• Energy Research
• English close
• University of Göttingen close

# Reproductive data Fagus sylvatica: Widespread masting breakdown in beech [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.qz612jmps](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.qz612jmps) This dataset, used in the Global Change Biology article "Widespread breakdown in masting in European beech due to rising summer temperatures", contains 50 time series of population-level annual reproductive data by European beech (*Fagus sylvatica*, L) across Europe. The dataset builds on the open-access dataset [MASTREE+](https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16130), and expands it for European beech. ## Description of the data The dataset column names follow that of MASTREE+. A description of MASTREE+ column names (Modified from Table 1 in the [MASTREE+ article)](https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16130): | *Columns* | *Description* | *Contains NA?* | | :-------------------- | :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------------- | | Alpha\_Number | Unique code associated with each original source of data, that is, the publication, report or thesis containing extracted data, or the previously unpublished data set included in MASTREE+. | No | | Segment | Temporal segment of a time-series containing gaps (note that years with no observations are not recorded). Individual timeseries can consist of multiple segments. | No | | Site\_number | Code to differentiate multiple sites from the same original source (Alpha\_Number/Study\_ID). | No | | Variable\_number | Code to differentiate multiple measures of reproductive output from the same species-site combination (e.g. where seeds and cones were recorded separately). | No | | Year | Year of observation. | No | | Species | Species identifier, standardised to The Plant List nomenclature. ‘spp.’ is used to indicate a record identified to the genus level only. ‘MIXED’ indicates a non-species-specific community-level estimate of annual reproductive effort. | No | | Species\_code | Six-character species identifier. | No | | Mono\_Poly | Monocarpic (semelparous) or Polycarpic (iteroparous) species. | No | | Value | The measured value of annual reproductive output. | No | | VarType | Continuous or ordinal data. Continuous time-series are recorded on a continuous scale. Ordinal series are recorded on an ordered categorical scale. All ordinal series are rescaled to start at 1 (lowest reproductive effort) and to contain only integer values. | No | | Max\_value | The unit of measurement, where VarType is continuous (otherwise: NA). | No | | Unit | The maximum value in a time-series. | No | | Variable | Categorical classification of the measured variable. Options limited to: cone, flower, fruit, seed, pollen, total reproduction organs. | No | | Collection\_method | Classification of the method used to measure reproductive effort. Options are limited to: cone count, cone scar count, flower count, fruit count, fruit scar sound, seed count, seed trap, pollen count, lake sediment pollen count, harvest record, visual crop assessment, other quantification, dendrochronological reconstruction. | No | | Latitude | Latitude of the record, in decimal degrees. | No | | Longitude | Longitude of the record, in decimal degrees. | No | | Coordinate\_flag | A flag to indicate the precision of the latitude and longitude. A = coordinates provided in the original source B = coordinates estimated by the compiler based on a map or other location information provided in the original source C = coordinates estimated by the compiler as the approximate centre point of the smallest clearly defined geographical unit provided in the original source (e.g. county, state, island), and potentially of low precision. | No | | Site | A site name or description, based on information in the original source. | No | | Country | The country where the observation was recorded. | No | | Elevation | The elevation of the sample site in metres above sea level, where provided in the original source (otherwise: NA). | Yes | | Spatial\_unit | Categorical classification of spatial scale represented by the record, estimated by the compiler based on information provided in the original source. stand = <100 ha, patch = 100–10,000 ha, region = 10,000–1,000,000 ha, super-region = >1,000,000 ha. | No | | No\_indivs | Either the number of monitored individual plants, or the number of litter traps. NA indicates no information in the original source, and 9999 indicates that while the number of monitored individuals was not specified, the source indicated to the compiler that the sample size was likely ≥10 individuals or litter traps. | No | | Start | The first year of observations for the complete time-series, including all segments. | No | | End | The final year of observations for the complete time-series, including all segments. | No | | Length | The number of years of observations. Note that may not be equal to the number of years between the Start and End of the time-series, due to gaps in the time-series. | No | | Reference | Identification for the original source of the data. | No | | Record\_type | Categorisation of the original source. Peer-reviewed = extracted from peer reviewed literature Grey = extracted from grey literature Unpublished = unpublished data. | No | | ID\_enterer | Identification of the original compiler of the data. AHP, Andrew Hacket-Pain; ES, Eliane Schermer; JVM, Jose Moris; XTT, Tingting Xue; TC, Thomas Caignard; DV, Davide Vecchio; DA, Davide Ascoli; IP, Ian Pearse; JL, Jalene LaMontagne; JVD, Joep van Dormolen. | No | | Date\_entry | Date of data entry into MASTREE+ in the format yyyy-mm-dd. | No | | Note on data location | Notes on the location of the data within the original source, such as page or figure number. If not provided, NA. | Yes | | Comments | Additional comments. If not provided, NA. | Yes | | Study\_ID | Unique code associated with each source of data. M\_ = series extracted from published literature; A\_ = series incorporated from Ascoli et al. (2020), Ascoli, Maringer, et al. (2017) and Ascoli, Vacchiano, et al. (2017); PLK\_ = series incorporated from Pearse et al. (2017); D\_ = unpublished data sets. NA is attributed if no study ID has been previously associated with this time-series in MASTREE+ v.1. | Yes | Note that the new beech reproductive data has been assigned an arbitrary Alpha_Number for the purpose of this study. Future MASTREE+ updates which incorporate this new data may alter the time series ID columns (e.g. Alpha_Number, Site_number, Variable_number). MASTREE+ updates can be found on [GITHUB](https://github.com/JJFoest/MASTREEplus). Climate change effects on tree reproduction are poorly understood even though the resilience of populations relies on sufficient regeneration to balance increasing rates of mortality. Forest-forming tree species often mast, i.e. reproduce through synchronised year-to-year variation in seed production, which improves pollination and reduces seed predation. Recent observations in European beech show, however, that current climate change can dampen interannual variation and synchrony of seed production, and that this masting breakdown drastically reduces the viability of seed crops. Importantly, it is unclear under which conditions masting breakdown occurs, and how widespread breakdown is in this pan-European species. Here, we analysed 50 long-term datasets of population-level seed production, sampled across the distribution of European beech, and identified increasing summer temperatures as the general driver of masting breakdown. Specifically, increases in site-specific mean maximum temperatures during June and July were observed across most of the species range, while the interannual variability of population-level seed production (CVp) decreased. The declines in CVp were greatest where temperatures increased most rapidly. Additionally, the occurrence of crop failures and low-seed years has decreased during the last four decades, signalling altered starvation effects of masting on seed predators. Notably, CVp did not vary among sites according to site mean summer temperature. Instead, masting breakdown occurs in response to warming local temperatures (i.e. increasing relative temperatures), such that the risk is not restricted to populations growing in warm average conditions. As lowered CVp can reduce viable seed production despite the overall increase in seed count, our results warn that a covert mechanism is underway that may hinder the regeneration potential of European beech under climate change, with great potential to alter forest functioning and community dynamics.

High-resolution information on climatic conditions is essential to many applications in environmental and ecological sciences. Here we present the CHELSA (Climatologies at high resolution for the earth’s land surface areas) data of downscaled temperature and precipitation to a high resolution of 30 arc sec. The temperature algorithm is based on statistical downscaling of atmospheric temperatures. The precipitation algorithm incorporates orographic predictors including wind fields, valley exposition, and boundary layer height, with a subsequent bias correction. CHELSA data published in EnviDat includes the deprecated version 1.2 (originally published under 10.5061/dryad.kd1d4). Please use the current 2.1 version. Paper Citation: - _Karger DN. et al. Climatologies at high resolution for the earth’s land surface areas, Scientific Data, 4, 170122 (2017) [doi: 10.1038/sdata.2017.122](https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.122)._

Humans share an extraordinary degree of sociality with other primates, calling for comparative work into the evolutionary drivers of the variation in social engagement observed between species. Of particular interest is the contrast between the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) and bonobo (Pan paniscus), the latter exhibiting increased female gregariousness, more tolerant relationships, and elaborate behavioral adaptations for conflict resolution. Here we test predictions from three socio-ecological hypotheses regarding the evolution of these traits using data on wild bonobos at LuiKotale, Democratic Republic of Congo. Focusing on the behavior of co-feeding females and controlling for variation in characteristics of the feeding patch, food intake rate moderately increased while feeding effort decreased with female dominance rank, indicating that females engaged in competitive exclusion from high quality food resources. However, these rank effects did not translate into variation in energy balance, as measured from urinary C-peptide levels. Instead, energy balance varied independent of female rank with the proportion of fruit in the diet. Together with the observation that females join forces in conflicts with males, our results support the hypothesis that predicts that females trade off feeding opportunities for safety against male aggression. The key to a full understanding of variation in social structure may be an integrated view of cooperation and competition over access to the key resources food and mates, both within and between the sexes. main_pan_analysis_II_intake_poisson_script_07022017R script for analysing food intake using a GLMMMASTER_analyses_II_R_file_intake_fFile containing the variables for the GLMM on food intake, analysed in RMAIN_pan_analysis_III_movement_script_26092016R script for analysing movement probability in focal trees using GLMMMASTER_analyses_III_R_file_movement_fFile containing the variables to analyse movement probability with a GLMM in Rmain_ucp_model_script_21022018_seasonality_update_with_feedscansR script to analyse variation in urinary C-peptide in a LMMmain_ucp_model_data_r_2018_seasonality_update_with_feed_scansFile containing the variables to analyse variation in urinary C-peptide using an LMM in R

The expansion of irrigated agriculture has increased global crop production but resulted in widespread stress to freshwater resources. Ensuring that increases in irrigated production only occur in places where water is relatively abundant is a key objective of sustainable agriculture, and knowledge of how irrigated land has evolved is important for measuring progress towards water sustainability. Yet a spatially detailed understanding of the evolution of global area equipped for irrigation (AEI) is missing. Here we utilize the latest sub-national irrigation statistics (covering 17298 administrative units) from various official sources to develop a gridded (5 arc-min resolution) global product of AEI for the years 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015. We find that AEI increased by 11% from 2000 (297 Mha) to 2015 (330 Mha) with locations of both substantial expansion (e.g., northwest India, northeast China) and decline (e.g., Russia). Combining these outputs with information on green (i.e., rainfall) and blue (i.e., surface and ground) water stress, we also examine to what extent irrigation has expanded unsustainably (i.e., in places already experiencing water stress). We find that more than half (52%) of irrigation expansion has taken place in regions that were already water stressed, with India alone accounting for 36% of global unsustainable expansion. These findings provide new insights into the evolving patterns of global irrigation with important implications for global water sustainability and food security. Recommended citation: Mehta, P., Siebert, S., Kummu, M. et al. Half of twenty-first century global irrigation expansion has been in water-stressed regions. Nat Water (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s44221-024-00206-9 Open-access peer reviewed publication available at https://www.nature.com/articles/s44221-024-00206-9 Files G_AEI_*.ASC were produced using the GMIA dataset[https://data.apps.fao.org/catalog/iso/f79213a0-88fd-11da-a88f-000d939bc5d8]. Files MEIER_G_AEI_*.ASC were produced using Meier et al. (2018) dataset [https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.884744].

This readme.txt file was generated on 2024-02-12 by Ali Omer GENERAL INFORMATION 1. Title of Dataset: Caltivted alien flora of Southern Africa 2. Author Information A. Principal Investigator Contact Information Name: Ali Omer Institution: Division of BioInvasions, Global Change & Macroecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna Address: Rennweg 14, Vienna 1030, Austria Email: 3. Date of data collection: 2019.03.01-2020.11.01. 4. Geographic location of data collection: Konstanz, Germany. 5. Information about funding sources that supported the collection of the data: this data was funded through the German Research Foundation DFG (grants 264740629 and 432253815). and FWF-DFG for funding (grant I-5825 – B) SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION 1. Links to publications that cite or use the data: This data was used to produce a study that is accepted for publication in Ecography (10.1111/ecog.07010). 2. Recommended citation for this dataset: Omer, A. et al. 2024. Invasion risk of the currently cultivated alien flora in Southern Africa is predicted to decline under climate change. – Dryad Digital Repository, . DATA & FILE OVERVIEW 1. File List: * Cultivated_alien_taxa_data, list of cultivated alien taxa of Southern Africa and associated data on geographic origins, growth form, climatic suitability and naturalization status, METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION 1. Description of methods used for collection/generation of data: The list of cultivated species and all the associated datasets were extracted from different data sources (for more details see ) 2. Methods for processing the data: Theis data has been processed with speceis distributiom models (SDMs), series randomization tests and generalized linear models to produce a manuscript accepted for publication in Ecography. DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: [Cultivated alien taxa data] 1. Number of variables: 25 2. Number of cases/rows: 1,527 3. Variable List: * TPL names, Accepted taxonomic name according to The Plant List version 1.1 () * Family, Accepted family names of the cultivated flora according to The Plant List version 1.1 (). * GloNAF naturalization status, Naturalization status in Southern Africa (yes=1, no=0) according to the GloNAF database, 0-1 * Variables from 4 to 18 are names of the continents of origins and the growth forms of each species * Current climatic suitability, number of suitabile grid cells under current climatic condition * SSP1_CanESM5 climatic suitability, SSP5_CanESM5 climatic suitability, SSP1_CNRM_ESN climatic suitability, SP5_CNRM_ESN climatic suitability, SSP1_MIROC6 climatic suitability, SSP5_MIROC6 climatic suitability, number of suitabile grid cells under different future climatic scenarios and global circulation models (GCMs) 1. Missing data codes: NA \ 0 = No 1 = yes Alien species can have massive impacts on native biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and human livelihoods. Assessing which species from currently cultivated alien floras may escape into the wild and naturalize is essential for efficient and proactive ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation. Climate change has already promoted the naturalization of many alien plants in temperate regions, but whether it is similar in (sub)tropical areas is insufficiently known. In this study, we used species distribution models for 1,527 cultivated alien plants to evaluate current and future invasion risks across different biomes and 10 countries in southern Africa. Our results confirm that the area of suitable climate is a strong predictor of naturalization success among the cultivated alien flora. In contrast to previous findings from temperate regions, however, climatic suitability is generally predicted to decrease for potential aliens across our (sub)tropical study region. While increasingly hotter and drier conditions are likely to drive declines in suitability for potential aliens across most biomes of southern Africa, in some the number of potential invaders is predicted to increase under moderate climate change scenarios (e.g., in dry broadleaf forests and flooded grasslands). We found that climatic suitability is expected to decline less for aliens originating from continents with the tropical biome or from the Southern Hemisphere. In addition, we found that the climatically suitable area will decline less for aliens that have already naturalized in the region. While the number of potential invaders may decrease across southern Africa under future climate change, our results suggest that already naturalized aliens will continue to threaten native species and ecosystems.

For 20 years, the German DINI Certificate for Open Access Publication Services has provided transparent criteria and guidelines for building and maintaining trustworthy publication services such as repositories and Diamond Open Access journals. The community-developed, non-commercial certificate paves the way for open scholarly communication and supports the prerequisites for the free availability of scholarly information as an essential element of future-oriented research-related services. Introduced in 2004 and now in its 7th revised version, the DINI Certificate has been used in approximately 120 - mostly successful - certification processes. Since the beginning the catalogue takes into account international standards (e.g. provided by COAR, OpenAIRE). With this poster, we are reaching out to the international repository community by illustrating the key features of the well-established Certificate and its catalogue of criteria. The latest version of the Certificate has been adapted to the Austrian legal system. We hope that other countries will follow, so that repositories in more countries can benefit from the DINI Certificate.

Even though sustainability has become an omnipresent mega-trend, very little related research has been done in Europe. The objective of the present paper is to discover consumers’ perceptions concerning sustainably produced bananas. To this end, 316 German consumers participated in a discrete choice experiment and filled in a questionnaire. The results confirm that trust in the standard setter plays a particularly important role for the success of a label. Generally there is need for further simplification and information. The International Food and Agribusiness Management Review is the published by IFAMA. www.ifama.org

In Indonesia, as in many other countries of the global South, processes to formalize rights over land have been implemented with the intention to reduce deforestation, decrease poverty and increase tenure security. Literature on de jure processes of land formalization is widely available. There is a gap, however, on the discrepancy of de jure land titling procedures and de facto strategies to legitimize land claims. Led by the theoretical concepts of “law as process” and “politics of scale”, this study closes this gap by analyzing the impact of national tenure formalization processes on de facto local patterns of land titling. Using empirical material from 16 villages in Jambi province, we show that the outcomes of the state-led land reforms and land tenure formalization processes are imitated and translated into locally feasible actions. We refer to these translation processes as “mimicry of the legal”. The land formalization endeavors fostering mimicry of the legal allow for resource exploitation and rent-seeking behavior. Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies, Vol 9 No 1 (2016): Political Ecology and Socio-Ecological Conflicts