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A set of environmental variables have been collected for a period of 7 consecutive years (2016-2022, from April/May to September/October, during the glacial melting season) along a longitudinal transect of the Saldur stream, a near pristine glacier-fed stream located in South Tyrol, Italy (46°N, 10° E), part of the International Long Term Ecological Research (ILTER) network (site code: LTER_EU_IT_100). From year 2016 on, a small run-of-river (ROR) hydropower plant (max. 3,200 kW/year) started to operate on the stream, located in close proximity to site Saldur_2A. The potential impact on the riverine ecosystem was largely investigated, and resulted to be negligible. Extensive details on this topic can be found reading the scientific publications: Scotti et al. (2022; doi:10.3389/fenvs.2022.902603) and Scotti et al. (2022; doi:10.3389/fenvs.2022.904547).The environmental variables measured (as spot-measurement) were: suspended solids (mL/L); specific conductance at 25° C (mS/cm), water temperature (°C), calculation of the bottom component of the Pfankuch index. Whilst only in 2018 turbidity (NFU) was measured instead of suspended solids, and all the measurements were conducted using a multiparameter meter (HI9829, Hanna Instruments), for all the remaining years suspended solids were measured after 30 minutes of water sedimentation in a Imhoff cone, and specific conductance through a portable conductimeter (Cond 7, XS Instruments). More methodological details can be found in Scotti & Bottarin (2021; doi:10.1038/s41597-021-00887-x).

Water stable isotope data (both hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of H2O) from the Snoqualmie River Basin from 2017-2018. This data was paired with USGS gauge data so includes watershed characteristics at the gaging stations near where water isotopes were collected. Water isotopes were collected throughout the basin to cover the range of elevation and stream sizes. Water isotopes were collected 5 times at all locations, and approximately twice monthly at the main stem of the Snoqualmie and larger tributaries.

The data used in this article are related to the rice yield following the use of the RiceAdvice technology recommendation and the rice yield following the recommended level of fertilizer recommendations. The data were collected in 5 sites in Mali. In all sites, rice yield with RiceAdvice was higher than rice yield following the conventional levels of fertilizer. On average, rice yield with RiceAdvice was 0.7 t/ha higher than rice yield with the conventional level of fertilizer recommendations.

The dataset includes 90 global food system and land use scenarios developed with the model BioBaM-GHG 2.0. The scenarios have been developed for assessing the global potential of forest regeneration for climate mitigation to 2050 under various food system pathways, i.e. diets, crop yield developments, land requirements for energy crops, and two variants of grassland use. The scenarios include the following data on country level: Land use and land-use change, cropland area by crop group, grazing area by quality classes, crop production by crop groups, crop consumption by crop groups and use types, crop wastes (losses), net imports/exports, production and consumption of animal products, grass supply and demand, GHG emissions from land-use change, GHG emissions from agricultural activities, and total cumulated GHG emissions. The main model result in this context, cumulative carbon sequestration from forest regeneration until 2050, is calculated as difference between the parameters "GHG emissions from land use change (cumulative) (Mt CO2e)" and "GHG emissions from land use change excluding C stock changes from natural succession (cumulative) (Mt CO2e)". Please refer to the related publication "Exploring the option space for land system futures at regional to global scales: The diagnostic agro-food, land use and greenhouse gas emission model BioBaM-GHG 2.0" (Kalt et al., 2021 - currently under review at Ecological Modelling) for further information. This work was funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) within project P29130-G27 GELUC.

The dataset covers biotic and abiotic data from the aquatic habitat of a population of the sediment-rooted macrophyte Myriophyllum spicatum in the temperate climate region (The Netherlands). The growth of M. spicatum was monitored in 0.2025 m2 plant baskets installed in an experimental ditch. Parameters monitored included biomass (fresh and dry weight), shoot length, seasonal short-term growth rates of shoots, relevant environmental parameters and weather data. This dataset includes the 2-year experimental biotic (macrophyte biomass and growth data) and environmental data (water quality data, sediment data). A second file includes the statistical data. A third file includes the weather data.

Salmonids are of immense socio-economic importance in much of the world but are threatened by climate change. This has generated a substantial literature documenting effects of climate variation on salmonid productivity in freshwater ecosystems, but there has been no global quantitative synthesis across studies. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to gain quantitative insight into key factors shaping the effects of climate on salmonid productivity, ultimately collecting 1,321 correlations from 156 studies, representing 23 species across 24 countries. Fisher’s Z was used as the standardized effect size, and a series of weighted mixed-effects models were compared to identify covariates that best explained variation in effects. Patterns in climate effects were complex, and were driven by spatial (latitude, elevation), temporal (time-period, age-class), and biological (range, habitat type, anadromy) variation within and among study populations. These trends were often consistent with predictions based on salmonid thermal tolerances. Namely, warming and decreased precipitation tended to reduce productivity when high temperatures challenged upper thermal limits, while opposite patterns were common when cold temperatures limited productivity. Overall, variable climate impacts on salmonids suggest that future declines in some locations may be counterbalanced by gains in others. In particular, we suggest that future warming should (1) increase salmonid productivity at high latitudes and elevations (especially >60° and >1,500m), (2) reduce productivity in populations experiencing hotter and dryer growing season conditions, (3) favor non-native over native salmonids, and (4) impact lentic populations less negatively than lotic ones. These patterns should help conservation and management organizations identify populations most vulnerable to climate change, which can then be prioritized for protective measures. Our framework enables broad inferences about future productivity that can inform decision-making under climate change for salmonids and other taxa, but more widespread, standardized, and hypothesis-driven research is needed to expand current knowledge. See README document and R code. See README document.

Oil and gas well production data (2000-2022), including water production and injection, as well as summary information (e.g., well count by status, total vertical depth statistics, etc.) spatially summarized by Watershed Boundary Dataset's (WBD) region (Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) 2) and subbasin (HUC8). Energy-related produced waters data were acquired and summarized in support of the development of the National Energy Technology Laboratory's NEWTS (National Energy Water Treatment and Speciation Database). Due to the proprietary nature of the wellbore data, this derived product has been spatially compiled by key areas to support research and stakeholder needs.

This data set provides detailed numerical data on the Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) analysis for assessing and comparing the environmental impact related to the treatment of sewage sludge (SS) in open windrow facilities for the production of compost and in an anaerobic digester for the production of biogas. The collection of the data is included in eleven tables, in which the machinery and duration for biogas and compost production procedures, as well as comparative data regarding the environmental impact category emissions for both scenarios are shown . Furthermore, electricity consumption and embodied energy for each scenario compared to other studies are given. The system boundary conditions were determined with the use of the Gabi software.

The data contains vulnerability estimates (climate niche factor analysis) for 49 native fish species in the upper Danube River basin. The upper Danube River basin is mainly located in Germany and Austria. The time frame covered is 300 years from 1800 to 2100 including two Representative Concentration Pathways, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. Vulnerability estimates are calculated for three time frames (1800-1830; 1900-1930and 2070-2100 (including two RCPs)) with the time frame 1970-2000 as the baseline. In all files the zone column gives the basin ID for the master basins layer. The mean column gives the mean vulnerability estimate for a sub-basin for a certain species. For the future scenarios the different predictions based on the different GCM-RCM combinations have to be combined using the median and the zone as unique identifier.