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V ABSTRACT SYNTHESIS OF AND STEREOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON 3-a-NAPHTYL SUBSTITUTED OXAZOLHHNEDIONE AND THIAZOLIDINEDIONE DERIVATIVES In this study, sterically hindered, 5-methyl-3-(a-naphtyl)-2,4-oxazolidinedione, 5,5- dimethyl-3-(a-naphtyl)-2,4-oxazolidinedione, 3-(a-naphtyl)-2,4-thiazolidinedione, 5- methyl-3-(a-naphtyl)-2,4-thiazolidinedione, and 3-(a-naphtyl)rhodanine have been synthesized. Diastereomeric isomers of the synthesized compounds have been detected by lH NMR and High Pressure Liquid Chromatography. The energy barriers for the rotation around the C-N bond of 5-methyl-3-(a-naphtyl)-2,4-oxazolidinedione, 5,5-dimethyl-3-(a- naphtyl)-2,4-oxazolidinedione and 5-methyl-3-(a-naphtyl)-2,4-thiazolidinedione have been determined by using lH NMR, ]H dynamic NMR and high pressure liquid chromatography. With ]H NMR, and, high pressure liquid chromatography, the concentration change of diastereomers due to conversion of one to the other with time has been observed, hence the energy barrier has been calculated. With dynamic NMR studies, the coalescence temperatures have been determined, and energy barriers have been determined. VI ÖZET 3-a-NAFTIL OXAZOLIDINDION VE TIAZOLIDINDION TÜREVLERİNDE SENTEZ VE STEREOKİMYA ÇALIŞMALARI Bu çalışmada sterik engelli, 5-metil-3-(a-naftil)-2,4-oxazolidindion, 5,5-dimetil-3- (a-naftil)-2,4-oxazolidindion, 3-(a-naftil)-2,4-tiazolidindion, 5-metil-3-(a-naftiı)-2,4- tiazolidindion, ve 3-(a-naftil)rodanin sentezlenmiştir. Sentezlenen maddelerin diastereomerik izomerleri 'H NMR ve HPLC kullanılarak izlenmiş ve aymlmıştır. C-N bağının etrafındaki sterik engelli dönmenin aktivasyon enerjisi 5-metil-3-(a-naftil)-2,4-oxazolidindion, 5,5-dimetil-3-(a-naftil)-2,4-oxazolidindion ve 5-metil-3-(a-naftil)-2,4-tiazolidindion için !H NMR, lR dinamik NMR ve HPLC kullamlarak saptanmıştır. lH NMR, ve HPLC kullanılarak, diastereomerlerin engelli dönüş sayesinde zamanla birbirlerine dönüşümleri, derişimlerindeki değişimler gözlenerek kaydedilmiştir. Bu sayede sterik dönme için aktivasyon enerjileri hesaplanmıştır. Dinamik NMR çalışmalarıyla da maddelerin bitişme dereceleri bulunmuş, ve bu sıcaklıklar sterik engelli dönmenin aktivasyon enerjisinin hesaplanmasında kullanılmıştır. 54

90 SUMMARY This study was performed in the Surgical Research Laboratory of Erciyes University Medical School, between September 1990 - November 1990. Three groups of dogs, each group is composed of five dogs, were included in the study. The first group was given a carbohydrate diet and the second group was given a carbohydrate diet added ethanol account % 35 of total calorie and the third group was given a control diet for during 12 weeks. Blood samples were taken before and after the study. Ultrasonography was performed after the study and laparatomy was done. After91 chalesystectomy, the materials were examined for stone, sludge and crystals. Liver biopsies were taken and the biopsy material and gallbladder were examined h istopatolog ica 1 ly. In the first group, gallstones in two dogs, bile sludge in three dogs, and calcium bilirubinate crystals in all were observed- In the second group; no gallstone was observed, but a little bile sludge in a dog and there was some calcium bilirubinate, crystalloid in another dog. The levels of the total plasma cholesterol, the plasma calcium and the bile cholesterol, the bile calcium and the bile salts in the first group were, all found higher than the second and the control groups values (P < O. 05 ). The diet with ethanol reduced the effect of lithogenic diet and decreased all of these values. There was no significant differences among the total bile b i 1 i rub i ne values of the three groups. In addition, using the diet with carbohydrate, decreased the HDL cholesterol values and increased the plasma cholesterol values. However ethanol increased HDL cholesterol values and decreased plasma cholesterol values by increasing LpL ac t i v i ty. 102

SUMMARY Ultrasonographicaily guided percutaneous ethanol injection is a useful, safe and inexpensive procedure which is being used for treating a number of benign and malig nant conditions and it is regarded as an alternative to the surgical procedures. This study was carried out in the Ultrasonography Unit of the Radiodiagnosis Department of Gazi University Medical School. The patients were referred to our department by En docrinology and Internal Medicine Departments, between January 1 992-December 1992. 11 patients who were Included in our study were diagnosed as autonomous thyroid nodule by the help of physical examination, clinical manifestations, hormonal evaluations and sintigraphic investigations. We treated these patients with percutaneous ethano injection which was guided by ultrasonography. The amount of the ethanol used, was between 0.5-9 mi and it was related to the voiume of the nodule (0.5 cc/mi). By using a 7.5 MHz linear array transducer and 22 gauge Chlba needle ethanol injection was repeated 1 to 2 times a week and a total of 4-8 times. After the therapy 1 -1 1 month (mean 7 months) controls revealed that the symptoms disappeared and hormons returned to normal levels. By the help of sintigraphy we saw that the normal thyroid tis sue which was suppressed before the therapy regained its normal function. When we performed ultrasonographic controls we evaluated that the voiume of the nodule got smaller and there were changes in the internal structures. We did not report any com plications during or after the procedure. We think that percutaneous ethanol injection can be used as an alternative ablative technique for the treatment of autonomous thyroid nodules. 55 ÖZET Ultrasonografi kılavuzluğunda perkütan etanol enjeksiyonu, pek çok benign ve malign patolojilerin tedavisinde cerrahi tedaviye alternatif oiarak yıllar boyunca başarı ile kullanılan yararlı, güvenli ve maliyeti düşük bir tedavi yöntemidir. Gazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Radyodiagnostik Anabilim Dalı Ultrasonografi Ünitesi'nde Ocak 1992-Âralık 1 992 tarihleri arasında Gazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dahiiiye Anabilim Dalı Endokrinoloji Bölümü tarafından fizik muayene, klinik bulgular, hormon değerleri ve sintigrafik bul gulara göre otonom tiroid nodülü tanısı konulan 11 olguya tedavi amacı ile ultrasonografi kılavuzluğunda perkütan etanol enjeksiyonu uyguladık. Nodul volümüne bağlı olarak (0.5 cc/mf) 0.5-9 mi. etanol (%96'lık etil alkol), haftada 1 -2 defa olmak üzere toplam 4-8 defa 7.5 MHz lineer-array transdüser eşliğinde 22 gauge Chiba iğnesi ile nodul içine enjekte edildi. Tedaviler sonrasındaki 1-11 aylık (ort. 7 ay) kontrollerde hastaların semptomlarının kaybolduğunu ve hormon düzeylerinin normal seviyelerde olduğunu, sintigrafi ile tedavi öncesinde baskılanmış olan normal tiroid dokusunun fonksiyon kazandığını belirledik. Ultrasonografik kontrollerde ise nodul voiümünde küçülme ve iç yapılarında değişiklikler saptandı. Tedaviler sırasında veya sonrasında belirgin komplikasyon gözlenmedi. Sonuçlarımız ve literatür bilgileri doğrultusunda perkütan etanol enjeksiyonunun otonom tiroid nodülierinin tedavisinde diğer abiatif tedavi yöntemleri ile karşılaştırıldığında seçilebilecek alternatif bir tedavi yöntemi olduğunu düşünmekteyiz. 54 60

Nickel-titanium alloy arch-wires are the most frequently used biomaterials thanks to their biocompatibility in orthodontic treatment. Despite these properties we have some evidence about carcinogenic, mutagenic and cytotoxic effects of the materials is associated with their corrosion properties. In this study, we aimed to investigate the genotoxic effects using Micronucleus (MN) technique in 32 patients (consisting of 16 boys and 16 girls whose ages range from 12 to 17) undergoing the Ni-Ti arc-wires treatment. Also, some bioelement (Fe, Cu and Zn) levels in saliva were determined for certain sampling times. The sampling time for patients is 0 (as control) 7th, 15th, 30th, 45th, 60th and 90th days. The mean MN frequency per 1000 cells has increased significantly in days 7, 15, 30 and 45 compared to the control group. However, there was not a significant difference between the 60th and the control group. In addition, the mean MN frequency in the 90th day was found to decrease significantly compared to the control group. Cu values in the saliva samples showed a statistically significant increase in all experimental groups compared to the control group, while there was a significant decrease in Fe and Zn values compared to the control group. Consequently, it has been determined that the genotoxic effects related to Ni-Ti alloy wire were at identifiable levels; however, these effects did not pose a problem in terms of the long-term biocompatibility of the materials. 52nd Congress of the European-Societies-of-Toxicology (EUROTOX) -- SEP 04-07, 2016 -- Seville, SPAIN European Society of Toxicology WOS: 000402436700891

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent xenobiotics with harmful effects on humans and wildlife. Their levels in the environment and accumulation in biota must be carefully controlled especially in species harvested from wild populations and commonly used as medicines. Our objective has been to determine PBDE concentrations (BDEs 28, 47, 66, 85, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183 and 209) in Centaurium erythraea collected at sites with various levels of environmental pollution. PBDE congener profiles in C. erythraea were dominated by BDE209, which accounted for 47-89% of the total PBDE burden in the plants. Principal Component and Classification Analysis, which classifies the concentration of PBDEs in C. erythraea, allowed us to distinguish the pattern of these compounds characteristic for the origin of pollution: BDEs 28, 47, 66, 85, 99, 100 for lignite and general chemical industry and the vicinity of an expressway and BDEs 183 and 209 for a thermal power plant and ferrochrome smelting industry. Careful selection of sites with C. erythraea for medicinal purposes is necessary as this herb can accumulate PBDEs while growing at polluted sites.

To evaluate treatment outcomes of embolization for peripheral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in a tertiary referral center where ethanol is the primary agent of choice.A retrospective study was performed of 93 patients (median age, 31 years; range, 2-66 years) with peripheral AVMs treated with embolization (n = 442; median, 2 per patient; range, 1-82) between January 2010 and July 2016. Ethanol was used in most cases (n = 428; 97%). AVMs were classified as type I (n = 3), type II (n = 57), type IIIa (n = 5), type IIIb (n = 15), and type IV (n = 13) according to the Yakes classification system. Effectiveness of embolization was based on AVM devascularization on angiography: 100% (total), 90%-99% (near-total), 70%-90% (substantial), 30%-70% (partial), and 0%-30% (failure). Complications were graded according to the Society of Interventional Radiology classification.In 69% of patients, 70%-100% devascularization was achieved. Total and near-total occlusion of the nidus were more often achieved in AVMs of types I and IIIa (both 100%) than in AVMs of types II, IIIb, and IV (56%, 67%, and 39%, respectively; P = .019). A total of 109 complications were identified: 101 minor (22.9%) and 8 major (1.8%). Major complications included wounds (n = 5), false aneurysm (n = 1), finger contracture (n = 1), and severe pain (n = 1) requiring therapy. The patient complication risk was significantly affected by the number of procedures (relative risk = 2.0; P < .001). Age, AVM location, and angioarchitecture type did not significantly affect complication risk.AVM embolization resulted in 70%-100% devascularization in 69% of patients, with few major complications. This study indicates that the type of AVM angioarchitecture affects the number of procedures needed and the achievability of AVM devascularization.

ABSTRACT Master Thesis REACTION MECHANISMS OF MODEL COMPOUNDS OF COAL IN TETRALIN WITH MICROWAVE ENERGY Elif ERAY Ankara University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Chemical Engineering Supervisor : Prof. Dr. Taner TO?RUL Reaction mechanisms of model compounds of coal in tetralin by microwave energy were investegated. Diphenylmethan (DFM), phenyl- methyl ether (anisol), phenyl-methyl ketone (acetophenon) were chosen as model compounds. Experiments were carried out for 10, IS, 20, 25 and 30 minutes of microwave energy and different catalysts were used (Pd, pyratol, zeolit, NiCr, BaCl2, AINiMo, AlCoMo, DDKL, DDKL/NiMo, VI 7/3, Al203-Si02, klynoptilolite, ZSM-5) to find out the distribution of reaction products of the model compounds. GC and GC/MS is used to analyze the reaction products. Pyratol, BaCh, AINiMo and zeolite were found to be the most active catalysts. The main reaction products from DFM and tetralin under microwave radiation with catalysts were ethyl benzene, naphthalene, 2-methyl naphthalene, 3,4-dihydronaphthaleneone, l-l'-ethyldene 1-benzene and 1- methyl 4-phenyl methyl benzene. The main reaction products from anisol and tetralin under microwave radiation were ethyl benzene, phenol, methyl phenol, decahydronaphthalene, tetrahydronaphfhalenol. The main reaction products from acetophenon and tetralin under microwave radiation with catalysts were ethyl benzene, methoxy benzene, decahydronaphthalene, naphthalene, tetrahydronaphthalenoL 3,4- dihydronaphthalenone ve 2-buten-l-one-l,3 diphenyl. The estimated mechanism of the model compounds with tetralin is compared with the results taken from GC/MS analysis. It is obtained mat teoric estimations were simalar with the GC/MS results. 2001, 110 pages Key Words : Coal model compounds, microwave energy, hydrogenation ÖZET Yüksek Lisans Tezi KÖMÜR MODEL BÎLEŞİKLERÎNİN MİKRODALGA ENERJİ ÎLE TETRALÎNDE TEPKİME MEKANİZMASININ İNCELENMESİ ElifERAY Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Kimya Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı Danışman : Prof. Dr. Taner TOĞRUL Kömür model bileşiklerinin mikrodalga enerji ortamında tetralin ile tepkimeleri incelenmiştir. Model bileşik olarak difenilmetan (DFM), fenil- metil eter (anisol), fenil-metil keton (asetofenon) seçilmiş ve bu model bileşiklerin tetralin ile farklı katalizörler varlığında (Pd, pyratol, zeolit, NiCr, BaCl2, AINiMo, AİCoMo, DDKL, DDKL/NiMo, V17/3, Alimıma silikat, klinoptilolit, ZSM-5) 10, 15, 20, 25 ve 30 dakikalık sürelerde tepkime ürünleri araştırılmıştır. Tepkime ürünleri GC ve GC/MS ile analizlenmiş ve model bileşiklerin tetralin ile tepkimesi için etkin katalizörlerin pyratol, BaCl2, AINiMo ve zeolit olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Seçilen katalizörler varlığında tetralin ve DFM' nin tepkimeleri sonunda başlıca ürünlerin etil benzen, naftalin, 2-metil naftalin, 3,4- dihidronaftalenon, 1-P-etiliden 1-benzen, ve 1-metil 4-fenil metil benzen olduğu saptanmıştır. Anisol ve tetralinin tepkimelerindeki ürünlerin ise etil benzen, fenol, metil fenol, dekahidronaftalin, tetrahidronaftalenol gibi ürünlere rastlanmıştır. Tetralin ile asetofenonun tepkime ürünlerinde de etil benzen, metoksi benzen, dekahidronaftalin, naftalin, tetrahidro naftalenol, 3,4-dihidro naftalenon ve 2-büten-l-on-l,3 difenil gibi ürünlere rastlanmıştır. Bu model bileşiklerle tetralinin muhtemel tepkimeleri için önerilen mekanizmalar GC/MS analizi sonucu elde edilen ürünlerle kıyaslanmış ve teorik olarak önerilen tepkime mekanizmalarının uygun olduğu görülmüştür. 2001, 110 sayfa ANAHTAR KELİMELER: Kömür model bileşikleri, mikrodalga enerji, bidrojenasyon 110

Public health messages should focus on alcohol and obesity while we wait for clearer evidence on dietary components

The protective effects of the proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole on gastric mucosal damage induced by ethanol-HCl or hemorrhagic shock were investigated in the present study. The morphometric analysis of gastric histological sections revealed that lansoprazole dose-dependently reduced mucosal injury evoked by ethanol-HCl (ED50 = 24.3 micromol/kg) or hemorrhagic shock (ED50 = 38.9 micromol/kg), these effects being associated with marked increments of Alcian blue recovery from gastric bound mucus (ED50 = 31.4 micromol/kg and 27.6 micromol/kg, respectively). In addition, lansoprazole inhibited gastric acid secretion from pylorus-ligated rats (ED50 = 9.8 micromol/kg). Further experiments, performed on rats with ethanol-HCl-induced gastric injury, indicated that the protective effects of lansoprazole were not modified by L-365,260, suramin, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine, or systemic ablation of capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves, whereas they were partly blocked by indomethacin and fully prevented by N-ethyl-maleimide. In addition, lansoprazole did not modify somatostatin concentrations in gastric mucosa. The present results provide evidence that lansoprazole prevents the necrotic damage of gastric mucosa induced by ethanol-HCl or hemorrhagic shock. According to the rank order of ED50 values, these effects appear to depend mainly on the enhancement of the gastric mucus barrier rather than on the reduction of acid secretion. It is also proposed that an increased production of prostaglandins, as well as an increased availability of sulfhydryl compounds at level of gastric mucosa may account for the gastroprotective effects of lansoprazole.