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Bioethanol fuel gel is renewable energy (renewable energy) potential as the source is updated and more secure when compared with liquid bioethanol. Besides ethanol gel fuel is also cheaper than fossil fuels such as premium, gas and kerosene. However, the use of bioethanol gel as a substitute for fossil fuels are still very minimal. This is due to factory producing bioethanol gel is limited and little is know how to capitalize on bioethanol gel that can be used in everyday life, as well as bio-ethanol gel stoves. For that, a special study is needed regarding the manufacture and performance of bioethanol gel-fueled stove.This study aims to create a prototype stove bioethanol gel and seek to know the characteristics and comparative performance of bioethanol gel fuel stove by creating a wide variety of combustion (burner) and the air hole diameter 5 mm, 4 mm, 3 mm, 2.5 mm, and 2 mm. Control variables in this study is the production of bioethanol gel CV. Fresh Joy International with ethanol content of 70%, 1.05% Carbopol, 7.33% moisture content with HHV 16942.572 (kJ / kg) and LVH 16717.369 (kJ / kg). Incinerators (burner) made from canned drinks (soft drinks) ex. The data in this study will be processed using a method Boilling Water Tester (WBT) in order to obtain results in the form of influence each - each a variation on bioethanol fuel burner on the stove gel. From the study showed, a stove with a second variation (V2) with a diameter of 4 mm air holes are stoves most effective and efficient with thermal efficiency values (hc) 67% and, blue flame characteristics and stable. 130421008

Biogas is flammable gas produced from the fermentation of organic matter by anaerobic bacteria derived from household waste manure ( cow , pig , chicken ) and organic waste including POME . POME is a condensate of the sterilization process liquid derived from palm oil processing into crude palm oil . The purpose of this study to determine performasi biogas fuel and then compare it with premium fuel . Performance may include power , torque , specific fuel consumption , thermal efficiency , air-fuel ratio , exhaust emissions and combustion in spark plugs . Testing is done by using a variation of the lamp load 100W , 200W , 300W , 400W , and 500W . This study utilizes the biogas produced from palm oil wastewater to be used as fuel in the generator engine 4-stroke otto Starke GFH1900LX type with 1.3 kW peak power , average power 1.0 kW , bore 55 mm , stroke 40 mm , Vd 95 ×〖10〗^(-6 ) m^3, Vc 10 ×〖10〗^(-6 ) m^3, the ratio of compression 10.5 : 1 , and just 1 cylinder . From the test resultshowed the value of power, torque, brake thermal efficiency, AFR, emission levels of CO and O2 decreases. Meanwhile an increase in the value of sfc, emissions of HC and CO2. 090401087

Energy is needed by people but sooner or later the world's oil reserves will be depleted. Generally energy needs are dominated by fossil fuels such as petroleum, natural gas and coal. It is time for Indonesia to reduce dependence on fossil fuels by developing alternative fuels that are renewable and environmentally friendly (renewable). There are three types of alternative energy that can be researched and developed in the world today such as biodiesel, bioethanol and biogas. One potential alternative to be developed was the use of bioethanol. Bioethanol is an alternative fuel that is processed from plants (biomass) by fermentation. In this study, the raw material used to make bioethanol is jackfruit seeds. During this time only used as a jackfruit seeds that only a small proportion of waste utilized as livestock feed and even largely discarded. In fact, if further processed jackfruit seeds can provide added value. This research aims to make bioethanol with various concentrations of yeast and fermentation time. The main process is hydrolysis fermentation using yeast Saccharomyces Cereviciae; and purification by distillation. The variables used were changes in the concentration of yeast 3, 6, 9%; and fermentation time 2, 3, 4 days. From the analysis of the research results obtained bioethanol yield per amount of raw materials best start was 10.9 ml/kg with a density of 0.959 g/ml and the calorific value sebasar 196.899 kkal/kg, ie at 9% concentration variation yeast and fermentation time 3 days. 130425007

Human beings are faced with a situation depleted reserve a source of fossil energy and the increased environmental damage due to use fossil energy. Seeing this condition fuel cell technology is proper to reduce dependence on fossil energy sources. The aim of this research is to find out the influence of the addition of the thickness of a gasket against the production of hydrogen at dry cell and prove machine drycell as an instrument for producing hydrogen. Methods used in this research is the electrolysis of dry (dry cells), change water (H2O) to produce hydrogen pure with varying thickness gaskets on drycell to obtain higher productivity hydrogen and the machine drycell. Research results obtained time the production of highest obtained in testing thick gaskets 1.5 mm by concentration of the KOH 4,66 % and a strong current 26 ampères which reaches 68 second, the rate productivity 4,9085 x 10-5 kg/s with temperature 44,42 OC and time productivity minimum produced at testing KOH 4 % with thick gaskets 6 mm and strong current of 20 ampere reaching 132 seconds with temperature 38,97 OC rate and productivity 2,528 x 10-5 kg./s. Conclusion obtained that time production and rate flow resulting decreasing if thickness gaskets are increasing and of temperature produced by the declining and energy required get bigger, so is otherwise 090401041

Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide (CO2),methane (CH4),nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFC),perfluorocarbons (PFC)and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) in the atmosphere already have environmental impacts caused by rising air temperature at the earth. Forests can absorb greenhouse gases by way of transforming CO2 from the air to deposit the carbon stored in trees. This research use Eucalyptus IND 61 as material research which is this clon is derivative or hybrid clon from Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus urophylla. The objective of this research are (1) estimating potency of biomass and carbon mass from Eucalyptus IND 61 age 5 years; (2) analyzing the differences in carbon content of stems, twigs and leaves from Eucalyptus IND 61 age 5 years; (3) getting the allometric model to estimating carbon stocks potential of Eucalyptus IND 61 age 5 years. The research was carried out in two stages, namely the first stage were to data in the field and the second stage was analyze of carbon biomass and plant in the laboratory. Parameters measured in the field was wet weight, whereas in the laboratory is measured moisture content, volatile matter content, ash content and carbon content. The results of the case study on Eucalyptus IND 61 age 5 years stands, showed that there is a differences in carbon content of stems, twigs and leaves. The highest carbon mass is in the main stem of the tree, and the lowest is in the twigs. The best model allometric equations for estimating biomass and carbon mass of Eucalyptus IND 61 age 5 years was W=47.238-68.109D+2.675D2 and C=25.712-37.647D+1.474D2 (W=biomass; C=carbon mass; D=diameter), resulting in biomass and carbon mass of Eucalyptus IND 61 age 5 years 100.21 ton/ha and 47.08 ton/ha respectively. 121201152

The limited resources of oil and the increase in population is one of the problems in the world, it is that drives us to do development and research on the alternative fuel. Biogas is a fuel derived from palm oil waste, and manure can be used as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. In this study, the biogas is used as a fuel in a diesel engine generator set stationary single-cylinder modified with dual fuel system (dual fuel) to generate electricity. To determine the effect of the performance of the machine, we variasikannya with biogas fuel flow rate. Performance is calculated is the power, torque, thermal efficiency, fuel consumption (SFC) and the ratio of air to fuel (AFR) with test machines using a static load of 600, 900, 1200 and 1500 Watt, as well as engine speed is increased slowly from 1000 up to 1500 RPM, and the addition of a catalytic converter in the hope of reducing exhaust emissions. Then the performance test results were compared with the same diesel engine generator set, using pure diesel fuel, so that it can be seen the influence of biogas for diesel engine performance. And also testing exhaust emissions to meet the eligibility standardization of engines that use diesel fuel and biogas. Also the economic value ratio calculation to determine the efficiency of the economic value of the fuel changes. From the test results showed that, the power and torque of the engine tends to increase for several biogas stream flow rate, increased thermal efficiency for the entire biogas flow rate decreases while the SFC and the AFR for the entire biogas flow rate. By using biogas, can reduce the consumption of diesel fuel (diesel economic value). 100401075

Biodiesel is one of the most potential of alternative energy as a renewable and environmentally friendly. Processing biodiesel is generally made by transesterification using heterogeneous base catalyst. Chicken bone ash (CaO) is a heterogeneous base catalyst non-corrosive and environmentally friendly, can be easily separated from the product by filtration and disposal issues fewer than homogeneous catalysts. This catalyst was isolated from chicken bones made by milling chicken bones and do calcination process. Some other important variables other than the selection of the catalyst is the catalyst dosage, molar ratio and the reaction temperature. The highest yield of biodiesel produced was 90.052 % with the molar ratio is 17: 1, reaction temperature is 70 ° C and 7% catalyst (w / w) with reaction time of 7 hours and stirring speed of 500 rpm as a constant variable. 110405095

Fossil fuel consumption are increasing rapidly and has increased, while fossil fuel reserves are limited, research is directed towards alternative renewable fuels. A potensial diesel fuel substitute is biodiesel. On this research cooking palm oil and ethanol are converted to biodiesel using base catalyst potassium hydroxide (KOH) with transesterification reaction scheme. Reaction take place during 4 hour at temperature 78oC,with comparison of ethanol : cooking palm oil molar ratio 6 : 1, by batch process and atmosphere pressure. The biodiesel obtained was analysed using gas chromatography (GC). In this research, transesterification can produce 76,8 % etyl ester.Then carried out with the blending of biodiesel and diesel fuel mixture composition 60%, 70%, 85%, and test characteristics such as density, flash point, distillation, copper strip corrosion, colour. The results obtained from the characteristic value of density, distillation, copper strip corrosion, colour of all fuel products approaching the diesel fuel value as a comparison and to meet the range specification diesel fuel. Flash point value fuel products is still high compared with the value of diesel fuel flash point of comparison. 087006026

Biogas as one of gaseous alternative fuels instead of fossil fuels are increasingly not sufficient and less environmentally friendly. But biogas with a methane content of only 50% -60% is not maximized improve engine performance and reduce exhaust gas emissions. So for this study aims to analyze the test results otto 4 stroke engine generator premium fuel and biogas by means of blower type air compressor as turbocarjer and catalytic converters to reduce exhaust emissions. The use of blower turbocarjer and catalytic converter in the engine generator set otto 4 steps will impact the performance (power, torque, SFC, Thermal Efficiency and AFR) and emissions (CO, HC, CO2 and O2) generated by premium fuel and biogas. In this study was conducted with a load of 100 watts, 200 watts, 300 watts, 400 watts and 500 watts. Maximum power occurred on premium fuel load of 500 watts at 2726.29 rpm rotation, namely 427.56 watts. The maximum torque occurs at a premium fuel load of 500 watts at 2726.29 rpm rotation, namely 1.49 Nm. SFC minimum occurred on premium fuel load of 500 watts at 2726.29 rpm rotation, it’s 1042.36 g / Kw hour. Thermal efficiency maximum occurred on premium fuel load of 500 watts at 2726.29 rpm rotation, it’s 8.1%. AFR maximum occurred on premium fuel load of 100 watts at 2834.86 rpm rotation, it’s 17.93. Minimum CO emissions occur on biogas fuel load of 100 watts at 2947.7 rpm rotation, it’s 0.06%. HC emission minimum occurred on premium fuel load of 500 watts at round 2726.29 rpm, which it’s 214 ppm. Minimum CO2 emissions occurred on premium fuel load of 100 watts at 2834.86 rpm rotation, it’s 1.58%. O2 maximum occurred on premium fuel load of 100 watts at 2834.86 rpm rotation, it’s 14.93%. 110401030

Biogas is a gas that can be produced from anaerobic fermentation of organic material such as animal and human’s feces, biomass or agricultural waste. In this research the biogas was produced from mixture of fruits garbage and some agricultural wastes: i.c corn stalk, rice straw and sawdust. The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of the mixture using non factorial completely randomized design with parameters as follow : final C/N ratio, the first time to produce gas, pressure, colour of flame and duration of flame. The results indicated that the mixture gave significant effect on the final C/N ratio and not significant effect on the first time to produce gas, pressure, colour of flame and duration of flame. 040308018