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Additional file 11. Details about target genes and primers used for qPCR validation analyses. Listed are specific details about the qPCR genes and primers, BLASTn results of amplicon sequences, and primer properties for 41 target genes and two normalizer genes.

Objectives: To evaluate (1) the state of the art in sustainability research and (2) the outcomes of professionals’ adherence to guideline recommendations in medical practice. Design: Systematic review. Data sources: Searches were conducted until August 2015 in MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and the Guidelines International Network (GIN) library. A snowball strategy, in which reference sections of other reviews and of included papers were searched, was used to identify additional papers. Eligibility criteria: Studies needed to be focused on sustainability and on professionals’ adherence to clinical practice guidelines in medical care. Studies had to include at least 2 measurements: 1 before (PRE) or immediately after implementation (EARLY POST) and 1 measurement longer than 1 year after active implementation (LATE POST). Results: The search retrieved 4219 items, of which 14 studies met the inclusion criteria, involving 18 sustainability evaluations. The mean timeframe between the end of active implementation and the sustainability evaluation was 2.6 years (minimum 1.5–maximum 7.0). The studies were heterogeneous with respect to their methodology. Sustainability was considered to be successful if performance in terms of professionals’ adherence was fully maintained in the late postimplementation phase. Long-term sustainability of professionals’ adherence was reported in 7 out of 18 evaluations, adherence was not sustained in 6 evaluations, 4 evaluations showed mixed sustainability results and in 1 evaluation it was unclear whether the professional adherence was sustained. Conclusions: (2) Professionals’ adherence to a clinical practice guideline in medical care decreased after more than 1 year after implementation in about half of the cases. (1) Owing to the limited number of studies, the absence of a uniform definition, the high risk of bias, and the mixed results of studies, no firm conclusion about the sustainability of professionals’ adherence to guidelines in medical practice can be drawn. Results Systematic review sustainabilityFor this review, 4219 items were retrieved and screened based on title and abstract, 185 studies were assessed based on full text reading and 14 studies were selected for analyses. This data file contains the endnote file with all items and the classification.

Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is a highly prevalent, not self-limiting condition displaying a major negative impact on sexual function and emotional well-being. Various non-hormonal and hormonal treatment options are available. Many women consider GSM treatment to be a short-term interval cure rather than a long-term or lifelong treatment. The aim of this systematic literature search was to assess the sustainability of vaginal estrogens for GSM treatment after treatment cessation. We found that objective GSM signs mostly deteriorated within approximately 4 weeks after vaginal estrogen treatment cessation, while vaginal estrogens had a more sustainable impact on subjective GSM symptoms up to 3���6 months. However, overall, scientific evidence on sustainability of vaginal estrogens was low. Thus, GSM treatment should not be considered a short-term interval cure but long-term therapy. Further studies in an internationally harmonized setting (Core Outcomes in Menopause [COMMA]) are needed.

Nearly three billion people in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) rely on polluting fuels, resulting in millions of avoidable deaths annually. Polluting fuels also emit short-lived climate forcers and greenhouse gases (GHGs). Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and grid-based electricity are scalable alternatives to polluting fuels but have raised climate and health concerns. Here, we compare emissions and climate impacts of a business-as-usual household cooking fuel trajectory to four large-scale transitions to gas and/or grid electricity in 77 LMICs. We account for upstream and end-use emissions from gas and electric cooking, assuming electrical grids evolve according to the 2022 World Energy Outlook’s “Stated Policies” Scenario. We input the emissions into a reduced-complexity climate model to estimate radiative forcing and temperature changes associated with each scenario. We find full transitions to LPG and/or electricity decrease emissions from both well-mixed GHG and short-lived climate forcers, resulting in a roughly 5 millikelvin global temperature reduction by 2040. Transitions to LPG and/or electricity also reduce annual emissions of PM2.5 by over 6 Mt (99%) by 2040, which would substantially lower health risks from Household Air Pollution. Primary input data was collected from the following sources: Baseline household fuel choices - WHO household energy database (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-26036-x) End-use emissions - US EPA lifecycle assessment of household fuels (https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=339679&Lab=NRMRL&simplesearch=0&showcriteria=2&sortby=pubDate&timstype=Published+Report&datebeginpublishedpresented) Upstream emissions - Argonne National Labs GREET Model (https://greet.es.anl.gov/index.php) Current and future population estimates - UNECA (http://data.un.org/Explorer.aspx?d=EDATA) Input data was processed by defining household fuel choice scenarios, estimating national household fuel consumption based on these scenarios, and applying fuel-specific emission factors to create country-specific emission pathways. These emission pathways were input into the FaIR model (https://zenodo.org/record/5513022#.Yt_jfHbMLb0) which generated additional data for each scenario including time series of pollution concentrations, radiative forcing, and temperature changes. All data is provided in CSV format. Nothing proprietary is required. 

The COVID-19 pandemic as a disruptive event was initially considered an opportunity for a transformation towards more sustainable lifestyles. In two telephone surveys with more than 1000 participants each, we explored in October 2020 and May 2021 how people in Germany experienced the COVID-19 related situation, and in particular the lockdown restrictions. Specifically, we asked how they felt their lives had been impaired during the pandemic; which changes they had experienced as particularly bothersome; which ones they perceived to be beneficial; and how these perceptions related to either their urge to return to “normal” or, in contrast, to their openness towards lifestyle changes. Overall, we found that by 2021, the pandemic had impacted people more negatively than in 2020. Most respondents missed social contacts, traveling and cultural events. Some positive changes – e.g., spending less money for useless things – were mentioned as well. A third of the participants agreed that they would like to question their behavior before the pandemic and live more consciously. Apart from slight differences in gender, age and, most importantly, academic background, socio-economic characteristics hardly help explain why some people were more open to change than others. Therefore, we conducted a cluster analysis and found that respondents with stronger pro-environmental attitudes were more open to change, no matter how much they felt impacted by the pandemic. This finding indicates that pro-environmental values and education seem to be key for more ecologically responsible lifestyle choices. We herewith provide the original questionnaires and datasets of the surveys.

Total 200 participants, 100 male and 100 female were enrolled according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Inclusion criteria were: apparently healthy males and females, age between 19 to 30 years old and agree to participate. Exclusion criteria were: pregnancy, lactation, patients with chronic diseases as arthritis, CVD, T2DM, hypothyroidism, hypertension, and intake of drugs that can affect weight e.g. corticosteroids, anti-depressive medications and insulin. A convenient sample was chosen for selection of enrolled participants, mainly from Taibah University as well as, graduated students in addition to students’ relatives and friends. The questionnaire concerned with demographic data, family history of obesity, physical activity level, and the age of introduction of olive oil in the dietary pattern was filled by face to face interview. Anthropometric measurements were obtained by trained team based on a standardized procedure. Using the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria to define BMI categories (WHO, 1999). A BMI result of less than 18.5kg/m2 is considered underweight, 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 is normal, 25-29.9kg/m2 is overweight, while 30kg/m2 and above is obese. Waist circumference was measured using flexible measuring tape. The Waist circumference cut-offs based on ethnic specific values for European, Sub-Saharan African, Eastern Mediterranean and Middle Eastern (Arab) which is >94 centimeters for men and >80 centimeters for women. Standardized methods were used for measurements. The weight was measured using electronic weight scale, while the height was measured using a stadiometer. Regarding Waist circumference measure, participants were asked to stand with back straight. Heavy clothing was removed from the waist line. The tape was aligned at the top of the hip bone (iliac crest) parallel with the edge of the last palpable rib (nearly 2 centimeters above the navel). The waist measure was taken at the end of a normal expiration and approximated to the nearest 0.5 cm. In accordance to WC definition, exclusion was done for obese and underweight participants (WHO, 2008). Detailed 24-hours recall were taken for two days and the mean level was calculated. Describing dietary intake with a special emphasis on olive oil consumption. Total olive oil consumption per day included green and black olives intake. Each three olives contain one gram of olive oil according to Diet Organizer analysis. Nutritional supplement intake was considered in the diet analysis. References: WHO. (1999). WHO consultation on obesity Obesity : preventing and managing the global epidemic : report of a WHO consultation. Retrieved from Geneva, Switzerland: http://apps.who.int/bmi/index.jsp?introPage=intro_3.html WHO. (2008). Waist circumference and waist-hip ratio: report of a WHO expert consultation. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/obesity/WHO_report_waistcircumference_and_waisthip_ratio/en/

ABSTRACT Solanum paniculatum L. (jurubeba) is among the numerous medicinal plants used by the Brazilian population, and the use of its leaves is quite popular, in the form of tea, as a remedy against hangovers after excessive consumption of alcohol and food, besides being used in the form of ointments as healing agent and also in the treatment of liver and digestive problems. Leaves of medicinal plants usually have a high moisture content, requiring its reduction by drying, so that the product can be stored safely until its processing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the drying kinetics of jurubeba leaves and to determine the effective diffusion coefficient and activation energy during drying. Jurubeba leaves were dried at different air temperatures (30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 °C) and speed (0.4 and 0.8 m s-1). The Midilli model satisfactorily fitted to the observed data of drying of jurubeba leaves for all air conditions. Increasing the drying air temperature and speed reduced the drying time and increased the effective diffusion coefficient. For the air temperature range from 40 to 70 °C, as the drying air speed increases, the activation energy for the drying of the jurubeba leaves is reduced.

Variation in food resources can result in dramatic fluctuations in the body condition of animals dependent on those resources. Decreases in body mass can disrupt patterns of energy allocation and impose stress, thereby altering immune function. In this study we investigated links between changes in body mass of captive cane toads (Rhinella marina), their circulating white blood cell populations, and their performance in immune assays. Captive toads that lost weight over a 3-month period had increased levels of monocytes and heterophils and reduced levels of eosinophils. Basophil and lymphocyte levels were unrelated to changes in mass. Because individuals that lost mass had higher heterophil levels but stable lymphocyte levels, the ratio of these cell types was also higher, partially consistent with a stress response. Phagocytic ability of whole blood was higher in toads that lost mass, due to increased circulating levels of phagocytic cells. Other measures of immune performance were unrelated to mass change. These results highlight the challenges faced by invasive species as they expand their range into novel environments which may impose substantial seasonal changes in food availability that were not present in the native range. Individuals facing energy restrictions may shift their immune function towards more economical and general avenues of combating pathogens.