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Current data and scientific predictions about the consequences of climate change are accurate in suggesting disaster. Since 2019, climate change has become a threat to human health, and major consequences on health and health systems are already observed. Climate change is a central concern for the nursing discipline, even though nursing theorists’ understanding of the environment has led to problematic gaps that impact the current context. Today, nursing discipline is facing new challenges. Nurses are strategically placed to respond to the impacts of climate change through their practice, research, and training in developing, implementing, and sustaining innovation towards climate change mitigation and adaptation. It is urgent for them to adapt their practice to this reality to become agents of change.

Islands are often considered excellent socio-ecological laboratories for testing the rapidity of global change since they experience the climate effects of sea-level rise faster than other areas. The Azores are a Portuguese volcanic archipelago located on the junction of the three tectonic plates: the Eurasian, the African and the North American plates. São Miguel, the main island of the Azores archipelago, hosts three active volcanoes, but the last significant volcanic eruption was the Capelinhos volcano on the island of Faial in 1957. Hence, the Azores offers the opportunity to assess insular risk awareness, facing both telluric and climate-related hazards. The key research question emerges from their natural situation: how does the local population perceive the threat of the natural hazards that occur in Azores? Because risks are socially constructed and depend on the uniqueness of territories, risk mitigation strategies must focus on the individual experiences of local dwellers, as a relationship between risk awareness and such strategies may be expected. To analyze this relationship, a web-based survey with a questionnaire including these variables was administered to a sample of Azoreans. The study aimed to assess risk awareness of the Azorean population and find a relationship between this and reported mitigation strategies. The results gave a preliminary insight into Azorean risk awareness of natural hazards and showed a significant positive relationship between risk awareness-raising activities and reported mitigation strategies. This is relevant information for municipalities and regional governments of areas with similar risk exposures, showing that, although risk awareness alone is not enough for measures to be implemented, it may be an important motivational first step for this to occur.

A particularly visible aspect of multidimensional approaches to human development and ecological boundaries has been the elaboration of various types of indicators. But such an activity has often proceeded without much scrutiny of: (i) the theory and philosophy that underpins the multidimensional conception expressed through those indicators; and (ii) the socio-economic structure behind those indicators. This article addresses those questions, through a comparison of two authors who pioneered multidimensional approaches aimed at a more humane and sustainable approach to development: A. K. Sen, who focused essentially on human development; and E. F. Schumacher, who also advocated a humane approach to development, but within a conception where ecological sustainability is at the core of the analysis. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Emerging issues related to climate change have been explored in recent years as the need for appropriate behavioral solutions grows. However, one of the main problems raised and yet to be solved is the challenge to encourage people to act against climate change. One of the identified barriers is the mental indirect link between the influence of human activities in the present and their future consequences. This psychological distance could be investigated by examining temporal discounting—the overvaluation of benefits in the present compared to benefits in the future—and its relationship to environmental behavior on consumers’ attitudes toward green purchasing. In this research, we conducted a survey (n = 337) to examine the relationship between temporal discounting and perceived seriousness of environmental behavior and investigated the moderating effect of consumers’ attitudes regarding green purchasing. The results show a moderating effect of these consumers’ attitudes on the relationship between temporal discounting and perceived seriousness of environmental behavior. These findings make important contributions to environmental policies by rethinking and adapting new solutions that promote behavioral change, namely by exploring psychological variables and identifying green consumption profiles.

Com a evolução das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs), e principalmente com a popularização da Internet, a cultura global se transformou, alterando e potencializando, principalmente, o acesso à informação. As relações entre as pessoas mudaram, exigindo das organizações adaptação a esse novo contexto e ao novo perfil de consumidores, mais exigentes e conscientes dos impactos das ações empresariais no meio ambiente. Assim, conceitos como o de Sustentabilidade e Responsabilidade Social Empresarial ganharam força, sendo necessária a sua compreensão enquanto ativo estratégico das organizações. Esse entendimento passa pela inserção da responsabilidade social na cultura e identidade organizacional e, consequentemente, na exteriorização dessa cultura aos públicos externos, agregando valor à marca e auxiliando na construção de relacionamentos mais duradouros e estáveis, o que dá espaço à atuação dos profissionais de relações públicas. Com o objetivo principal de verificar de que forma a identidade socialmente responsável da Delta Cafés é exteriorizada, em meio digital, através dos temas de comunicação, esta dissertação está estruturada como uma pesquisa qualitativa e exploratória, apoiada em análise documental; pesquisa bibliográfica e estudo de caso. O estudo empírico é realizado a partir do modelo de Prisma de Identidade de Marca proposto por Kapferer (1991), utilizado para análise das mídias sociais da empresa objeto de estudo, nomeadamente o Instagram, o Facebook e o LinkedIn. Através dessa metodologia e com base no novo contexto de comunicação digital, busca-se responder se a exteriorização das temáticas comunicacionais por parte das relações públicas da Delta Cafés, nas mídias sociais, identifica a empresa como socialmente responsável. With the evolution of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), and especially with the popularization of Internet, the global culture has changing and increasing the access to information. Relations between people have changed, requiring adaptation from organizations to this new context and to this new profile of consumers, more demanding and aware of the impact of corporate actions on the environment. Thus, concepts such as Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility gained strength, requiring their understanding as a strategic asset of the organizations. This understanding involves the integration of social responsibility in the organizational culture and identity and, consequently, the externalization of that culture to external audiences, adding value to the brand and helping to build long-lasting and stable relationships, which gives space to the actions of public relations professionals. With the main objective to verify how the socially responsible identity of Delta Cafés is externalized in digital media, through the communication issues, this dissertation is structured as a qualitative exploratory study, based on document and literature analysis; and case study. The empirical study is conducted from the Kapferer (1991) Brand Identity Prism, used to analyze the social media of the study subject company, including Instagram, Facebook and LinkedIn. Through this methodology and based on the new context of digital communication, this research try to answer if the externalization of communication issues by the public relations of Delta Cafés, in social media, identified the company as socially responsible.

O presente trabalho tem como âmbito identificar e descrever comportamentos, atitudes e ações no contexto da hotelaria enquanto medidas cooperativas para a sustentabilidade ambiental, retirando-se perspetivas do lado do cliente e do lado do gestor. A sustentabilidade é um tema que tem ganho uma relevância cada vez maior a nível nacional e mundial, a crescente preocupação com o estado do planeta proporciona uma reflexão maior sobre as ações humanas no quotidiano que, neste sentido, devem minimizar os impactos por meio de produtos, serviços, procedimentos e técnicas relacionadas com um desenvolvimento ambiental mais sustentável. Através da revisão de literatura foi possível identificar e caracterizar elementos importantes para formulação da questão de investigação, servindo como meio conceptual dos conceitos abordados ao longo desta dissertação e dando significado às questões abordadas. De forma a responder às questões de investigação, este estudo explorou por intermédio de questionários a opinião de 320 indivíduos sobre a sustentabilidade ambiental na indústria hoteleira. Simultaneamente investigou através de entrevistas ao corpo de administração de 2 hotéis, 2 grupos hoteleiros e 1 alojamento local as motivações e dificuldades para adotar medidas sustentáveis nas suas unidades. Com efeito, os resultados permitiram concluir que a sustentabilidade ambiental tem vindo a ganhar uma importância maior na vida dos inquiridos e acarreta também uma importância considerável para indústria hoteleira, não obstante entendeu-se que os inquiridos ainda consideram outras comodidades mais importantes na seleção de um hotel ou alojamento local em relação às medidas ambientais sustentáveis praticadas pela unidade, ao mesmo tempo, vii chega-se à conclusão que a gestão hoteleira tem atuado sobre a proteção ambiental dos seus estabelecimentos, mas que o modo como implementam medidas varia de acordo com as estratégia de mercado que estabelecem. The present work aims to identify and describe behaviors, attitudes and actions in the context of hospitality as cooperative measures for environmental sustainability in order to get perspectives from the client side and the manager side. Sustainability is a topic that has gained increasing relevance at national and global level, the growing concern with the state of the planet provides a greater reflection on human actions in daily life, which, in this sense, should minimize impacts through products, services, procedures and techniques related to more sustainable environmental development. Through the literature review, it was possible to identify and characterize important elements that helps formulating the research question, serving as a conceptual means of the concepts covered throughout this dissertation and giving meaning to the issues addressed. In order to answer the research questions, this study explored, through questionnaires, the opinion of 320 individuals about the environmental sustainability in the hotel industry. At the same time, through interviews with the board of directors of 2 hotels, 2 hotel groups and 1 local accommodation, it was investigated the motivations and difficulties about adopting sustainable measures in their units. In fact, the results allowed to conclude that environmental sustainability has been gaining a greater importance in the life of the respondents and also entails considerable importance for the hotel industry, although it was understood that the respondents still consider more important other facilities while selecting a hotel or local accommodation in relation to the sustainable environmental measures practiced by the unit, at the same time, it is concluded that the hotel management has been acted on the environmental protection of its x establishments, but the way they implement measures varies according to the strategies that they establish.

Sustainability is an unavoidable subject of the 21st century, and research has gone into understanding financial advantages companies may have from being more sustainable. This research paper explores the link between environmental, social and governance (ESG) ratings of European firms and their cost of debt capital – a relationship hypothesised to be negative. With multiple regression analysis, including controls for firm characteristics, year and sector fixed effects, this dissertation identifies a possible concave quadratic relationship. Regressed variables are lagged one period in relation to the dependent variable, to address endogeneity issues. In the general sample, the relationship between the variables is positive, but by subdividing the sample into quintiles of the ESG rating distribution, a negative relationship is found in top quintiles while the positive relationship is still seen in lower quintiles. The conclusion of this dissertation is threefold: (1) the top 20% ESG performers have a statistically lower average and median cost of debt than the bottom ones, meaning the firms that have the top ESG ratings are better off in the debt markets; (2) on average, higher quintiles of the ESG rating see a negative relationship with the cost of debt; and (3) the coefficients of the ESG rating squared are all significant, thus confirming a significant concave relationship between the ESG rating and the cost of debt. The results, arguably economically modest, reveal an added benefit for companies that operate sustainably, besides ethical reasons or the other financial benefits identified by previous literature. A sustentabilidade é um tema inevitável do século XXI, e vários estudos já exploraram os benefícios económicos de práticas sustentáveis. Esta dissertação explora a relação entre a avaliação de fatores ambientais, sociais e de governança (ESG) de empresas europeias e o seu custo da dívida – uma relação que se supõe ser negativa. Ao usar análise de regressão múltipla, incluindo parâmetros de controlo de características da empresa, de ano e sector económico, esta dissertação identifica uma relação possivelmente quadrática côncava. As variáveis preditivas são desfasadas de um período, para corrigir eventuais problemas de endogeneidade. Na amostra global, verifica-se uma relação positiva entre as variáveis, mas, ao subdividir a amostra em quintis da distribuição da avaliação ESG, verifica-se uma relação negativa nos quintis superiores. Três conclusões decorrem desta dissertação: (1) as empresas no top 20% de avaliação ESG têm um custo da dívida médio e mediano estatisticamente inferiores ao dos 20% inferiores; (2) em média, os quintis superiores mostram uma relação negativa entre o custo da dívida e a avaliação ESG; e (3) os coeficientes da avaliação ESG ao quadrado são todos significativos, confirmando uma relação quadrática côncava significativa entre o custo da dívida e a avaliação ESG. Estes resultados, apesar de economicamente modestos, revelam uma vantagem adicional para as empresas que operam de maneira sustentável, além de razões éticas ou outros benefícios económicos previamente estudados.

Cada vez mais, os consumidores exigem empresas com negócios responsáveis e sustentáveis, estando os termos Responsabilidade Social Corporativa, Sustentabilidade e ESG na ordem do dia no mundo empresarial. Assiste-se por parte das empresas à sua incorporação, desenvolvendo estratégias de forma a integrar as preocupações mais atuais aos níveis sociais, ambientais e de governação nas suas atividades e operações. Para além das empresas puderem ajudar a mitigar estas preocupações, os investimentos nestas áreas podem trazer-lhes diversos benefícios. Este estudo pretende analisar qual a perceção dos consumidores sobre estes temas e a importância que têm para os mesmos, aplicando-se a um caso prático sobre a seguradora Fidelidade. Com base num inquérito preparado para este fim, cujas respostas eram anónimas, pretendeu-se medir a perceção atual que os consumidores têm sobre a Fidelidade e estudar as formas de aumentar a sua perceção a futuro. More and more, consumers demand companies with responsible and sustainable businesses, becoming terms such as Corporate Social Responsibility, Sustainability, and ESG a part of day by day of the recent enterprise world. Those are being incorporated by enterprises, which are developing strategies to integrate the most recent concerns at social, environmental and governance levels into their activities and operations. Beyond the fact of companies might be able to mitigate these concerns, investments in these areas can reward them with several benefits. This thesis aims to analyse the perception of consumers on these themes and its importance for them, applying it to a practical case about the insurance company Fidelidade. Based on a survey designed for this purpose, whose answers were anonymous, it was evaluated the current perception that consumers have about Fidelidade, as well as it was studied how to increase their perception in the future.