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При стремительном развитии информатизации производства существенно возрастает роль инженерного образования. Графические дисциплины на технических специальностях вуза являются первыми профессионально ориентированными дисциплинами, активно влияющими на формирование компетенций будущих специалистов. Особую актуальность приобретает совершенствование методики обучения графическим дисциплинам путем внедрения в учебный процесс компьютерных технологий. Предложена новая форма организационно-педагогического обеспечения общеинженерной графической подготовки студентов путем интеграции классического курса и компьютерной 3D-технологии выполнения чертежа. The role of engineering education significantly increases with the rapid development of the informatization of production. Graphics disciplines for the students of technical specialties are the first professionally oriented subjects that influence the formation of professional skills of future specialists. Of particular urgency is the improvement of teaching methods of graphics disciplines. The possible way is to introduce computer technologies into the educational process. A new form of pedagogical support to general graphics training is offered that presupposes the integration of standard course with 3D computer technologies for drawing.

The article describes the major stages and the evolution of the research in the sphere of sustainability of economic entities (units), defines the relationship between sustainable development and changes in the key elements of an organization’s business processes, identifies the peculiarities of sustainable development of economic units belonging to different levels and their interdependence. The author analyses the basic approaches to giving definitions of sustainability in political economy, system analysis and in applied economics, singles out their similarities and objective differences. The article mainly focuses on defining sustainability ofa business entity as a primary element of national economy. It compares major features and factors of ensuring the sustainability including the consistency of strategic changes in different elements of production and business processes, monitoring of changes in close and distant environment of an economic entity, using the best practices of business partners, the analysis of support of long-term innovations by current changes which ensure the elimination of losses and sustainable cost reduction on the basis of resource-efficient development. Special emphasis is put on integration factors of ensuring the sustainability. The author proves that to ensure the sustainability consistent changes resulting in a synergistic effect are required.

Relevance. The improved energy and resource-saving technology, implemented in new technological complexes with preliminary «cold» re-preparation, allows returning valuable raw material resources to industrial circulation and obtaining vermiculite and sugulite concentrates from mining waste accumulated in the Kovdor flogopit-vermiculite deposit. Therefore, this work is devoted to the issues of improving the processing of sungulite-vermiculite conglomerates. The aim of the research is to analyze the possibility of improving the technology for producing thermally activated sungulite and expanded vermiculite from mining wastes of the Kovdor phlogopite-vermiculite deposit and increasing its energy efficiency. The object of the research is the technological equipment for processing sungulite-vermiculite conglomerates, which implements energy- and resource-saving technology for producing activated sungulite and vermiculite concentrate. The methods are based on the experimental data and analysis of aerodynamic separation of vermiculite and sungulite from olivine-pyroxene rock and increase of allotment of sungulite in sungulite concentrate. The results prove the aim of the research is achieved. On their basis, it is possible to develop the improved technology for vermiculite producing, including expanded and magnesia-silicate reagent (thermoactivated sungulite) from mining industrial wastes with energy savings of up to 182 kJ/kg, which reduces energy consumption of their processing by 28 % compared to the previous technology. Besides, additional technological operations make it possible to obtain 350 kg of raw vermiculite, 68 kg of pure magnesia-silicate reagent with grain sizes of 2,4...3.5 mm and 158 kg of sungulite concentrate in a thermo-activated form with grains of 1,3...2,4 mm at almost 86 percent concentration. In general, we can conclude that the continuation of work in the field of development and improvement of technologies for processing sungulite-vermiculite conglomerates is promising.

В статье рассмотрены проблемы возникновения магистратуры в России, дается краткий обзор развития организационно-процессуальных подходов к подготовке магистров в XIX начале XX в. Автор выделяет специфические черты российской магистратуры, отличающие ее от западноевропейской.

The aim of the article is a quantitative assessment of the influence of non-condensable gases on the intensity of heat and mass transfer processes during film condensation of steam in the specific conditions for heat exchanger. The task is achieved by conducting experimental research of heat and mass transfer processes in film condensation of steam in the presence of non-condensable gases.The study was carried out by the method of stationary heat flow on an experimental kettle with a jacket (0,02 m3 capacity), industrial cooking boilers (0,04 m3 and 0,06 m3 capacity). Cylindrical kettles with a hemispherical and elliptical bottom were selected as the condensation surface. The results of the experiments are presented in the form of a criterion equation for determining the mass transfer coefficient for vapor concentration diffusion. When the concentration of a non-condensable gas reaches 40% an intensification of the resulting heat transfer coefficient from the vapor-gas mixture to the condensation surface is observed. The coefficient of heat transfer to the condensation surface depends on the concentration of non-condensable gases in the apparatus cavity. The results of the research indicate that it is possible to improve the heat exchangers with a jacket and allow an assessment of the heat input when removing the gas mixture from the jacket in the heating mode of the cookers at the design stage. Material research allows to develop automatiс systems and control parameters in the operation of apparatus with a jacket

The relevance of the research is conditioned by the need of the assessment of the modes of occurrence of germanium and other secondary trace elements in rare-metal coal deposits. The main objective is to study the modes of occurrence of germanium and tungsten in metal-bearing coals of the Spetsugli deposit (Russian Far East). Objects: coal and coal siltstones of the Ge-coal deposit. Methods: correlation analysis, phase composition study of the brown coal, mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma, instrumental neutron activation analysis, scanning electron microscopy. Results. Main modes of Ge and W occurrence were studied. High-germanium-bearing coals of the Spetsugli deposit are characterized by different modes of occurrence. Along with the prevailing organic mode of Ge occurrence, mineral phases play a significant part. The importance of the mineral modes of Ge occurrence in the high-germanium coals is probably much higher than it has been previously thought. Various micron and nanometer mineral phases of Ge are widespread in the coal seams, especially near the weathering crust along the greisenized granites. In coals, aluminosilicate (silicate) mode of Ge, various ferrous (hydrogoethite, goethite, jarosite) and polymineral phases were met. The aluminosilicate (silicate) phase is represented by film-like congeries containing 0,15–0,4 % of germanium. Ferrous mineral congeries contain from 0,1 to 6,2 % of germanium. Anomalous Ge contents together with W and As were found in ferromanganese crusts – weathering products of greisenized granite of the basement, formed in the paleo-bog conditions. The presence of the secondary mineral phases of germanium in the coals allows assuming that Ge mineralization formation in the deposit can be longer in time than it has been considered earlier and is not limited to the peat stage. The research conducted has shown that in the highly-germanium coals of the Spetsugli deposit along with the organic modes of Ge occurrence the mineral phases play a significant role. The organic modes of occurrence are diverse and are not limited to complex humates. Tungsten is mainly characterized by the organic mode of occurrence. The role of the W mineral forms in its general balance in the coals of the Spetsugli deposit is insignificant. Only 1 grain of scheelite was found in the coals. Close to the weathering crust, tungsten in the coals was also found in the iron-manganese «crusts». It agrees with the results of the analysis of the W distribution coal phases. After the extraction of humus acids, 99 % of tungsten on the average passes into the alkaline extract. In the alkaline extract, about half of it is associated with the humic acids, and the rest is associated with the low-molecular organic acids.

The current study is devoted to the development and experience of using a digital system in the educational process to evaluate the performance characteristics of renewable energy sources (RES). The wide possibilities of conducting the research are shown using a high-speed digital monitoring system for renewable energy installations, which allows obtaining information at a frequency of 1 second. The results obtained show the promise of using digital technologies in the educational process in the study of processes and verification of theoretical models, which allows us to define the task of improving calculation models for renewable energy installations. Статья посвящена разработке и опыту использования в образовательном процессе цифровой системы оценки характеристик и эффективности возобновляемых источников энергии (ВИЭ). Показаны широкие возможности выполнения исследований при помощи быстродействующей системы цифрового мониторинга установок возобновляемой энергетики, позволяющей получать информацию с периодичностью от 1 сек. Полученные результаты показывают перспективность использования в образовательном процессе цифровых технологий при исследовании процессов и верификации теоретических моделей, позволяют ставить задачу о дальнейшем совершенствовании моделей расчета установок возобновляемой энергетики.

RU: При статистическом анализе имеющихся метеорологических данных и разработке на их базе математических моделей прогнозирования генерации энергии обычно в качестве исходных данных используют средние дневные, а в некоторых исследованиях среднемесячные значения солнечной радиации, что может негативно влиять на точность прогнозирования. Данная работа посвящена проведению статистического анализа данных солнечной радиации, полученных с Токмакской СЭС Запорожской области, Украина в течение 2016 года, с 30-минутным интервалом измерения. Анализ данных указывает на достаточно близкие значения зимних и летних показателей инсоляции (прямой и рассеянной), с разницей примерно в два раза. Математическое ожидание величины скачков мощности близко к нулю, а их распределение имеет признаки симметрии. Результаты подсчета фактических данных указывают на несколько завышенные показатели элементарных скачков мощности СЭС, чем рассчитанные по квантилю нормального распределения. Таким образом, фактическое распределение соответствует нормальному по параметру симметрии, однако не соответствует по параметрам эксцесса. При увеличении временного диапазона вдвое от 30 минут до 1 часа размах изменений мощности вырастает незначительно. Также анализ метеоданных показал, что вероятность длительного роста или спада мощности невысока, то есть изменение мощности как случайный процесс можно считать близким к стационарному. Выполненный анализ позволяет оценить возможности электроснабжения потребителей рассматриваемого региона от солнечной электростанции, а также построить математическую модель работы комбинированной энергосистемы, использующей солнечную энергию. RO: Analiza statistică a datelor meteorologice şi elaborarea în baza lor a modelelor matematice de prognoză a producerii energiei electrice pentru ce de obicei utilizează în calitate de informaţie primară valorile medii a radiaţiei solare per zi, iar în unele cazuri cele lunare, ce poate influenţa negativ asupra preciţiei prognozei. În această se realizează analiza statistică a radiaţiei ...