• Energy Research
• 7. Clean energy close
• 13. Climate action close
• 11. Sustainability close
• 2. Zero hunger close
• Indonesian close

In this paper we are mainly focusing on a solution to control this problem we have focused on refrigerators which releases CFC’s. Here we are designing a mini solar based refrigerator which is cheaper as well as eco-friendly. Here we are using Micro controller (AT89S52) allows dynamic and Faster control. Liquid crystal display (LCD) makes the system user-friendly. In this paper we are using solar panels for charging a Lead Acid Battery (12V, 1.2 Amp hrs), a pelteir thermoelectric device when connected to battery generates cool effect and hot effects depending on the mode required by the user. Since we are using this for fridge we need only cool mode. A peltier thermoelectric device is connected to the battery to generate cooling effect..We need to display the voltage for that we are using ADC0808 which is given to the controller. For this ADC we are giving a clock pulses through 555 timer to perform its operation. This paper uses regulated 5V; 500mA power supply. A 7805 three terminal voltage regulator is used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac output of secondary of 230/12V step down transformer.

In this paper we are mainly focusing on a solution to control this problem we have focused on refrigerators which releases CFC’s. Here we are designing a mini solar based refrigerator which is cheaper as well as eco-friendly. Here we are using Micro controller (AT89S52) allows dynamic and Faster control. Liquid crystal display (LCD) makes the system user-friendly. In this paper we are using solar panels for charging a Lead Acid Battery (12V, 1.2 Amp hrs), a pelteir thermoelectric device when connected to battery generates cool effect and hot effects depending on the mode required by the user. Since we are using this for fridge we need only cool mode. A peltier thermoelectric device is connected to the battery to generate cooling effect..We need to display the voltage for that we are using ADC0808 which is given to the controller. For this ADC we are giving a clock pulses through 555 timer to perform its operation. This paper uses regulated 5V; 500mA power supply. A 7805 three terminal voltage regulator is used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac output of secondary of 230/12V step down transformer.

Analysis of the ash content in biomass conducted through the incineration process in the muffle furnace at a given temperature of 575+25oC. The result depends on the accuracy level on the temperature sensor in the muffle furnace. It was attempted to achieve the optimum temperature and to detect the muffle furnace temperature by installing the thermocouple sensor type K directly the porcelain sample plate. It yielded that by direct incineration process and gradual process the setup point reached in 60-90 minutes and 150-180 minutes before attaining the steady temperature, respectively. The temperature distributed uniformly for all treatments at + 6.61 oC. The temperature measurement accuracy was + 1.18%, and the overall temperature gradient was + 28.69 oC. Moreover, there was no difference in the temperature fluctuation among the treatments at the temperature of + 20.95 oC. The optimum temperature of the chamber was 588 oC for analyzing ash content of biomass.

Analysis of the ash content in biomass conducted through the incineration process in the muffle furnace at a given temperature of 575+25oC. The result depends on the accuracy level on the temperature sensor in the muffle furnace. It was attempted to achieve the optimum temperature and to detect the muffle furnace temperature by installing the thermocouple sensor type K directly the porcelain sample plate. It yielded that by direct incineration process and gradual process the setup point reached in 60-90 minutes and 150-180 minutes before attaining the steady temperature, respectively. The temperature distributed uniformly for all treatments at + 6.61 oC. The temperature measurement accuracy was + 1.18%, and the overall temperature gradient was + 28.69 oC. Moreover, there was no difference in the temperature fluctuation among the treatments at the temperature of + 20.95 oC. The optimum temperature of the chamber was 588 oC for analyzing ash content of biomass.

The world's energy needs generally come from non-renewable sources. In other circumstances, some research on renewable energy is being developed from a variety of different sources, one of which is biomass. Biomass changes the energy system towards the modernization of the bioenergy system by utilizing the concept of biochemical systems (BESs). A microbial fuel cell is known as one of the renewable technologies that convert biomass with the help of microbes to produce electricity. This research is based on a microbial fuel cell based on ecoenzyme Citrus reticulata known as Ecoenzyme fuel cell to determine the electrical value (voltage, current, and power density). Ecoenzyme was made from orange peel waste, molasses, and water with a ratio of 3: 1: 10 and fermented for a month. Meanwhile, the electrode device used was a pencil graphite. Some treatments were carried out to optimize the performance of the system based on the number of electrodes (one pair and three pairs), and the stirring conditions, stirring at 200 rpm and without stirring (0 rpm). The EFC system was run for four weeks (600 hours) with the highest voltage obtained at 650 mV and current at 29.55 mA. The ecoenzyme produced the most significant power density of 750 W/m2 in the treatment of 3 electrode pairs with a stirring speed of 200 rpm. The influence of electrodes and stirring in the MFC system upsurged the electrical value output by 53.7% for a pair of electrodes and 142% for three electrode pairs. Further development will continue to be done to improve the performance and output of the Ecoenzyme fuel cell system as a future renewable energy source in Indonesia.

The world's energy needs generally come from non-renewable sources. In other circumstances, some research on renewable energy is being developed from a variety of different sources, one of which is biomass. Biomass changes the energy system towards the modernization of the bioenergy system by utilizing the concept of biochemical systems (BESs). A microbial fuel cell is known as one of the renewable technologies that convert biomass with the help of microbes to produce electricity. This research is based on a microbial fuel cell based on ecoenzyme Citrus reticulata known as Ecoenzyme fuel cell to determine the electrical value (voltage, current, and power density). Ecoenzyme was made from orange peel waste, molasses, and water with a ratio of 3: 1: 10 and fermented for a month. Meanwhile, the electrode device used was a pencil graphite. Some treatments were carried out to optimize the performance of the system based on the number of electrodes (one pair and three pairs), and the stirring conditions, stirring at 200 rpm and without stirring (0 rpm). The EFC system was run for four weeks (600 hours) with the highest voltage obtained at 650 mV and current at 29.55 mA. The ecoenzyme produced the most significant power density of 750 W/m2 in the treatment of 3 electrode pairs with a stirring speed of 200 rpm. The influence of electrodes and stirring in the MFC system upsurged the electrical value output by 53.7% for a pair of electrodes and 142% for three electrode pairs. Further development will continue to be done to improve the performance and output of the Ecoenzyme fuel cell system as a future renewable energy source in Indonesia.

The rapid rate of world population growth conduces demand and supply of fuel is not balance. So that, energy reserves has been depleted in large numbers. Especially fossil fuels which is a main energy. The government has compiled program and policy for development of bioethanol and biodiesel to resolve energy crisis in Indonesia which targeted in 2025 can be approximately 15-20% fuels need to fulfill transportation sector and the national industry. This research aims to produce bioethanol fuel grade-adsorption using distillation methods, determine the effect of the ratio of silica gel: bioethanol and height of the adsorbent in the column for producing bioethanol fuel grade. The raw material is bioethanol from nipa sap fermentation results with 13% ethanol content. Ethanol content obtained not too high previously, so that should be took a process that can be increase the purity of bioethanol with distillation process-adsorption. This research divided into two stages. First stage is nipa sap bioethanol distiled up to 96% concentration and second stage is distillation-adsorption using silica gel adsorbent. Independent variables on this research is ratio of silica gel : bioethanol and height of adsorbent in the adsorption column. The most influence process to review bioethanol purification is distillation-adsorption silica gel with ratio: ethanol 1:2 and a height of adsorbent in the column is 3.5 cm with purity of 99,6% and had been categorized fuel grade bioethanol.

The rapid rate of world population growth conduces demand and supply of fuel is not balance. So that, energy reserves has been depleted in large numbers. Especially fossil fuels which is a main energy. The government has compiled program and policy for development of bioethanol and biodiesel to resolve energy crisis in Indonesia which targeted in 2025 can be approximately 15-20% fuels need to fulfill transportation sector and the national industry. This research aims to produce bioethanol fuel grade-adsorption using distillation methods, determine the effect of the ratio of silica gel: bioethanol and height of the adsorbent in the column for producing bioethanol fuel grade. The raw material is bioethanol from nipa sap fermentation results with 13% ethanol content. Ethanol content obtained not too high previously, so that should be took a process that can be increase the purity of bioethanol with distillation process-adsorption. This research divided into two stages. First stage is nipa sap bioethanol distiled up to 96% concentration and second stage is distillation-adsorption using silica gel adsorbent. Independent variables on this research is ratio of silica gel : bioethanol and height of adsorbent in the adsorption column. The most influence process to review bioethanol purification is distillation-adsorption silica gel with ratio: ethanol 1:2 and a height of adsorbent in the column is 3.5 cm with purity of 99,6% and had been categorized fuel grade bioethanol.

The article analyzes the influence of privatization, which is the main tool for the formation of market relations in the energy sector. The authors found that as a result of the privatization of energy assets in Ukraine, it was not possible to maintain a balance of interests of the state, business and society. The state monopoly was replaced by oligopoly, consumer sovereignty was not secured, and responsibility for energy security is distributed unevenly between business and government. Because of the lack of coordination of policy objectives, privatization did not use the investment resource for energy development, mechanisms for the return of invested funds, which were tested by world experience, were not involved. Completion of privatization should take place after the adoption of a number of decisions related to the institutional framework for the development of electricity market, the development of privatization conditions and contracts with potential investors, measures to ensure the energy security of the state. Reliability of energy supply in the context of further development of private property in the energy sector will be determined by the effectiveness of state regulation in this area, the ability to prevent uncompetitive behavior of market participants. The delay in moving to the European energy model encourages business entities (including sectored monopolists) to lobby their own projects in the government bodies that contradict the established principles of market functioning. The risk of transforming the transitional measures into permanent ones is no less a threat. At the same time, the incompleteness of the transition from the administrative to the market model of regulation not only hampers the development of the world's best business practices by business entities, but also undermines the credibility of government actions. To remedy the situation, it is necessary to accelerate the formation of the institutional and institutional base that ensures the functioning of the energy market in accordance with its new model; to stop administrative interference of the state in the activity of subjects of energy markets, regardless of forms of ownership; to complete privatization of energy assets; to refuse cross- subsidization; to complete the process of monetization of subsidies. Civil society institutions should become a lever to control management decisions and not to distort the norms of the Law of Ukraine "On the Electricity Market" at the stage of its implementation.

The article analyzes the influence of privatization, which is the main tool for the formation of market relations in the energy sector. The authors found that as a result of the privatization of energy assets in Ukraine, it was not possible to maintain a balance of interests of the state, business and society. The state monopoly was replaced by oligopoly, consumer sovereignty was not secured, and responsibility for energy security is distributed unevenly between business and government. Because of the lack of coordination of policy objectives, privatization did not use the investment resource for energy development, mechanisms for the return of invested funds, which were tested by world experience, were not involved. Completion of privatization should take place after the adoption of a number of decisions related to the institutional framework for the development of electricity market, the development of privatization conditions and contracts with potential investors, measures to ensure the energy security of the state. Reliability of energy supply in the context of further development of private property in the energy sector will be determined by the effectiveness of state regulation in this area, the ability to prevent uncompetitive behavior of market participants. The delay in moving to the European energy model encourages business entities (including sectored monopolists) to lobby their own projects in the government bodies that contradict the established principles of market functioning. The risk of transforming the transitional measures into permanent ones is no less a threat. At the same time, the incompleteness of the transition from the administrative to the market model of regulation not only hampers the development of the world's best business practices by business entities, but also undermines the credibility of government actions. To remedy the situation, it is necessary to accelerate the formation of the institutional and institutional base that ensures the functioning of the energy market in accordance with its new model; to stop administrative interference of the state in the activity of subjects of energy markets, regardless of forms of ownership; to complete privatization of energy assets; to refuse cross- subsidization; to complete the process of monetization of subsidies. Civil society institutions should become a lever to control management decisions and not to distort the norms of the Law of Ukraine "On the Electricity Market" at the stage of its implementation.

This paperdemonstrates the functionality of a power electronics based energy management system (EMS). The EMS includes batteries and a digitally controlled single phase voltage source inverter (VSI) which can be controlled as a current source or a voltage source depending on the status of the AC grid and the user'spreference. The EMS guarantees that the critical loads are powered when the AC grid fails; in which case the VSI is controlled as a voltage source. It also accomplishes peak power control by supplying battery power to the local loads while they are powered by the AC grid if the loads get large. The electricity cost savings accomplished by peak shaving are estimated

This paperdemonstrates the functionality of a power electronics based energy management system (EMS). The EMS includes batteries and a digitally controlled single phase voltage source inverter (VSI) which can be controlled as a current source or a voltage source depending on the status of the AC grid and the user'spreference. The EMS guarantees that the critical loads are powered when the AC grid fails; in which case the VSI is controlled as a voltage source. It also accomplishes peak power control by supplying battery power to the local loads while they are powered by the AC grid if the loads get large. The electricity cost savings accomplished by peak shaving are estimated