLED) have too many advantages comparing to classical light sources and it is quite reasonable to expect their mass application in the indoor and outdoor lighting. The article contains a brief theoretical aspect of optics, explanations of the classical light sources parameters and typical examples. The performances of standard and high power LED are also included as well. The conclusions made at the paper end predict the massive usage LED for the lightning in a near future.

Achieving the earlier set goals in forestry will not be easy in the light of global and climate change. The expected impact of climate change on forests in Serbia is already recorded in the studies of oak. This research was focused on the study of the impact of 15 climate variables from CARPATCLIM database over the Turkey oak from stand 8i (Management Unit Branjevina, Forest Division Sombor, Public Enterprise Vojvodinašume) using dendrochronological methods. Analyses using a simple Pearson's correlation showed the higher correlation between oak growth and SPEI (Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index), RDI (Reconnaissance Drought Index) and PDSI (Palmer Drought Severity Index) in the growing season in comparison to simple variables such as mean monthly temperature of monthly sum of precipitation. To date, indices SPEI and RDI are not used to a greater extent in dendrochronological studies. Given their characteristics that they are used for monitoring of drought, and that among the 15 climate variables provide significant correlations for the main months (April to August) during growing season, they should be seriously considered in the future understanding of the impact of drought on forests.

Although the issue of energy security is highly positioned on the scale of priorities of each country, for now there is no commonly accepted definition of energy security. The definitions of energy security can be divided into two groups. The first group consists of definitions that are focused on short-term approach where the focus is on energy supply. The second group is characterized by longterm approach, this type of definitions take a broader aspects of energy security as well as economic indicators and environmental indicators. Although there are a number of definitions and different approaches to energy security, the interest for methodology of calculation of energy security is not so large. Existing methods for quantitative expression level of energy security, in most cases are based on short-term approach, while methods based on the wider concept are mostly the composite indices that include a large number of individual indicators. In this way enable a more comprehensive approach, but practically speaking there are limits to measure because the big problem is the availability of data.

Wild fire occurred in the summer 2007 on the Vidlic Mountain (Serbia) overspreading a huge area of meadows and forests. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of wild fire on the content of heavy metals in plants Aegopodium podagraria, Hypericum perforatum and Chelidonium majus belonging to the families Apiaceae, Hypericaceae and Papaveraceae. Also, we examined the content of heavy metals in soil samples on which the test plants grow a year after fire. As control samples was investigated by the appropriate plant material and soil from the site in the immediate vicinity that was not affected by the fire. Metal content in the soil was determined in the fractions of extractible, bioavailable and pseudo total cations. The content of all examined heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn) is the biggest in pseudo total cations fractions and the lowest in bioavailable cations fractions. The exception is the land on which the plant A. Podagraria grows, because the content of copper and zinc was the largest in the fraction of extractable cations. The concentration of heavy metals in all fractions was always higher in soil samples that were exposed to the fire, except in the extractible metal cations fractions of A. podagraria and H. perforatum. Lead is characterized by the highest concentration in the soil of all three plant species. The lead content was much greater in pseudo total cations fractions. The underground parts of plants that were grown on both locations have a higher concentration of lead in relation to the above-ground portion. The content of zinc was higher in the plant samples than in samples of soil where the plants are grown. Above-ground parts of all three examined plants contain more copper than the corresponding underground parts of the plant. The underground parts of examined plants from location that were not exposed to the fire have higher levels of cadmium than plants from the localities which suffered from the fire.

The results obtained during the recycling of spent nickel based catalysts that generate in the oil hydrogenation process are presented. Nickel based catalysts are used for selective hydrogenation of the highly active plants oils. The used catalysts are classified in the H11 category of hazardous materials; they are deposited on the site and are potentially dangerous to the environment. Laboratory experimental research defined optimal conditions (temperature, time and solid-liquid ratio) and technological process of catalysts recycling. Hazardous waste is being converted to the category of non-hazardous, and extracted nickel as nickel-sulphate represents commercial product. The degree of recovery of nickel is higher than 95%.

The energy performances of one residential-business building of the total usable area of 1300m2, located in Belgrade, are analyzed. The one-pipe hot-water radiator system is designed in the building, with splitters and manifolds which are designed for each apartment and each commercial property separately. Cooling system is designed as local system for each apartment and commercial property separately. Heat losses for building are calculated according to DIN 4701. Heat gains are calculated according to ASHRAE transfer function method for load gains, which includes hourly energy simulation techniques for the energy consumption analysis for Belgrade weather data. Annual energy consumption of the building, including heating, cooling, ventilation, and hot water preparation is calculated. The influence of different modes of use of the building to the total annual energy consumption is considered. The temperatures inside the rooms are varied for winter and summer conditions. The different schedules for cooling regime are considered, as a function of the presence of the user, installed lighting and electrical equipment. The influence of the internal shading to the heat gains from solar radiation in summer and also on the annual energy consumption of the building is taken into account. The energy savings that can be achieved using appropriate modes of use of the building is analyzed. Users of the building have a great influence on the building working regime and on rational use of energy.