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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Jansen, Merel; Anten, Niels P.R.; Bongers, Frans; Martínez-Ramos, Miguel; +2 Authors

    1. Natural populations deliver a wide range of products that provide income for millions of people and need to be exploited sustainably. Large heterogeneity in individual performance within these exploited populations has the potential to improve population recovery after exploitation and thus help sustaining yields over time. 2. We explored the potential of using individual heterogeneity to design smarter harvest schemes, by sparing individuals that contribute most to future productivity and population growth, using the understorey palm Chamaedorea elegans as a model system. Leaves of this palm are an important non-timber forest product and long-term inter-individual growth variability can be evaluated from internode lengths. 3. We studied a population of 830 individuals, half of which was subjected to a 67 % defoliation treatment for three years. We measured effects of defoliation on vital rates and leaf size – a trait that determines marketability. We constructed integral projection models in which vital rates depended on stem length, past growth rate, and defoliation, and evaluated transient population dynamics to quantify population development and leaf yield. We then simulated scenarios in which we spared individuals that were either most important for population growth or had leaves smaller than marketable size. 4. Individuals varying in size or past growth rate responded similarly to leaf harvesting in terms of growth and reproduction. By contrast, defoliation-induced reduction in survival chance was smaller in large individuals than in small ones. Simulations showed that harvest-induced population decline was much reduced when individuals from size and past growth classes that contributed most to population growth were spared. Under this scenario cumulative leaf harvest over 20 years was somewhat reduced, but long-term leaf production was sustained. A three-fold increase in leaf yield was generated when individuals with small leaves are spared. 5. Synthesis and applications This study demonstrates the potential to create smarter systems of palm leaf harvest by accounting for individual heterogeneity within exploited populations. Sparing individuals that contribute most to population growth ensured sustained leaf production over time. The concepts and methods presented here are generally applicable to exploited plant and animal species which exhibit considerable individual heterogeneity. Vital rate and internode dataThis data file contains annual vital rate data (stem length growth, fruit production, survival and leaf production) of 830 individuals of the understorey palm Chamaedorea elegans, collected in a 0.7 ha plot in Chiapas, Mexico, during the period November 2012 - November 2015. A 2/3 defoliation treatment was repeatedly applied to half of the individuals. The data file also contains measurements of the lengths of all internodes of all individuals.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ DANS (Data Archiving...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2018
    License: CC 0
    Data sources: ZENODO
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Research@WUR
    Dataset . 2018
    Data sources: Research@WUR
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    B2FIND
    Dataset . 2018
    Data sources: B2FIND
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    EASY
    Dataset . 2018
    Data sources: EASY
    DRYAD
    Dataset . 2018
    License: CC 0
    Data sources: Datacite
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ DANS (Data Archiving...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2018
      License: CC 0
      Data sources: ZENODO
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Research@WUR
      Dataset . 2018
      Data sources: Research@WUR
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      B2FIND
      Dataset . 2018
      Data sources: B2FIND
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      EASY
      Dataset . 2018
      Data sources: EASY
      DRYAD
      Dataset . 2018
      License: CC 0
      Data sources: Datacite
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    Authors: Toshihiro Takahashi; Kazuo Nakayama;

    AbstractA simple experiment for capillary sealed trap shows that leakage would occur only from the weakest point in the trap. As an extens ion of this concept, the sequestrated and accumulated CO2 in the structural high may happen to leak from the unexpected weak point near the top of sealing layer. On the other hand, if CO2 were sequestrated into the flank of tilted aquifer, CO2 in separate phas e would migrate upward within aquifer with no CO2 leakage into the sealing layer above and leaving some residual amount behind. According to this concept, the best location for sequestration of CO2 could be the flank of the structure rather than the top.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energy Procediaarrow_drop_down
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    Energy Procedia
    Article . 2009 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC ND
    Data sources: Crossref
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    Energy Procedia
    Article
    License: CC BY NC ND
    Data sources: UnpayWall
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Energy Procedia
      Article . 2009 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY NC ND
      Data sources: Crossref
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      Energy Procedia
      Article
      License: CC BY NC ND
      Data sources: UnpayWall
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Chauhan, Y S; Johansen, C; Singh, L;

    SummaryThe adaptation of extra short duration (ESD) pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) genotypes to rainfed environments was studied on Alfisols and Vertisols at the ICRISAT Center between 1987 and 1989. Despite a slightly shorter crop duration, the grain yield of ESD genotypes was twice as large on Alfisols as on Vertisols. On both soil types, the rate of growth and grain yield were better in crops sown on time than in those where sowing was delayed. The population levels necessary to maximize yield varied among genotypes on Alfisols, where the grain yield of several ESD genotypes compared favourably with that of ICPL 87, a standard short duration genotype. However, none of the ESD genotypes yielded more than ICPL 87 on the Vertisols.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Experimental Agricul...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Experimental Agriculture
    Article . 1993 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Cambridge Core User Agreement
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Experimental Agriculture
      Article . 1993 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Cambridge Core User Agreement
      Data sources: Crossref
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    Authors: Dono, Gabriele; Cortignani, Raffaele; Doro, Luca; Ledda, Luigi; +10 Authors

    In the agricultural sector, climate change (CC) affects multiple weather variables at different stages of crop cycles. CC may influence the mean level or affect the distribution of events (e.g., rainfall, temperature). This work evaluates the economic impact of CC-related changes in multiple climatic components, and the resulting uncertainty. For this purpose, a three-stage discrete stochastic programming model is used to represents farm sector of an irrigated area of Italy and to examine the influence of CC on rainfall and on maximum temperature. These variables affect the availability of water for agriculture and the water requirements of irrigated crops. The states of nature, and their change, are defined more broadly than in previous analyses; this allows examining the changes of more climatic variables and crops cultivation. The effect of CC is obtained by comparing the results of scenarios that represent the climatic conditions in the current situation and in the future. The results show that the agricultural sector would seek to lower costs by modifying patterns of land use, farming practices and increasing the use groundwater. The overall economic impact of these changes is small and due primarily to the reduced availability of water in the future. The temperature increase is, in fact, largely offset by the effects of the increase in CO2 levels, which boosts the yield of main crops of the irrigated zone. Therefore, availability and water management becomes a crucial factor to offset the increase of evapotranspiration and of water stress resulting from the increase of temperature. However, the costs of CC are very high for some types of farming, which suffer a large reduction in income.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.22004/ag...
    Other literature type . 2011
    Data sources: Datacite
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.22004/ag...
      Other literature type . 2011
      Data sources: Datacite
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    Authors: Shu-Chen, Chang;

    The aim of this paper is to investigate the threshold effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on environmental degradation. In empirical analysis, FDI and environmental degradation are jointly determined under the given threshold variable and other exogenous variables. Using carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per capita as a proxy for environmental degradation, the results show that increasing FDI worsens CO2 emissions after a threshold level of corruption has been reached. Our results demonstrate that increasing FDI will increase CO2 emissions when the degree of corruptibility is relatively high. The study suggests that further FDI and improved environmental quality are competing rather than compatible objectives in high-corruption countries and are compatible rather than competing objectives in low-corruption countries. Higher trade liberalization in low-corruption countries could contribute to negative environmental consequences because of the increased output or economic activity which results from increased trade. The robustness estimation confirms the evidence that pollution and economic development increase together up to a certain income level, after which the trend reverses.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Portuguese Economic ...arrow_drop_down
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    UTL Repository
    Article . 2015
    Data sources: UTL Repository
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    Portuguese Economic Journal
    Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Springer TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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      UTL Repository
      Article . 2015
      Data sources: UTL Repository
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      Portuguese Economic Journal
      Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Springer TDM
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    Authors: Robinson, D A; Gosbell, Victor J;

    Recent changes to the electric power industry through deregulation and restructuring have had a considerable effect on power engineering education internationally. A number of Australian universities have also noticed a decline in the number of students interested in power engineering subjects, leading to the fewer graduates with power engineering knowledge. With a reduction in graduates and a perception of an ageing workforce a shortage of suitably qualified power engineers for industry may be imminent. This paper provides discussion on the current status of university power engineering education within Australia and includes results from a recent Australia-wide survey of the university and industry sectors of electric power engineering.

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    This data was collected from a field experiment conducted during two consecutive seasons (2013/14 and 2014/15) at the Agricultural Research Council, Vegetables and Ornamental Plants, Pretoria, South Africa. The experiment had a 2×2×2 factorial design; factors were irrigation regimes (W1- well-watered regime; W2- supplemental regime), soil fertilisation [F1 - 100% N, P, and K application; F2 (control) - 0% N, P, and K application], and vine harvest (H1 - no vine harvesting; H2 - vine harvesting every 4 weeks). W1 means keeping soil water content (SWC) above 30% of plant available water and W2 was supplemental irrigation; if it did not rain for four weeks and soil water content reached a depletion of 80%, we irrigated back to 50% of plant available water

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    Mendeley Data
    Dataset . 2018
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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    Mendeley Data
    Dataset . 2018
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    Dataset . 2018
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    EASY
    Dataset . 2018
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: EASY
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      Dataset . 2018
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      B2FIND
      Dataset . 2018
      Data sources: B2FIND
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      EASY
      Dataset . 2018
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    Authors: Lijuan Miao; Daniel Müller; Xuefeng Cui; Meihong Ma;

    Climate change affects the timing of phenological events, such as the start, end, and length of the growing season of vegetation. A better understanding of how the phenology responded to climatic determinants is important in order to better anticipate future climate-ecosystem interactions. We examined the changes of three phenological events for the Mongolian Plateau and their climatic determinants. To do so, we derived three phenological metrics from remotely sensed vegetation indices and associated these with climate data for the period of 1982 to 2011. The results suggested that the start of the growing season advanced by 0.10 days yr-1, the end was delayed by 0.11 days yr-1, and the length of the growing season expanded by 6.3 days during the period from 1982 to 2011. The delayed end and extended length of the growing season were observed consistently in grassland, forest, and shrubland, while the earlier start was only observed in grassland. Partial correlation analysis between the phenological events and the climate variables revealed that higher temperature was associated with an earlier start of the growing season, and both temperature and precipitation contributed to the later ending. Overall, our findings suggest that climate change will substantially alter the vegetation phenology in the grasslands of the Mongolian Plateau, and likely also in biomes with similar environmental conditions, such as other semi-arid steppe regions.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ PLoS ONEarrow_drop_down
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    PLoS ONE
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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    PLoS ONE
    Article . 2018
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    PLoS ONE
    Article . 2017
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    EconStor
    Article . 2017
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    Authors: Somda, Jacques; Zougmoré, Robert B.; Sawadogo, Issa; Bationo, B. André; +2 Authors

    This chapter focuses on the evaluation of adaptive capacities of community-level human systems related to agriculture and food security. It highlights findings regarding approaches and domains to monitor and evaluate behavioral changes from CGIAR’s research program on climate change, agriculture and food security (CCAFS). This program, implemented in five West African countries, is intended to enhance adaptive capacities in agriculture management of natural resources and food systems. In support of participatory action research on climate-smart agriculture, a monitoring and evaluation plan was designed with the participation of all stakeholders to track changes in behavior of the participating community members. Individuals’ and groups’ stories of changes were collected using most significant change tools. The collected stories of changes were substantiated through field visits and triangulation techniques. Frequencies of the occurrence of characteristics of behavioral changes in the stories were estimated. The results show that smallholder farmers in the intervention areas adopted various characteristics of behavior change grouped into five domains: knowledge, practices, access to assets, partnership and organization. These characteristics can help efforts to construct quantitative indicators of climate change adaptation at local level. Further, the results suggest that application of behavioral change theories can facilitate the development of climate change adaptation indicators that are complementary to indicators of development outcomes. We conclude that collecting stories on behavioral changes can contribute to biophysical adaptation monitoring and evaluation.

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    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-...
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-...
      Part of book or chapter of book . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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    This is raw data of appropriate depth for harvesting lincluding yield, shoot and root biomass, root system traits in different diameter. The field experiments were conducted in Kaiyuan City (103o15’E, 23o42’ N, 1117m A) of Yunnan Province, in the south-west of China. The field soil soil pH was 7.5 (tested by potentiometry); The organic matter was tested by the potassium dichromate method; Soil nutrients were tested by flme atomic absorption spectrophotometry; and soil mechanical composition was tested by sedimentation method. The experiment was rainfed, and the groundwater level is approximately 2 m below the ground surface. The climate in this region is high temperature during summer, with long winter and early spring severe drought periods. The highest values of precipitation and temperature occur in June and July. The experiment was conducted from 2016 to 2018 on sugarcane cultivar YZ081609 (Zhao et al., 2019). The plant crop was planted on 22 April 2016 with a conventional planting density of 120,000 buds ha-1 (double buds cane setts). The planting depth (cane setts bed to soil surface) was approximately 10 cm, with about 10 ~ 15 cm of earth up before grand growth. So, after plant crop was harvested, there was a soil layer of 20 ~ 25 cm upper the original cane setts. Fertilizer N P K (20-12-18) was applied during the early elongation period of sugarcane at the rate of 1200 kg ha -1 on March 10, 2017 and 2018. Cultivation and crop management procedures were otherwise consistent with conventional cropping practices. Based on the density of underground buds on ratoon stool and their germination potential, we divided the underground buds into 3 types.Type 1 is the terminal bud in top soil, they were lowest in amount and germinate the fastest, the roots distributed mainly in upper soil; type 2 distributed at the depth of 5 ~ 10 cm, most of them are active bud that germinate fast, and their roots distributed deeper; type 3 are mostly dormant bud distributed bellow 10 cm with the poorest germination. Accordingly, the harvesting depths (treatment) were -0 cm, -5 cm and -10 cm for T1, T2 and T3. For each harvesting, sugarcane plants were cut down by a sharp hoe manually. In order to maintain the accuracy of harvesting depth, a half side of the soil surrounding the stool were removed by the relative depth of each treatment before conducting the harvest. Plant crop was harvested on 9 March 2017, first ratoon crop was harvested on 4 March 2018 when the sucrose content reached to top (matured). The plot size was 30 m2 (5 rows wide × 6 m long). Three treatments were randomized in each of the 3 replications. The data of each plant came from the data of the cluster dividing the millable number of the cluster.

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    Mendeley Data
    Dataset . 2020
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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    Mendeley Data
    Dataset . 2020
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    Mendeley Data
    Dataset . 2020
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    B2FIND
    Dataset . 2020
    Data sources: B2FIND
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    B2FIND
    Dataset . 2020
    Data sources: B2FIND
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      Mendeley Data
      Dataset . 2020
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      Mendeley Data
      Dataset . 2020
      License: CC BY
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      Mendeley Data
      Dataset . 2020
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
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      B2FIND
      Dataset . 2020
      Data sources: B2FIND
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      B2FIND
      Dataset . 2020
      Data sources: B2FIND
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Jansen, Merel; Anten, Niels P.R.; Bongers, Frans; Martínez-Ramos, Miguel; +2 Authors

    1. Natural populations deliver a wide range of products that provide income for millions of people and need to be exploited sustainably. Large heterogeneity in individual performance within these exploited populations has the potential to improve population recovery after exploitation and thus help sustaining yields over time. 2. We explored the potential of using individual heterogeneity to design smarter harvest schemes, by sparing individuals that contribute most to future productivity and population growth, using the understorey palm Chamaedorea elegans as a model system. Leaves of this palm are an important non-timber forest product and long-term inter-individual growth variability can be evaluated from internode lengths. 3. We studied a population of 830 individuals, half of which was subjected to a 67 % defoliation treatment for three years. We measured effects of defoliation on vital rates and leaf size – a trait that determines marketability. We constructed integral projection models in which vital rates depended on stem length, past growth rate, and defoliation, and evaluated transient population dynamics to quantify population development and leaf yield. We then simulated scenarios in which we spared individuals that were either most important for population growth or had leaves smaller than marketable size. 4. Individuals varying in size or past growth rate responded similarly to leaf harvesting in terms of growth and reproduction. By contrast, defoliation-induced reduction in survival chance was smaller in large individuals than in small ones. Simulations showed that harvest-induced population decline was much reduced when individuals from size and past growth classes that contributed most to population growth were spared. Under this scenario cumulative leaf harvest over 20 years was somewhat reduced, but long-term leaf production was sustained. A three-fold increase in leaf yield was generated when individuals with small leaves are spared. 5. Synthesis and applications This study demonstrates the potential to create smarter systems of palm leaf harvest by accounting for individual heterogeneity within exploited populations. Sparing individuals that contribute most to population growth ensured sustained leaf production over time. The concepts and methods presented here are generally applicable to exploited plant and animal species which exhibit considerable individual heterogeneity. Vital rate and internode dataThis data file contains annual vital rate data (stem length growth, fruit production, survival and leaf production) of 830 individuals of the understorey palm Chamaedorea elegans, collected in a 0.7 ha plot in Chiapas, Mexico, during the period November 2012 - November 2015. A 2/3 defoliation treatment was repeatedly applied to half of the individuals. The data file also contains measurements of the lengths of all internodes of all individuals.

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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2018
    License: CC 0
    Data sources: ZENODO
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    Research@WUR
    Dataset . 2018
    Data sources: Research@WUR
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    B2FIND
    Dataset . 2018
    Data sources: B2FIND
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    EASY
    Dataset . 2018
    Data sources: EASY
    DRYAD
    Dataset . 2018
    License: CC 0
    Data sources: Datacite
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      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2018
      License: CC 0
      Data sources: ZENODO
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      Research@WUR
      Dataset . 2018
      Data sources: Research@WUR
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      B2FIND
      Dataset . 2018
      Data sources: B2FIND
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      EASY
      Dataset . 2018
      Data sources: EASY
      DRYAD
      Dataset . 2018
      License: CC 0
      Data sources: Datacite
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    Authors: Toshihiro Takahashi; Kazuo Nakayama;

    AbstractA simple experiment for capillary sealed trap shows that leakage would occur only from the weakest point in the trap. As an extens ion of this concept, the sequestrated and accumulated CO2 in the structural high may happen to leak from the unexpected weak point near the top of sealing layer. On the other hand, if CO2 were sequestrated into the flank of tilted aquifer, CO2 in separate phas e would migrate upward within aquifer with no CO2 leakage into the sealing layer above and leaving some residual amount behind. According to this concept, the best location for sequestration of CO2 could be the flank of the structure rather than the top.

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    Energy Procedia
    Article . 2009 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC ND
    Data sources: Crossref
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    Energy Procedia
    Article
    License: CC BY NC ND
    Data sources: UnpayWall
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      Energy Procedia
      Article . 2009 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY NC ND
      Data sources: Crossref
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      Energy Procedia
      Article
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    Authors: Chauhan, Y S; Johansen, C; Singh, L;

    SummaryThe adaptation of extra short duration (ESD) pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) genotypes to rainfed environments was studied on Alfisols and Vertisols at the ICRISAT Center between 1987 and 1989. Despite a slightly shorter crop duration, the grain yield of ESD genotypes was twice as large on Alfisols as on Vertisols. On both soil types, the rate of growth and grain yield were better in crops sown on time than in those where sowing was delayed. The population levels necessary to maximize yield varied among genotypes on Alfisols, where the grain yield of several ESD genotypes compared favourably with that of ICPL 87, a standard short duration genotype. However, none of the ESD genotypes yielded more than ICPL 87 on the Vertisols.

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    Experimental Agriculture
    Article . 1993 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Cambridge Core User Agreement
    Data sources: Crossref
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      Experimental Agriculture
      Article . 1993 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Cambridge Core User Agreement
      Data sources: Crossref
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    Authors: Dono, Gabriele; Cortignani, Raffaele; Doro, Luca; Ledda, Luigi; +10 Authors

    In the agricultural sector, climate change (CC) affects multiple weather variables at different stages of crop cycles. CC may influence the mean level or affect the distribution of events (e.g., rainfall, temperature). This work evaluates the economic impact of CC-related changes in multiple climatic components, and the resulting uncertainty. For this purpose, a three-stage discrete stochastic programming model is used to represents farm sector of an irrigated area of Italy and to examine the influence of CC on rainfall and on maximum temperature. These variables affect the availability of water for agriculture and the water requirements of irrigated crops. The states of nature, and their change, are defined more broadly than in previous analyses; this allows examining the changes of more climatic variables and crops cultivation. The effect of CC is obtained by comparing the results of scenarios that represent the climatic conditions in the current situation and in the future. The results show that the agricultural sector would seek to lower costs by modifying patterns of land use, farming practices and increasing the use groundwater. The overall economic impact of these changes is small and due primarily to the reduced availability of water in the future. The temperature increase is, in fact, largely offset by the effects of the increase in CO2 levels, which boosts the yield of main crops of the irrigated zone. Therefore, availability and water management becomes a crucial factor to offset the increase of evapotranspiration and of water stress resulting from the increase of temperature. However, the costs of CC are very high for some types of farming, which suffer a large reduction in income.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.22004/ag...
    Other literature type . 2011
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.22004/ag...
      Other literature type . 2011
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    Authors: Shu-Chen, Chang;

    The aim of this paper is to investigate the threshold effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on environmental degradation. In empirical analysis, FDI and environmental degradation are jointly determined under the given threshold variable and other exogenous variables. Using carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per capita as a proxy for environmental degradation, the results show that increasing FDI worsens CO2 emissions after a threshold level of corruption has been reached. Our results demonstrate that increasing FDI will increase CO2 emissions when the degree of corruptibility is relatively high. The study suggests that further FDI and improved environmental quality are competing rather than compatible objectives in high-corruption countries and are compatible rather than competing objectives in low-corruption countries. Higher trade liberalization in low-corruption countries could contribute to negative environmental consequences because of the increased output or economic activity which results from increased trade. The robustness estimation confirms the evidence that pollution and economic development increase together up to a certain income level, after which the trend reverses.

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    UTL Repository
    Article . 2015
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    Portuguese Economic Journal
    Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Springer TDM
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      Article . 2015
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      Portuguese Economic Journal
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    Authors: Robinson, D A; Gosbell, Victor J;

    Recent changes to the electric power industry through deregulation and restructuring have had a considerable effect on power engineering education internationally. A number of Australian universities have also noticed a decline in the number of students interested in power engineering subjects, leading to the fewer graduates with power engineering knowledge. With a reduction in graduates and a perception of an ageing workforce a shortage of suitably qualified power engineers for industry may be imminent. This paper provides discussion on the current status of university power engineering education within Australia and includes results from a recent Australia-wide survey of the university and industry sectors of electric power engineering.

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    This data was collected from a field experiment conducted during two consecutive seasons (2013/14 and 2014/15) at the Agricultural Research Council, Vegetables and Ornamental Plants, Pretoria, South Africa. The experiment had a 2×2×2 factorial design; factors were irrigation regimes (W1- well-watered regime; W2- supplemental regime), soil fertilisation [F1 - 100% N, P, and K application; F2 (control) - 0% N, P, and K application], and vine harvest (H1 - no vine harvesting; H2 - vine harvesting every 4 weeks). W1 means keeping soil water content (SWC) above 30% of plant available water and W2 was supplemental irrigation; if it did not rain for four weeks and soil water content reached a depletion of 80%, we irrigated back to 50% of plant available water

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    Mendeley Data
    Dataset . 2018
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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    Mendeley Data
    Dataset . 2018
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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    B2FIND
    Dataset . 2018
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    EASY
    Dataset . 2018
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: EASY
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      Dataset . 2018
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      B2FIND
      Dataset . 2018
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      EASY
      Dataset . 2018
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    Authors: Lijuan Miao; Daniel Müller; Xuefeng Cui; Meihong Ma;

    Climate change affects the timing of phenological events, such as the start, end, and length of the growing season of vegetation. A better understanding of how the phenology responded to climatic determinants is important in order to better anticipate future climate-ecosystem interactions. We examined the changes of three phenological events for the Mongolian Plateau and their climatic determinants. To do so, we derived three phenological metrics from remotely sensed vegetation indices and associated these with climate data for the period of 1982 to 2011. The results suggested that the start of the growing season advanced by 0.10 days yr-1, the end was delayed by 0.11 days yr-1, and the length of the growing season expanded by 6.3 days during the period from 1982 to 2011. The delayed end and extended length of the growing season were observed consistently in grassland, forest, and shrubland, while the earlier start was only observed in grassland. Partial correlation analysis between the phenological events and the climate variables revealed that higher temperature was associated with an earlier start of the growing season, and both temperature and precipitation contributed to the later ending. Overall, our findings suggest that climate change will substantially alter the vegetation phenology in the grasslands of the Mongolian Plateau, and likely also in biomes with similar environmental conditions, such as other semi-arid steppe regions.

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    PLoS ONE
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2018
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    Article . 2017
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    EconStor
    Article . 2017
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    Authors: Somda, Jacques; Zougmoré, Robert B.; Sawadogo, Issa; Bationo, B. André; +2 Authors

    This chapter focuses on the evaluation of adaptive capacities of community-level human systems related to agriculture and food security. It highlights findings regarding approaches and domains to monitor and evaluate behavioral changes from CGIAR’s research program on climate change, agriculture and food security (CCAFS). This program, implemented in five West African countries, is intended to enhance adaptive capacities in agriculture management of natural resources and food systems. In support of participatory action research on climate-smart agriculture, a monitoring and evaluation plan was designed with the participation of all stakeholders to track changes in behavior of the participating community members. Individuals’ and groups’ stories of changes were collected using most significant change tools. The collected stories of changes were substantiated through field visits and triangulation techniques. Frequencies of the occurrence of characteristics of behavioral changes in the stories were estimated. The results show that smallholder farmers in the intervention areas adopted various characteristics of behavior change grouped into five domains: knowledge, practices, access to assets, partnership and organization. These characteristics can help efforts to construct quantitative indicators of climate change adaptation at local level. Further, the results suggest that application of behavioral change theories can facilitate the development of climate change adaptation indicators that are complementary to indicators of development outcomes. We conclude that collecting stories on behavioral changes can contribute to biophysical adaptation monitoring and evaluation.

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    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-...
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC
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    https://link.springer.com/cont...
    Part of book or chapter of book
    License: CC BY NC
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      https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-...
      Part of book or chapter of book . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY NC
      Data sources: Crossref
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    This is raw data of appropriate depth for harvesting lincluding yield, shoot and root biomass, root system traits in different diameter. The field experiments were conducted in Kaiyuan City (103o15’E, 23o42’ N, 1117m A) of Yunnan Province, in the south-west of China. The field soil soil pH was 7.5 (tested by potentiometry); The organic matter was tested by the potassium dichromate method; Soil nutrients were tested by flme atomic absorption spectrophotometry; and soil mechanical composition was tested by sedimentation method. The experiment was rainfed, and the groundwater level is approximately 2 m below the ground surface. The climate in this region is high temperature during summer, with long winter and early spring severe drought periods. The highest values of precipitation and temperature occur in June and July. The experiment was conducted from 2016 to 2018 on sugarcane cultivar YZ081609 (Zhao et al., 2019). The plant crop was planted on 22 April 2016 with a conventional planting density of 120,000 buds ha-1 (double buds cane setts). The planting depth (cane setts bed to soil surface) was approximately 10 cm, with about 10 ~ 15 cm of earth up before grand growth. So, after plant crop was harvested, there was a soil layer of 20 ~ 25 cm upper the original cane setts. Fertilizer N P K (20-12-18) was applied during the early elongation period of sugarcane at the rate of 1200 kg ha -1 on March 10, 2017 and 2018. Cultivation and crop management procedures were otherwise consistent with conventional cropping practices. Based on the density of underground buds on ratoon stool and their germination potential, we divided the underground buds into 3 types.Type 1 is the terminal bud in top soil, they were lowest in amount and germinate the fastest, the roots distributed mainly in upper soil; type 2 distributed at the depth of 5 ~ 10 cm, most of them are active bud that germinate fast, and their roots distributed deeper; type 3 are mostly dormant bud distributed bellow 10 cm with the poorest germination. Accordingly, the harvesting depths (treatment) were -0 cm, -5 cm and -10 cm for T1, T2 and T3. For each harvesting, sugarcane plants were cut down by a sharp hoe manually. In order to maintain the accuracy of harvesting depth, a half side of the soil surrounding the stool were removed by the relative depth of each treatment before conducting the harvest. Plant crop was harvested on 9 March 2017, first ratoon crop was harvested on 4 March 2018 when the sucrose content reached to top (matured). The plot size was 30 m2 (5 rows wide × 6 m long). Three treatments were randomized in each of the 3 replications. The data of each plant came from the data of the cluster dividing the millable number of the cluster.

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    Mendeley Data
    Dataset . 2020
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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    Mendeley Data
    Dataset . 2020
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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    Mendeley Data
    Dataset . 2020
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    Dataset . 2020
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    B2FIND
    Dataset . 2020
    Data sources: B2FIND
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      Dataset . 2020
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      B2FIND
      Dataset . 2020
      Data sources: B2FIND
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      B2FIND
      Dataset . 2020
      Data sources: B2FIND
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