• Energy Research
• 13. Climate action close
• 14. Life underwater close
• Indonesian close

The research was conducted in January-Februari 2015 in coastal waters of Jago-Jago, North Sumatera.The aims ofthis study were to determine the nutrient content of sediment in seagrass ecosystem and to determine the ratio of C:N:P in the sediments by different sediment characteristics and determine the relationship of nutrient with density and biomass of seagrass. The parameters measured were included physical and chemical parameters of marine waters. The density was computed using a quadratic transect, while seagrass biomass was calculated by measuring dry weight of shoot. The value ratio of C:N:P in the sediment was obtained through the determination of carbon (C) in total by the method of Walkley & Black, total of nitrogen by Kjehdahl method and phosphorus total with Double Acid method. The results showed the average carbon content was 1.32117 to 2.47813%, the average nitrogen content was 0.63114 to 1.5468% and the average phosphorus was from 0.00002 to 0.0004%. The density of seagrass in the village of Jago-Jago was between 29 to 56.3 shoots/m2 and biomass of seagrass was between 651.26 to 1261.34 g/m2. Station III had a ratio of C:N:P =12011:14062:1 and provided good leverage, this can be indicated also by the total biomass and density of seagrass at this station was the highest. The C-organic, Nitrogen and Phosphorus in the sediment with density and biomass of seagrass had a weak relationship, there are other factors that might affect the density and biomass of seagrass in which were not measured in this study.

The limited resources of oil and the increase in population is one of the problems in the world, it is that drives us to do development and research on the alternative fuel. Biogas is a fuel derived from palm oil waste, and manure can be used as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. In this study, the biogas is used as a fuel in a diesel engine generator set stationary single-cylinder modified with dual fuel system (dual fuel) to generate electricity. To determine the effect of the performance of the machine, we variasikannya with biogas fuel flow rate. Performance is calculated is the power, torque, thermal efficiency, fuel consumption (SFC) and the ratio of air to fuel (AFR) with test machines using a static load of 600, 900, 1200 and 1500 Watt, as well as engine speed is increased slowly from 1000 up to 1500 RPM, and the addition of a catalytic converter in the hope of reducing exhaust emissions. Then the performance test results were compared with the same diesel engine generator set, using pure diesel fuel, so that it can be seen the influence of biogas for diesel engine performance. And also testing exhaust emissions to meet the eligibility standardization of engines that use diesel fuel and biogas. Also the economic value ratio calculation to determine the efficiency of the economic value of the fuel changes. From the test results showed that, the power and torque of the engine tends to increase for several biogas stream flow rate, increased thermal efficiency for the entire biogas flow rate decreases while the SFC and the AFR for the entire biogas flow rate. By using biogas, can reduce the consumption of diesel fuel (diesel economic value). 100401075

In order to decrease subsidy cost of kerosene consumption, Indonesian government right now proposes to convert kerosene to LPG. Consequently, the price of kerosene is expensive in society. LPG can be alternatively used as fuel for the petromax lamp. The use of LPG for the petromax lamp fuel is strongly recommended for sidewalk food sellers as source of light at night if the electricity source is not available. Therefore, it is important to investigate some advantages of the use of LPG as replacing of kerosene for the petromax lamp. The performance of the petromax lamp using LPG as fuel had been carried out with parameters: rate of fuel consumption and light intensity, representing to the need of energy consumption. In the view of economic, the performance of the petromax lamp using LPG was also compared with the performance of petromax lamp using kerosene. The results show that the use of LPG is more clearly efficiency than those of use of kerosene. The fuel energy needed by the petromax lamp to generate lighting is around 224.87MJ/h for kerosene and 213.24 MJ/h for LPG. The energy consumption of LPG is decreased by a factor of 1.05. Economically, the comparison of the price between kerosene and LPG is very significant. The price of kerosene consumption per hour was approximate Rp.941.00, whereas the price of LPG consumption per hour was approximate Rp. 368.00. This shows that if the petromax lamp is operated using LPG for 6 h, the seller foods can save around of Rp 3,438.00.

. Penggunaan citra penginderaan jauh dalam menghadapi dampak Perubahan iklim saat ini, memerlukan data geospasialdalam identifikasi dampak dan sumber sumber yang berpengaruh terhadap Perubahan iklim. Dampak Perubahan iklim yangberdampak pada lahan dan lingkungan dapat dikaji dari penginderaan jauh, adalah suhu udara, curah hujan, kenaikan air laut(batimetri) dan proses kebakaran lahan. Dampak Perubahan iklim terhadap sumberdaya lahan dapat dikaji dengan penginderaanjauh seperti berkurangnya areal hutan, kebakaran hutan dan lahan, Perubahan ekologi dan kondisi hutan dan keanekaragamanhayati. Perubahan lahan, akibat kekeringan kebanjiran atau Perubahan luapan. Penginderaan jauh dapat mengkaji kenaikan suhu,dan estimasi emisi gas rumah kaca selain Perubahan pola curah hujan, dan kejadian iklim ekstrim. Intrusi air laut yang berkaitandengan Perubahan garis pantai dapat dirunut dari penginderaan jauh. Data spasial dari penginderaan jauh juga menjadi dasarpenggunaan tanaman rendah emisi, cara mengelola air untuk mengurangi terjadinya oksidasi bahan organik. Peran penginderaanjauh untuk mitigasi Perubahan iklim dapat diperhatikan dalam hal pengamatan sumberdaya lahan dan hidrologi, lahan gambut,biomasa sebagai sumber cadangan karbon, monitoring Perubahan pengunaan lahan, indikator penting terjadinya Perubahankondisi hidrologi. Makalah ini membahas peranan teknik penginderaan jauh dalam menyikapi dampak Perubahan iklim terhadapsumber daya tanah dan air di Indonesia dengan contoh-contoh aplikasi yang telah dilakukan. . The use of remote sensing image in the face of climate change impacts at this time, require the identification of theimpact of geospatial data and resources that affect climate change. Impact of climate change on land and environmental impactcan be seen from remote sensing, is the air temperature, precipitation, sea level rise (bathymetry) and the process of land fires.The impact of climate change can be observed by remote sensing through the reduction of forest area, forest and land fires,changes in forest conditions and the ecology and biodiversity changes in land, flood or drought due to changes in the floodingbehaviour. Remote sensing can assess the increase in temperature, and estimation of greenhouse gas emissions in addition tochanges in rainfall patterns, and extreme climate events. Seawater intrusion associated with changes in the shoreline can betraced from remote sensing. Spatial data from remote sensing is also the basis for the use of low-emission plants, how to managethe water to reduce the oxidation of organic matter. The role of remote sensing for the mitigation of climate change can beaddressed in terms of land resources and hydrological observations, peat, biomass as a source of carbon stocks, monitoringchanges in land use, an important indicator of changes in hydrological conditions. This paper discusses the role of remote sensingtechniques in addressing the impacts of climate change on land and water resources in Indonesia with examples of applicationsthat have been done.

Agricultural sector than as producers of renewable energy as well as a potentialuser. The calculation of the balance between production and use of renewableenergy in the agricultural sector needs to be studied simultaneously, in line withtechnological developments in energy and agriculture. This evaluation will be usefulto assess the efficiency of the agribusiness in Indonesia in terms of increasingnational agricultural productivity and environmental conservation through renewableenergy. Agricultural products that have the potential to be used as an oil substitute isbiodiesel. Apart from a fairly competitive selling point, biodiesel is also consideredenvironmentally friendly and a renewable energy because it uses raw materials fromagricultural products. During the last five-year period in which oil prices soar, theprice of biodiesel is lower to the substitution of petroleum products and the potentialand feasible to produce. The results of the NPV (Rp 44.7 billion) and IRR (38.94percent) in this study demonstrate the feasibility of biodiesel production.

Generator set is one of the devices able to produces electrics. Generator set used when electrics supply of PLN insufficient or even there no. This matter experienced in Kuta Malaka, Aceh Besar, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam there will be developed a tour area. Because electrical supply from PLN not yet, power electric to support the area used generator set. Future, that tour area apply hydro power station for electrical energy requirement. From that background, the purpose of water potential survey was conducted to get beginning data and information of water power potential as reference to develop PLTMH. The potential survey cover determination of location and head measurement use global positioning system Garmin GPSMAP 76CSx. The other using altimeter, head also was measure manually used the meter by spirit level and string method. The river rate of flow measurement within measuring to speed of rivers flow use propeller devices or current meters brand Flowatch. From data of PLTMH potential survey in Kuta Malaka area known that there are three potential locations able to be developed as PLTMH with effective head 5 until 16 meter and output power 3.7 until 9.1 kW.

Biodiesel is one of the most potential of alternative energy as a renewable and environmentally friendly. Processing biodiesel is generally made by transesterification using heterogeneous base catalyst. Chicken bone ash (CaO) is a heterogeneous base catalyst non-corrosive and environmentally friendly, can be easily separated from the product by filtration and disposal issues fewer than homogeneous catalysts. This catalyst was isolated from chicken bones made by milling chicken bones and do calcination process. Some other important variables other than the selection of the catalyst is the catalyst dosage, molar ratio and the reaction temperature. The highest yield of biodiesel produced was 90.052 % with the molar ratio is 17: 1, reaction temperature is 70 ° C and 7% catalyst (w / w) with reaction time of 7 hours and stirring speed of 500 rpm as a constant variable. 110405095

Fossil fuel consumption are increasing rapidly and has increased, while fossil fuel reserves are limited, research is directed towards alternative renewable fuels. A potensial diesel fuel substitute is biodiesel. On this research cooking palm oil and ethanol are converted to biodiesel using base catalyst potassium hydroxide (KOH) with transesterification reaction scheme. Reaction take place during 4 hour at temperature 78oC,with comparison of ethanol : cooking palm oil molar ratio 6 : 1, by batch process and atmosphere pressure. The biodiesel obtained was analysed using gas chromatography (GC). In this research, transesterification can produce 76,8 % etyl ester.Then carried out with the blending of biodiesel and diesel fuel mixture composition 60%, 70%, 85%, and test characteristics such as density, flash point, distillation, copper strip corrosion, colour. The results obtained from the characteristic value of density, distillation, copper strip corrosion, colour of all fuel products approaching the diesel fuel value as a comparison and to meet the range specification diesel fuel. Flash point value fuel products is still high compared with the value of diesel fuel flash point of comparison. 087006026

Biogas is potential for use as a fuel because of high methane content. However, the content of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the biogas is very harmful because it can cause corrosive to the equipment and can pollute the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to purify the Biogas first before being used as fuel either by absorption method. Much research is done to reduce the H2S content in biogas physically, one with the membrane. However, membrane costly and so difficult to apply high-tech into society. Purification of biogas H2S content of the chemical absorption method gives various advantages. The advantage is high efficiency, fast reaction rates, and effectively used for low gas flow rate at normal conditions. Absorber used in this study were NaOH, CuSO4, dan Fe2(SO4)3 .Absorbent solution flowed into the packed column absorber, in contact with biogas flowing in counter current. The results indicate that the third absorbent NaOH, CuSO4, and Fe2 (SO4)3 can absorb H2S. It is known that chemical absorption is affected by the fluid flow rate and the ratio L / G. From this study it was found that increasing the flow rate of absorbent causing the growing number of H2S is absorbed as well by increasing the ratio L / G is the amount of H2S is absorbed more and more as well. Although all three absorber can absorb H2S, NaOH is more reactive than CuSO4, and Fe2 (SO4) 2.

Nowadays, people talk a lot about energy crisis problem. In fact, demand for energy grows every year while this growing demand is not matched by the growth of the energy source. As the impact, future generation will possibly face energy crisis. In Indonesia, the effort to conserve energy still has not been considered by many parties. Just in these recent years, Greenship certification which is awarded by GBCI (Green Building Council Indonesia) to certified green buildings in Indonesia, started to be recognized by project stakeholders and moreover in short time, Greenship will be one of requierements for applying building permit (IMB) in Surabaya. OTTV (Overall Thermal Transfer Value) calculation is one of criteria in Greenship assessment, where heat transfer through the whole building envelope is minimized to reduce building cooling load. The maximum value of OTTV is 35 W/m2 based on SNI 03-6389-2011. This research is conducted to study whether the OTTV of P1 and P2 of Petra Christian University Surabaya building has met this standard or not. If not, OTTV will be minimized by considering the facade material selection.