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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: García, Nieves; Weerheim, Kees; van der Helm, Frank; Kempkes, Frank; +2 Authors

    In the winter 2013-2014 Wageningen UR Greenhouse Horticulture conducted studies on energy saving opportunities in the cultivation of gerbera, CV Kimsey. The research was funded by the program Greenhouse as Energy Source from the Ministry of Economic Affairs and LTO Glaskracht. The contribution of LED lighting, LED interlighting, a lower intensity of the light installation, and light integration was investigated. An electricity savings of 45% was the target. By using LED lighting a 20% electricity savings are possible in exchange for a small production loss (2.3%) and some additional heat demand (9%). By installing 80 instead of 100 μmol light gerbera growers can save another 20% energy costing only 3.9% production without sacrificing quality. The targeted PAR sum for light integration was too high to contribute to electricity savings. The use of 20 μmol LED interlighting in combination with 60 μmol top light (LED or SON-T) resulted in significantly less production (9%) and lower flower quality: shorter and lighter, smaller diameter and a lower % of dry matter) than 80 μmol top light. In de winter van 2013-2014 is met financiering door Kas als Energiebron bij Wageningen UR Glastuinbouw teeltonderzoek gedaan naar mogelijkheden energie te besparen in de teelt van gerbera, cv Kimsey. Onderzocht is de bijdrage van LED belichting, LED tussenbelichting, een lagere intensiteit van de belichtingsinstallatie, en lichtintegratie. Beoogd werd een besparing op elektra van 45% totaal. Door toepassing van LED-belichting is 20% besparing op elektra mogelijk, met een klein productieverlies van 2.3% en een extra warmtebehoefte van 9%. Door te kiezen voor 80 in plaats van 100 μmol kunnen gerberatelers nog eens 20% op energie besparen; dit kostte 3.9% productie zonder op kwaliteit in te leveren. De gestelde PAR som voor lichtintegratie was te hoog waardoor er geen bijdrage aan de besparing kon worden geleverd. Het gebruik van 20 μmol LED tussenbelichting in combinatie met 60 μmol topbeliching (LED of SON-T) resulteerde in aanzienlijk minder productie (ruim 9% minder bloemen, korter, lichter, van kleinere diameter en een lager % droge stof) dan 80 μmol topbelichting.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Research@WURarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Research@WUR
    Other ORP type . 2016
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Research@WURarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Research@WUR
      Other ORP type . 2016
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: de Zwart, H.F.; de Gelder, A.; Hofland-Zijlstra, J.; Noordam, M.;

    In order to realise a horticultural sector that operates without the combustion of fossil fuel, the first step is to reduce the demand for heating by improving the insultation of greenhouses. This holds especially for crops that are grown at high temperatures, like sweet pepper. The Venlow Energy greenhouse with its double glass cladding and energy screen is a good example of such a highly insulated greenhouse. This report presents the results of a one year cultivation and serves as a bench mark for the state of the art in energy conserving production of Sweet Pepper in the Netherlands. It shows the greenhouse climate conditions required, and the possibilities to meet these requirements with a low energy consumption and options to realise this from sustainable sources. The application of sustainable energy sources was not tested in practice, but since the exact resources (heat and CO2) required from hour to hour were measured, it is easy to do the math on the amounts and capacities needed. The application of pure CO2 or CO2 from another sustainable source is essential when aiming at a fossil energy free horticulture. Without external CO2 the production will drop substantially, especially because an energy conserving greenhouse has typically a strongly reduced air exchange. But, for the same reason, the amount of CO2 needed to increase the CO2 concentration is quite limited, 25 kg/m² per year in this experiment. With a production of 32.5 kg class I of red Sweet Pepper per m², the experiment has shown that halving the energy consumption compared to the general practice did’nt reduced the production. Voor de realisatie van een energieneutrale glastuinbouw helpt het enorm wanneer kassen beter geïsoleerd zouden zijn. Dit geldt des te meer voor gewassen die warm geteeld worden, zoals de Paprika. De Venlow Energy kas met een dubbel glas kasdek en energiescherm is een voorbeeld van zo’n hoog-isolerende kas. Dit verslag geeft het resultaat van een jaarrond teelt en vormt een ijkpunt voor de huidige stand van de techniek in de energiezuinige teelt van Paprika. Het toont de klimaatvereisten voor de teelt, en de mogelijkheden om dit klimaat energiezuinig en klimaatneutraal in te vullen. Dit laatste punt, klimaatneutrale invulling is niet in praktische zin getoetst, maar omdat van uur tot uur precies bekend is hoeveel energie- en CO2 zijn ingezet is gemakkelijk te berekenen hoe deze resources op klimaatneutrale wijze ingevuld zouden kunnen worden. Het gebruik van zuivere CO2 of CO2 uit een andere externe bron is overigens essentieel voor een energieneutrale glastuinbouw. Zonder toevoer van CO2 daalt de productie zeer sterk, vooral omdat er in energiezuinige kassen weinig gelucht wordt. Omgekeerd betekent de beperkte luchtuitwisseling met buiten ook dat er geen grote hoeveelheden CO2 nodig zijn. Er is 25 kg CO2 per m² gebruikt. Met de productie van 32.5 kg klasse I aan rode Paprika per m² heeft het experiment laten zien dat de halvering van de warmtevraag ten opzichte van de praktijk niet ten koste is gegaan van productie en kwaliteit.

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    Research@WUR
    Other ORP type . 2017
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Research@WURarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Research@WUR
      Other ORP type . 2017
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: de Zwart, H.F.; Garcia Victoria, N.; Kromwijk, J.A.M.; Kempkes, F.L.K.;

    In this study an analysis is presented on the perspectives of highly insulated greenhouses for extensively heatedgreenhouse crops. Three crops were used as an example, ranging from Antirrhinum, with a yearly heatingdemand of 4 m³ of natural gas equivalents per m² to strawberry, with 13 m³ of gas consumption per m² peryear.If Antirrhinum would be grown in a double glazed, highly insulated greenhouse with an energy recuperatingdehumidification system, the remaining heat demand will be almost zero. Growing strawberries in such agreenhouse reduces the gas consumption for heating down to 7 m³/(m² year). When generating this heatwith a heat pump, only 21 kWh/(m² year) will be needed for heating. In all greenhouse sectors, a tendencytowards an intensified production by using artificial illumination can be seen. Illumination has a much higherimpact on energy consumption than heating, so insulation of greenhouses for extensively heated crops is of lessimportance than improving the transmissivity or developing better lighting systems.Besides energy for heating and lighting, greenhouses use a substantial amount of energy for soil disinfection.Here savings can be achieved by using biological disinfection, substrate systems or ozonized water.This project was funded by the research program ‘Kas als Energiebron’, the joined action and innovation programof the ministry of Economic affairs and LTO Glaskracht Nederland. De warmtevraag bij drie voorbeelden van extensieve teelten varieert tussen 4 m³/(m² jaar) gas bij Leeuwebek en 13 m³/(m² jaar) bij een extensieve Aardbeienteelt. Door kassen veel beter te isoleren en energiezuinigte ontvochtigen daalt bij Leeuwebek en sla daalt de warmtevraag naar bijna 0 m³/(m² jaar) en bij Aardbeien naar 7 m³/(m² jaar). Bij gebruik van een warmtepomp betekent dit 21 kWh/m², die groen zou kunnen wordeningekocht. Wanneer in deze extensieve teelten belichting wordt toegepast blijkt dat dit al gauw veel meer stroom verbruikt dan de verwarming. Beperken of verbeteren van de belichting heeft dan ook een grotere impact op de verduurzaming van de tuinbouw dan het verhogen van de isolatiegraad, temeer daar bij hogere lichtintensiteiten ook hogere teelttemperaturen horen. Indien kassen een hogere lichttransmissie hebben en deze lichtwinst wordt benut omminder te belichten kunnen ook substantiële energiebesparingen worden behaald. Geheel los van verwarming en belichting staat het energieverbruik voor de grondontsmetting. Biologische Grond Ontsmetting, het gebruik van gronddoekgoten en het gebruik van geozoniseerd water zijn hier energiezuinigealternatieven. Deze studie is gefinancierd vanuit het programma Kas als Energiebron, het innovatie- en actieprogramma van het ministerie van Economische Zaken en LTO Glaskracht Nederland.

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    Research@WUR
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Research@WURarrow_drop_down
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      Research@WUR
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    Authors: Derikx, Piet; Oenema, Oene; Poppe, Krijn; Vellinga, Theun; +4 Authors
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    Research@WUR
    Other ORP type . 2018
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      Other ORP type . 2018
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    Authors: Nienhuis, Ciska; Melse, Roland; Heesmans, Hanneke; Verdoes, Nico; +3 Authors

    Het ministerie van LNV wil duidelijk hebben of mestvergisting bij kan dragen aan de klimaatdoelstellingen waar de landbouw aan moet voldoen. De vraag is of mestvergisting kan bijdragen aan de reductie van broeikasgas- en ammoniakemissie, wat het (lange termijn) effect is op de organische stofopbouw en of het toevoegen van extra organisch materiaal aan de mest in de mestvergister hierop van invloed is. In deze studie is gekeken naar verschillende scenario’s: rundveedrijfmest, varkensdrijfmest, beide mest typen 100% vergist en beide mest typen met covergist met organisch materiaal. Uit de literatuur komt naar voren dat er nog weinig (veld)onderzoek gedaan is naar het verschil in effect dat mestvergisting heeft op de emissies en opbouw van organische stof in de bodem. Toedieningstechniek, (weers)omstandigheden, viscositeit van de mest en bodemcondities bepalen of mestvergisten wel of niet bijdraagt aan emissiereductie. Het wel of niet meteen afvoeren van de mest naar de vergister blijkt volgens het gebruikte vergistingsmodel het meest te bepalen of vergisting bijdraagt aan de reductie van broeikasgas- en ammoniakemissie. Monovergisting met rundveedrijfmest blijk volgens het organische stof model substantieel meer bij de dragen aan de organische stof opbouw in de bodem dan de overige meststypen.

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    Research@WUR
    Other ORP type . 2020
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    Authors: van Haaster-de Winter, M.A.; Dijkshoorn-Dekker, M.W.C.; Polman, N.B.P.; Mattijssen, T.J.M.; +1 Authors

    Om te achterhalen wat de huidige rol is van natuurinclusief bouwen in de vastgoedsector en hoe de sector ondersteund kan worden om meer natuurinclusief te bouwen is in 2019 een enquête uitgezet onder bedrijven in de Nederlandse vastgoedsector. Op basis van de uitkomsten concluderen we dat er een positieve houding is ten aanzien van natuurinclusief bouwen; de aantrekkingskracht ervan zowel in maatschappelijk als bedrijfsbelang ligt en er in het peloton aanknopingspunten zijn voor gedragsverandering naar natuurinclusief bouwen. To find out what the current role of nature-inclusive building is in the real estate sector and how the sector can be supported to build more nature-inclusive, a survey is conducted among companies in the Dutch real estate sector in 2019. Based on the results, we conclude that there is a positiveattitude towards nature-inclusive construction; its appeal lies in both social and business interests andthere are leverage points for behavioural change towards nature-inclusive construction in the following pack.

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    Research@WUR
    Other ORP type . 2020
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      Research@WUR
      Other ORP type . 2020
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    Authors: van der Voort, M.P.J.; Timmerman, M.;

    Het doel van de PPS Energie & Landbouw is om invulling te geven aan de rol van de landbouw in de energietransitie. Dit door het maximaliseren van de bijdrage van de landbouw op een wijze dat hernieuwbare energieproductie en consumptie een integraal rendabel onderdeel van het agrarische bedrijf wordt. Voor een aantal representatieve bedrijfssystemen met veel grondgebruik (akkerbouw en melkveehouderij) wordt het energieverbruik in kaart gebracht. De modelgegevens bieden partijen inzicht in het energieverbruik in regionale energienetwerken. Door regionale spreiding van bedrijfstypen geeft dit project onderdeel input voor andere onderdelen van deze PPS Energie & Landbouw.

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    Research@WUR
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    Authors: Baltussen, W.H.M.; Dolman, M.A.; Hoste, R.; Janssens, S.R.M.; +2 Authors

    In opdracht van het ministerie van Economische Zaken en Topsector Agri & Food heeft LEIWageningen UR de state-of-the-art in kaart gebracht op het gebied van de duurzaamheidsprestatiesvoor vier belangrijke grondstoffen van de aardappel-, suiker-, varkensvlees- en zuivelketen. De viergrondstoffen zijn: land, water, energie en fosfaat. De focus in dit rapport ligt op de kansen enuitdagingen die er zijn op het gebied van efficiënter grondstofgebruik.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Uyterlinde, Martine; Londo, Marc; Sinke, Wim; van Roosmalen, John; +5 Authors

    De transitie naar een duurzame energievoorziening heeft op veel terreinen ingrijpende gevolgen voor onze samenleving. Het gaat onder meer om een verandering van leefomgeving en landschap. Voor een succesvolle energietransitie is het nodig om nu al rekening te houden met de ruimtelijke vormgeving van nieuwe energielandschappen en de manier waarop die tot stand komen. Dit betekent dat alle betrokkenen samen energielandschappen ontwerpen waarin mens en technologie elkaar op een nieuwe manier ontmoeten. Een andere manier van denken: niet het ruimtelijk inpassen, maar het creëren van landschappen die door mensen worden gewaardeerd en economisch haalbaar zijn. Landschappen die zorgen dat de overgang naar een duurzame, koolstofarme toekomst breed gedragen wordt en snel kan plaatsvinden. ECN en WUR hebben hun kennis over energietechnologie en landschapsarchitectuur gebundeld in dit paper. Zo willen ze een bijdrage leveren aan de discussie over wat wenselijk en noodzakelijk is om de energietransitie ruimtelijk in goede banen te leiden.

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    Authors: van der Wal, T.; Vullings, L.A.E.; Zaneveld-Reijnders, J.; Bink, R.J.;
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    Authors: García, Nieves; Weerheim, Kees; van der Helm, Frank; Kempkes, Frank; +2 Authors

    In the winter 2013-2014 Wageningen UR Greenhouse Horticulture conducted studies on energy saving opportunities in the cultivation of gerbera, CV Kimsey. The research was funded by the program Greenhouse as Energy Source from the Ministry of Economic Affairs and LTO Glaskracht. The contribution of LED lighting, LED interlighting, a lower intensity of the light installation, and light integration was investigated. An electricity savings of 45% was the target. By using LED lighting a 20% electricity savings are possible in exchange for a small production loss (2.3%) and some additional heat demand (9%). By installing 80 instead of 100 μmol light gerbera growers can save another 20% energy costing only 3.9% production without sacrificing quality. The targeted PAR sum for light integration was too high to contribute to electricity savings. The use of 20 μmol LED interlighting in combination with 60 μmol top light (LED or SON-T) resulted in significantly less production (9%) and lower flower quality: shorter and lighter, smaller diameter and a lower % of dry matter) than 80 μmol top light. In de winter van 2013-2014 is met financiering door Kas als Energiebron bij Wageningen UR Glastuinbouw teeltonderzoek gedaan naar mogelijkheden energie te besparen in de teelt van gerbera, cv Kimsey. Onderzocht is de bijdrage van LED belichting, LED tussenbelichting, een lagere intensiteit van de belichtingsinstallatie, en lichtintegratie. Beoogd werd een besparing op elektra van 45% totaal. Door toepassing van LED-belichting is 20% besparing op elektra mogelijk, met een klein productieverlies van 2.3% en een extra warmtebehoefte van 9%. Door te kiezen voor 80 in plaats van 100 μmol kunnen gerberatelers nog eens 20% op energie besparen; dit kostte 3.9% productie zonder op kwaliteit in te leveren. De gestelde PAR som voor lichtintegratie was te hoog waardoor er geen bijdrage aan de besparing kon worden geleverd. Het gebruik van 20 μmol LED tussenbelichting in combinatie met 60 μmol topbeliching (LED of SON-T) resulteerde in aanzienlijk minder productie (ruim 9% minder bloemen, korter, lichter, van kleinere diameter en een lager % droge stof) dan 80 μmol topbelichting.

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    Research@WUR
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: de Zwart, H.F.; de Gelder, A.; Hofland-Zijlstra, J.; Noordam, M.;

    In order to realise a horticultural sector that operates without the combustion of fossil fuel, the first step is to reduce the demand for heating by improving the insultation of greenhouses. This holds especially for crops that are grown at high temperatures, like sweet pepper. The Venlow Energy greenhouse with its double glass cladding and energy screen is a good example of such a highly insulated greenhouse. This report presents the results of a one year cultivation and serves as a bench mark for the state of the art in energy conserving production of Sweet Pepper in the Netherlands. It shows the greenhouse climate conditions required, and the possibilities to meet these requirements with a low energy consumption and options to realise this from sustainable sources. The application of sustainable energy sources was not tested in practice, but since the exact resources (heat and CO2) required from hour to hour were measured, it is easy to do the math on the amounts and capacities needed. The application of pure CO2 or CO2 from another sustainable source is essential when aiming at a fossil energy free horticulture. Without external CO2 the production will drop substantially, especially because an energy conserving greenhouse has typically a strongly reduced air exchange. But, for the same reason, the amount of CO2 needed to increase the CO2 concentration is quite limited, 25 kg/m² per year in this experiment. With a production of 32.5 kg class I of red Sweet Pepper per m², the experiment has shown that halving the energy consumption compared to the general practice did’nt reduced the production. Voor de realisatie van een energieneutrale glastuinbouw helpt het enorm wanneer kassen beter geïsoleerd zouden zijn. Dit geldt des te meer voor gewassen die warm geteeld worden, zoals de Paprika. De Venlow Energy kas met een dubbel glas kasdek en energiescherm is een voorbeeld van zo’n hoog-isolerende kas. Dit verslag geeft het resultaat van een jaarrond teelt en vormt een ijkpunt voor de huidige stand van de techniek in de energiezuinige teelt van Paprika. Het toont de klimaatvereisten voor de teelt, en de mogelijkheden om dit klimaat energiezuinig en klimaatneutraal in te vullen. Dit laatste punt, klimaatneutrale invulling is niet in praktische zin getoetst, maar omdat van uur tot uur precies bekend is hoeveel energie- en CO2 zijn ingezet is gemakkelijk te berekenen hoe deze resources op klimaatneutrale wijze ingevuld zouden kunnen worden. Het gebruik van zuivere CO2 of CO2 uit een andere externe bron is overigens essentieel voor een energieneutrale glastuinbouw. Zonder toevoer van CO2 daalt de productie zeer sterk, vooral omdat er in energiezuinige kassen weinig gelucht wordt. Omgekeerd betekent de beperkte luchtuitwisseling met buiten ook dat er geen grote hoeveelheden CO2 nodig zijn. Er is 25 kg CO2 per m² gebruikt. Met de productie van 32.5 kg klasse I aan rode Paprika per m² heeft het experiment laten zien dat de halvering van de warmtevraag ten opzichte van de praktijk niet ten koste is gegaan van productie en kwaliteit.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: de Zwart, H.F.; Garcia Victoria, N.; Kromwijk, J.A.M.; Kempkes, F.L.K.;

    In this study an analysis is presented on the perspectives of highly insulated greenhouses for extensively heatedgreenhouse crops. Three crops were used as an example, ranging from Antirrhinum, with a yearly heatingdemand of 4 m³ of natural gas equivalents per m² to strawberry, with 13 m³ of gas consumption per m² peryear.If Antirrhinum would be grown in a double glazed, highly insulated greenhouse with an energy recuperatingdehumidification system, the remaining heat demand will be almost zero. Growing strawberries in such agreenhouse reduces the gas consumption for heating down to 7 m³/(m² year). When generating this heatwith a heat pump, only 21 kWh/(m² year) will be needed for heating. In all greenhouse sectors, a tendencytowards an intensified production by using artificial illumination can be seen. Illumination has a much higherimpact on energy consumption than heating, so insulation of greenhouses for extensively heated crops is of lessimportance than improving the transmissivity or developing better lighting systems.Besides energy for heating and lighting, greenhouses use a substantial amount of energy for soil disinfection.Here savings can be achieved by using biological disinfection, substrate systems or ozonized water.This project was funded by the research program ‘Kas als Energiebron’, the joined action and innovation programof the ministry of Economic affairs and LTO Glaskracht Nederland. De warmtevraag bij drie voorbeelden van extensieve teelten varieert tussen 4 m³/(m² jaar) gas bij Leeuwebek en 13 m³/(m² jaar) bij een extensieve Aardbeienteelt. Door kassen veel beter te isoleren en energiezuinigte ontvochtigen daalt bij Leeuwebek en sla daalt de warmtevraag naar bijna 0 m³/(m² jaar) en bij Aardbeien naar 7 m³/(m² jaar). Bij gebruik van een warmtepomp betekent dit 21 kWh/m², die groen zou kunnen wordeningekocht. Wanneer in deze extensieve teelten belichting wordt toegepast blijkt dat dit al gauw veel meer stroom verbruikt dan de verwarming. Beperken of verbeteren van de belichting heeft dan ook een grotere impact op de verduurzaming van de tuinbouw dan het verhogen van de isolatiegraad, temeer daar bij hogere lichtintensiteiten ook hogere teelttemperaturen horen. Indien kassen een hogere lichttransmissie hebben en deze lichtwinst wordt benut omminder te belichten kunnen ook substantiële energiebesparingen worden behaald. Geheel los van verwarming en belichting staat het energieverbruik voor de grondontsmetting. Biologische Grond Ontsmetting, het gebruik van gronddoekgoten en het gebruik van geozoniseerd water zijn hier energiezuinigealternatieven. Deze studie is gefinancierd vanuit het programma Kas als Energiebron, het innovatie- en actieprogramma van het ministerie van Economische Zaken en LTO Glaskracht Nederland.

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      Research@WUR
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    Authors: Derikx, Piet; Oenema, Oene; Poppe, Krijn; Vellinga, Theun; +4 Authors
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    Research@WUR
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    Authors: Nienhuis, Ciska; Melse, Roland; Heesmans, Hanneke; Verdoes, Nico; +3 Authors

    Het ministerie van LNV wil duidelijk hebben of mestvergisting bij kan dragen aan de klimaatdoelstellingen waar de landbouw aan moet voldoen. De vraag is of mestvergisting kan bijdragen aan de reductie van broeikasgas- en ammoniakemissie, wat het (lange termijn) effect is op de organische stofopbouw en of het toevoegen van extra organisch materiaal aan de mest in de mestvergister hierop van invloed is. In deze studie is gekeken naar verschillende scenario’s: rundveedrijfmest, varkensdrijfmest, beide mest typen 100% vergist en beide mest typen met covergist met organisch materiaal. Uit de literatuur komt naar voren dat er nog weinig (veld)onderzoek gedaan is naar het verschil in effect dat mestvergisting heeft op de emissies en opbouw van organische stof in de bodem. Toedieningstechniek, (weers)omstandigheden, viscositeit van de mest en bodemcondities bepalen of mestvergisten wel of niet bijdraagt aan emissiereductie. Het wel of niet meteen afvoeren van de mest naar de vergister blijkt volgens het gebruikte vergistingsmodel het meest te bepalen of vergisting bijdraagt aan de reductie van broeikasgas- en ammoniakemissie. Monovergisting met rundveedrijfmest blijk volgens het organische stof model substantieel meer bij de dragen aan de organische stof opbouw in de bodem dan de overige meststypen.

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    Research@WUR
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    Authors: van Haaster-de Winter, M.A.; Dijkshoorn-Dekker, M.W.C.; Polman, N.B.P.; Mattijssen, T.J.M.; +1 Authors

    Om te achterhalen wat de huidige rol is van natuurinclusief bouwen in de vastgoedsector en hoe de sector ondersteund kan worden om meer natuurinclusief te bouwen is in 2019 een enquête uitgezet onder bedrijven in de Nederlandse vastgoedsector. Op basis van de uitkomsten concluderen we dat er een positieve houding is ten aanzien van natuurinclusief bouwen; de aantrekkingskracht ervan zowel in maatschappelijk als bedrijfsbelang ligt en er in het peloton aanknopingspunten zijn voor gedragsverandering naar natuurinclusief bouwen. To find out what the current role of nature-inclusive building is in the real estate sector and how the sector can be supported to build more nature-inclusive, a survey is conducted among companies in the Dutch real estate sector in 2019. Based on the results, we conclude that there is a positiveattitude towards nature-inclusive construction; its appeal lies in both social and business interests andthere are leverage points for behavioural change towards nature-inclusive construction in the following pack.

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    Research@WUR
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      Research@WUR
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    Authors: van der Voort, M.P.J.; Timmerman, M.;

    Het doel van de PPS Energie & Landbouw is om invulling te geven aan de rol van de landbouw in de energietransitie. Dit door het maximaliseren van de bijdrage van de landbouw op een wijze dat hernieuwbare energieproductie en consumptie een integraal rendabel onderdeel van het agrarische bedrijf wordt. Voor een aantal representatieve bedrijfssystemen met veel grondgebruik (akkerbouw en melkveehouderij) wordt het energieverbruik in kaart gebracht. De modelgegevens bieden partijen inzicht in het energieverbruik in regionale energienetwerken. Door regionale spreiding van bedrijfstypen geeft dit project onderdeel input voor andere onderdelen van deze PPS Energie & Landbouw.

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    Research@WUR
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    Authors: Baltussen, W.H.M.; Dolman, M.A.; Hoste, R.; Janssens, S.R.M.; +2 Authors

    In opdracht van het ministerie van Economische Zaken en Topsector Agri & Food heeft LEIWageningen UR de state-of-the-art in kaart gebracht op het gebied van de duurzaamheidsprestatiesvoor vier belangrijke grondstoffen van de aardappel-, suiker-, varkensvlees- en zuivelketen. De viergrondstoffen zijn: land, water, energie en fosfaat. De focus in dit rapport ligt op de kansen enuitdagingen die er zijn op het gebied van efficiënter grondstofgebruik.

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    Research@WUR
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    Authors: Uyterlinde, Martine; Londo, Marc; Sinke, Wim; van Roosmalen, John; +5 Authors

    De transitie naar een duurzame energievoorziening heeft op veel terreinen ingrijpende gevolgen voor onze samenleving. Het gaat onder meer om een verandering van leefomgeving en landschap. Voor een succesvolle energietransitie is het nodig om nu al rekening te houden met de ruimtelijke vormgeving van nieuwe energielandschappen en de manier waarop die tot stand komen. Dit betekent dat alle betrokkenen samen energielandschappen ontwerpen waarin mens en technologie elkaar op een nieuwe manier ontmoeten. Een andere manier van denken: niet het ruimtelijk inpassen, maar het creëren van landschappen die door mensen worden gewaardeerd en economisch haalbaar zijn. Landschappen die zorgen dat de overgang naar een duurzame, koolstofarme toekomst breed gedragen wordt en snel kan plaatsvinden. ECN en WUR hebben hun kennis over energietechnologie en landschapsarchitectuur gebundeld in dit paper. Zo willen ze een bijdrage leveren aan de discussie over wat wenselijk en noodzakelijk is om de energietransitie ruimtelijk in goede banen te leiden.

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    Authors: van der Wal, T.; Vullings, L.A.E.; Zaneveld-Reijnders, J.; Bink, R.J.;
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