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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ebru SAYGILI; Seher GÖREN YARGI; Deniz ERGİNER;

    The concept of sustainability is continuously used in the environment, tourism, architecture, businesses and economy. In this study, the sustainability reports of public companies listed in BIST Sustainability Index are analysed under economic, environment and social categories identified by in the Global Reporting Initiative Reporting Guide. The aim of the study is to determine the disclosure practices of listed companies about sustainability issues. The sustainability reports of companies listed in BIST Sustainability Index are analysed with content analysis using Nvivo software programme and the result of the analysis are evaluated. The results of the study indicated that the most highlighted issues are as follows; in economic sustainability economic performance, in environmental sustainability products and services, in social sustainability employee and, health and safety issues. Further, the results of the regression analysis indicate that as the firm age and number of employees increase firms issue more comprehensive sustainability reports.

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    Yönetim ve Ekonomi
    Article . 2020
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Yönetim ve Ekonomiarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Yönetim ve Ekonomi
      Article . 2020
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    Induziert durch Digitalisierung und Servitisierung bieten Unternehmen in zunehmendem Maße Systeme aus vernetzten mechatronischen Produkten, Software und Dienstleistungen an: sogenannte Smart Product Service Systems (Smart PSS). Zur Erfüllung der Sustainability Development Goals der Vereinten Nationen, insbesondere des Ziels 9 „nachhaltiger Konsum und Produktion“, müssen diese Systeme gemäß dem Leitbild einer Circular Economy (CE) gestaltet werden. Smart-circular PSS verfolgen nachhaltige Geschäftsmodelle und verstärken Strategien der CE durch datengetriebene Funktionen. Die Entwicklung dieser Systeme stellt Unternehmen vor große Herausforderungen. Ungeklärt ist bislang, wie Teams bei der Entwicklung von Smart-circular PSS sachgerecht methodisch unterstützt werden können. Diese Arbeit begegnet diesen Beobachtungen mit der Forschungshypothese, dass sich Systemarchitekturen von Smart-circular PSS durch geeignete Methoden des Modellbasierten Systems Engineerings (MBSE) so entwerfen lassen, dass die Systeme effektiv und effizient zu einer CE beitragen. Zu ihrer Verifizierung wurde als übergeordneter Forschungsansatz die Design Research Methodology (DRM) angewendet. Zunächst erfolgte die Forschungsklärung mithilfe von Expert*innenworkshops sowie durch eine MBSE-Reifegradanalyse in einem industriellen Unternehmen. Die hier identifizierten Handlungsfelder wurden mittels Systematischen Literaturanalysen (SLRs) abgesichert und ausgewählt. Aufbauend auf den gewonnenen Erkenntnissen wurde die Methodik zur Definition von Smart-circular PSS-Systemarchitekturen (MESSIAH) entwickelt, die Entwicklungsteams bei der Konzeptionierung von Smart-circular PSS unterstützt. Die Methode beinhaltet eine Modellierungsgenerik, eine gerichtete Methode sowie einen Baukasten zum schnellen Prototypisieren von Services. MESSIAH wurde mithilfe einer Comprehensive Descrip-tive Study anhand von fünf Studien evaluiert. Die Forschungshypothese konnte im Rahmen der Evaluierung verifiziert werden. Somit zeigt diese Arbeit erstmals Wege auf, wie Strategien der CE mithilfe des MBSE bei der Entwicklung von Smart-circular PSS Systemarchitekturen berücksichtigt werden können. MESSIAH ermöglicht die Modellierung einer interdisziplinären Systemarchitektur, die mechatronische Produkte, Software und Dienstleistungen integriert. Zur Modellierung von CE-relevanten Services wurden zwei neue prozessorientierte Modelltypen erfolgreich mit bestehenden Modellierungstechniken des MBSE kombiniert. Durch die Evaluierungsstudien konnte ein zufriedenstellender Stand der Akzeptanz und wahrgenommenen Nützlichkeit der Methodik nachgewiesen werden. Allerdings wurden Verbesserungspotentiale hinsichtlich ihrer Benutzbarkeit festgestellt. In weiterer For-schung wird es vonnöten sein, die Qualität und die Quantität der Anwendungsvalidierungen zu erhöhen. Zu diesem Zweck wird die Durchführung von Langzeitstudien sowie Anwendungen an industriellen Systemen in einem weiteren Einsatzspektrum und in weiteren Branchen empfohlen. In response to calls for digitization and servitization, businesses increasingly offer complex systems consisting of connected mechatronic products, software elements and services: so-called Smart Product-Service-Systems (Smart PSS). In order to meet the United Nations Sustainability Development Goals and in particular Goal 9 "Sustainable Consumption and Production", these systems must be compatible with the tenets of a Circular Economy (CE). The development of these systems presents businesses with major challenges. It remains unclear how engineering teams can be supported methodologically in developing Smart-circular PSS. This dissertation meets these challenges with the research hypothesis that suitable methods of Model-based Systems Engineering (MBSE) can aid in the development of Smart-circular PSS architectures, which effectively and efficiently contribute to a CE. The investigation applies Design Research Methodology (DRM) as an overarching research approach for hypothesis verification. Initially, expert workshops and an MBSE maturity analysis in an industrial enterprise served to clarify the research objective. Systematic Literature Reviews (SLRs) validated and detailed the fields of action identified. Based on the findings, the Methodology for Smart-circular PSS Architecture Definition (MESSIAH) was developed, which supports development teams in the design of Smart-circular PSS. The method includes a modeling framework, a method and a construction kit for prototyping services. MESSIAH was evaluated by means of a Comprehensive Descriptive Study based on five evaluation studies. The evaluation verified the research hypothesis. Consequently, this research explores how the development of Smart PSS with the help of MBSE can be useful to CE-strategies. MESSIAH enabled the management of system complexity by using an interdisciplinary system architecture that integrates the development of mechatronic products, software and services. In order to de-velop CE-relevant services, two new types of models were successfully integrated into existing modelling techniques of MBSE. User studies indicated a satisfactory level of user acceptance and perceived usefulness of the methodology, but also served to identify potential for improve-ment with regard to its ease of use. In further research it will be necessary to increase the quality and quantity of application validations in further application scenarios and other industry branches. For this purpose, the dissertation recommends long-term studies and applications on further industrial systems.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.14279/de...
    Doctoral thesis . 2022
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.24406/pu...
    Doctoral thesis . 2022
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      Doctoral thesis . 2022
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    Authors: Niemann, Karl-Heinz (Prof. Dr.-Ing.); Lierse, Tjark (Prof. Dr.-Ing.);

    Das Forschungscluster Industrie 4.0 stellt in acht Beiträgen aktuelle Ergebnisse aus seinen vielfältigen Forschungsprojekten vor. Es werden virtuelle Techniken in der Produktentwicklung, Lehrkonzepte für Industrie 4.0, Energy Harvesting bei Antennen, Energiemanagement in Produktionsanlagen, firmenübergreifende IT-Security Anforderungen, dezentral gesteuerte Produktionsprozesse und Spracherkennung mit Mikrocontrollern behandelt. The research cluster Industry 4.0 presents eight papers with recent results from its multifaceted research projects. The papers span virtual techniques in product development, an educational concept for Industry 4.0, energy harvesting in antennas, energy management in production facilities, cross-company IT security requirements, decentral production control and speech recognition with microcontrollers. Angewandte Forschung für die Welt von morgen, 2

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.25968/op...
    Book . 2020
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      Book . 2020
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    Klimawandel, Wachstumswende, demographische Veränderungen, die weltweite Wirtschafts- und Finanzkrise sowie die Erfordernisse der Nachhaltigkeit machen neuartige Lösungsansätze für bisher unbekannte Problemkonstellationen erforderlich. In diesem Band beschäftigen sich AutorInnen aus Dänemark, Norwegen, Polen, Deutschland, der Schweiz, Österreich und Italien mit Ansätzen der Demokratisierung, sozialen Innovation und Partizipation, insbesondere von benachteiligten Gruppen. Der internationale Blick wird über den europäischen Raum hinaus um Analysen und Handlungsansätze in zwei geopolitisch brisanten Regionen erweitert, dem islamischen Raum sowie Kasachstan und Georgien. (DIPF/Orig.) Climate change, a turnaround in growth, demographic changes, the global economic and financial crisis as well as the requirements of sustainability make new solutions to previously unknown problem constellations necessary. In this volume, authors from Denmark, Norway, Poland, Germany, Switzerland, Austria and Italy deal with approaches to democratization, social innovation and participation, especially of disadvantaged groups. The international view is broadened beyond the European area to include analyses and approaches to action in two geopolitically explosive regions, the Islamic region as well as Kazakhstan and Georgia. (DIPF/Orig.) Bozen : Bozen-Bolzano University Press 2014, IX, 328 S. - (Brixener Studien zu Sozialpolitik und Sozialwissenschaft; 2)

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.25656/01...
    Book . 2014
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    Authors: Rehmann, Felix; Cudok, Falk; Rupp, Valentin; Von Grafenstein, Max; +3 Authors

    Der vorliegende Bericht des Moduls Digitalisierung der Begleitforschung Energiewendebauen bestehend aus Forschenden von der Technischen Universität Berlin, der Universität der Künste, dem Einstein Center Digital Future und dem Institut für ökologische Wirtschaftsforschung quantifiziert Forschungsthesen zur Digitalisierung der Wärmewende in Deutschland. Hierfür wurden 270 Expert*innen befragt. Der Bericht beinhaltet die Bewertung von Thesen zu Modellierung, Datensuffizienz, digitalen Geschäftsmodellen, Datenschutz und Regulatorik, Umweltwirkungen digitaler Anwendungen, sowie allgemeine Einschätzungen und zukünftigen Forschungsthemen. Die Thesen fokussieren dabei die Digitalisierung im Kontext des klimagerechten Planen, Bauens und Betreiben von Gebäuden, Quartieren und Wärmenetzen. Diese Thesen sind aus Interviews und Workshops erarbeitet und dienen der Quantifizierung einzelner Aussagen. Die Antworten zeigen, dass den Expert*innen zufolge die passenden Technologien für die Energiewende bereits vorhanden sind, aber es an Regulierung, Zugänglichkeit von Lösungen, Automatisierung und Integration mangelt. Als mögliche Lösungen dienen Standards, Methoden zur Wiederverwendung von Daten und Software, gemeinsame Methoden zum Umgang mit Daten, insbesondere deren Aggregation, sowie Leitfäden und Richtlinien zur Schaffung von Transparenz und Benennung von Mehrwerten. Die Expert*innen gehen davon aus, dass vielen Menschen die Vorteile der Digitalisierung in der Energietechnik nicht klar sind. Die Befragten betonten die Bedeutung der Einbindung der Nutzenden in die Entwicklung und fordern transparente Leitlinien über die Notwendigkeiten, sowie Vor- und Nachteile der Digitalisierung. So wird beispielsweise die ökologische Bewertung digitaler Anwendungen als wichtig erachtet, jedoch fehlt es an Wissen und Informationen für eine umfassende Bewertung. Die Befragten wünschen sich Mechanismen zur Bewertung von Vor- und Nachteilen sowie die Entwicklung von geeigneten Benchmarks und Vergleichen. Die (fehlende) Regulierung wird als hinderlich für die Umsetzung neuer Geschäftsmodelle und der Wärmewende betrachtet. Es wurde betont, dass eine bessere Erklärung von Regulierung und Datenschutz erforderlich ist, zum Beispiel durch Zertifizierungsprogramme. Im Bereich Methoden und Modelle wird die Verfügbarkeit von Daten als entscheidend angesehen. Einfache Modelle und unterstützte Prozesse werden als Möglichkeiten zur Bewältigung des Fachkräftemangels genannt. Die effiziente Nutzung von Datensätzen, die Verfügbarkeit von unkritischen Daten von öffentlichem Interesse sowie offene Standardwerkzeuge werden ebenfalls als wichtige Aspekte betrachtet. Die Integration verschiedener Bausteine, wie technische Gebäudeausrüstung, Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie und Gebäude, wird als Herausforderung angesehen. Lösungsansätze sehen die Befragten in Form von digitalen Schatten und modularer Aufteilung von Modellen und Datensätzen. The present report by the Digitalization Module of the accompanying research Energiewendebauen consists of researchers from the Technische Universität Berlin, the Berlin University of the Arts, the Einstein Center Digital Future, and the Institute for Ecological Economic Research. It quantifies research theses on the digitalization of the energy transition in Germany. For this purpose, 270 experts were surveyed. The report includes the rating of theses on modeling, data sufficiency, digital business models, data protection and regulations, environmental impacts of digital applications, as well as general assessments and future research themes. The questions focus on the digitalization in the context of climate-friendly planning, construction, and operation of buildings, neighborhoods, and heat networks. The theses are developed from interviews and workshops and serve to quantify individual statements. The responses indicate that, according to the experts, the proper technologies already exist, but there is a lack of regulation, accessibility of solutions, automation, and integration. Possible solutions mentioned include standards, methods for data reuse and aggregation, as well as guidelines and directives to create transparency and identify added value. The experts assume that many people are not aware of the benefits of digitalization in energy technology. The respondents emphasize the importance of involving users in the development and call for transparent guidelines on the necessities, advantages, and disadvantages of digitalization. For example, the ecological assessment of digital applications is considered important, but there is a lack of knowledge and information for a comprehensive evaluation. The respondents wish for mechanisms to assess advantages and disadvantages, as well as the development of fair benchmarks and comparisons. Regulation is considered hindering the implementation of new business models and the energy transition. The experts emphasize that better explanation of regulation and data protection is necessary, for example, through certification programs. In the field of methods and models, data availability is considered as crucial. Simple models and supported processes are mentioned as ways to address the shortage of skilled workers. Efficient use of datasets, availability of non-sensitive data of public interest, as well as open standard tools are also considered important aspects. The integration of various components, such as technical building equipment, information and communication technology, and buildings, is seen as a challenge. Respondents see solutions in the form of digital shadows and modular division of models and datasets.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.14279/de...
    Report . 2023
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      Report . 2023
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    Authors: Stock, Tim Erwin;

    Im heutigen Zeitalter des Anthropozäns stehen die Industrie-, Schwellen- und Entwicklungsländer vor vielfältigen Nachhaltigkeitsherausforderungen, die durch globale Trends im Handlungsfeld umweltbezogener, gesellschaftlicher und wirtschaftlicher Dimension menschlichen Wirkens hervorgerufen werden. Dazu zählen die steigende sozio-ökonomische Ungleichheit, der Klimawandel, die zunehmende Umweltbelastung, Urbanisierung sowie der Anstieg der Cyberabhängigkeit. Diese Trends führen in den einzelnen Ländern zu unterschiedlichen, regional ausgeprägten Risiken, wie z. B. soziale Instabilität, Unterbeschäftigung, unfreiwillige Migration, Wasserkrisen, Naturkatastrophen, Ressourcenverknappung oder Cyberattacken. Zur langfristigen Bewältigung der globalen Nachhaltigkeitsherausforderungen haben die Mitgliedsländer der Vereinten Nationen die Agenda 2030 verabschiedet. Diese umfasst 17 unteilbare und sich selbst bedingende Ziele für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung, die als Vorgabe für eine Transformation der Volkswirtschaften von einer meist rein ökonomisch geprägten hin zu einer auf Nachhaltigkeit ausgerichteten Entwicklung dienen. Zur Umsetzung der Agenda 2030 sollen insbesondere globale, nationale, regionale und lokale Anspruchsgruppen maßgeblich beitragen, indem sie zielgerichtete Handlungen zur nachhaltigen Entwicklung planen, ausführen und steuern. Start-Ups können bottom-up dazu beitragen, nachhaltige Ideen durch die Entwicklung technischer Innovationen am Markt zu etablieren. Durch die marktwirtschaftliche Dynamik von Kooperation und Wettbewerb in globalen Wertschöpfungs- und Wissensnetzwerken können technische Innovationen somit langfristig die Transformation in Richtung einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung fördern. Start-Ups müssen daher befähigt werden, eigenständig nachhaltige Innovationen systematisch zu entwickeln. Es wird dazu eine Vorgehensweise erforscht, die die integrierte Entwicklung eines technischen Produktes und zugehörigen Geschäftsmodelles als relevante Teilsysteme einer Innovation ermöglicht. Die Vorgehensweise deckt die frühere und spätere Phase der Innovationsentwicklung ab. Sie ermöglicht die einfache Suche nachhaltiger Lösungen zur Entwicklung der Innovation. Dazu werden die Werte sowie Ziele und Prinzipien einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung in die Vorgehensweise eingebunden. Die Vorgehensweise orientiert sich dabei an den besonderen Bedürfnissen von Start-Ups zur Erschließung neuer Märkte sowie zur Realisierung von Wettbewerbsvorteilen auf bestehenden Märkten. Die Implementierung und Erprobung der Vorgehensweise erfolgt exemplarisch für unterschiedliche industrielle und universitäre Start-Ups. In today's age of the Anthropocene, newly and early industrialized countries are facing a variety of sustainability challenges caused by global trends in the environmental, social, and economic dimensions of human activities, such as a growing socio-economic inequality, climate change, increasing environmental degradation, urbanization, and an increasing cyber-dependency. These global trends are leading to different regional risks, e.g. social instability, underemployment, involuntary migration, water crises, natural catastrophes, resource depletion, or cyberattacks. For coping with the challenges in the long run, the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted the Agenda 2030, which applies equally to all countries in the world. The Agenda 2030 includes 17 indivisible and self-sustaining goals. These so-called Sustainable Development Goals are intended to serve as the foundation for a transformation of the global economies towards a sustainable development. The implementation of the Agenda 2030 requires a significant contribution from global, national, regional, and local stakeholders by planning, running, and controlling activities related to a sustainable development. Bottom-up, startups can essentially contribute by expanding sustainable inventions to competitive, technological innovations. By means of the market dynamics of cooperation and competition in global value creation and knowledge networks, these sustainable innovations can foster a global sustainable development. Thus, startups must be enabled to systematically develop sustainable innovations independently. For this purpose, a procedure is being researched which enables the integrated development of a technical product and related business model as relevant subsystems of an innovation. The procedure covers the early and late phase of the innovation development. It allows the search for sustainable solutions during the development of the innovation in a simple manner. To this end, values, goals, and principles of a sustainable development are integrated. The procedure is oriented towards the special needs of startups for opening up new markets and realizing competitive advantages in existing markets. The implementation and testing of the procedure is exemplary carried out for different industrial and university startups.

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    Authors: Lambauer, Jochen;

    Die Bedeutung einer nachhaltigen Energieversorgung steigt aufgrund des globalen Klimawandels und vor dem Hintergrund endlicher Ressourcen stetig an. In diesem Zusammenhang gewinnen neue Innovationen und Technologien an Bedeutung, da grundlegende Forschungserfolge notwendig sind, um die mit einer nachhaltigen Energieversorgung verbundenen Herausforderungen anzugehen. Die Einführung von Basisinnovationen führt zu Änderungen in der Energienachfrage als auch in der Energieversorgung. Als Basisinnovationen der Vergangenheit werden z. B. die Dampfmaschine, das Auto oder das Flugzeug genannt. Aktuell bezeichnet man z. B. die Nano- und Biotechnologie als Basisinnovationen (bzw. Querschnittstechnologien). Als Basisinnovationen haben die Nano- und Biotechnologie das Potenzial für mögliche Verbesserungen entlang der gesamten energetischen Wertschöpfungskette. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, die derzeitigen und zukünftigen Auswirkungen von Basisinnovationen auf die Energiewirtschaft und die Energienachfrage in Deutschland am Beispiel der Nano- und Biotechnologie zu analysieren und zu bewerten. Um dies zu erreichen, werden derzeitige und zukünftige Produkte, Produktionsprozesse und Dienstleistungen der beiden Basisinnovationen hinsichtlich der direkten und indirekten Auswirkungen analysiert und bewertet. In diesem Rahmen werden ihre Auswirkungen auf eine Änderung der Energienachfrage und die nachgefragten Energieträger untersucht. Dabei werden Änderungen der Energienachfrage sowie mögliche Reduktionspotenziale und Effizienzsteigerungen sowohl durch diese Technologien (direkt), als auch durch den Einsatz von neuen, durch diese Technologien erzeugten Produkte, Anwendungen und Dienstleistungen betrachtet. Die Analyse beinhaltet eine detaillierte Untersuchung des Energiesektors hinsichtlich Neuerungen durch die Nano- und Biotechnologie, um zukünftige Entwicklungen und Änderungen abschätzen zu können. Als Ergebnis werden die Auswirkungen ausgewählter nano- und biotechnologischer Anwendungen auf den Energieverbrauch, die nachgefragten Energieträger, die Energieversorgung, die Energiewirtschaft und die CO2-Emissionen in Deutschland bis 2030 dargestellt. Darüber hinaus gehen die Themenpunkte Energie- und Ressourcenverbrauch sowie Gefährdungspotenziale und Akzeptanz neuer Innovationen neben den ermittelten Potenzialen in die zusammenfassende Bewertung ein. Als Ergebnis der Szenarienbetrachtungen kann festgestellt werden, dass die untersuchten Anwendungen der Nano- und Biotechnologie in 2030 zwischen 319 und 626 PJ an Energie einsparen können. Im Vergleich zum Energieverbrauch in 2010 entspricht dies einer Energieeinsparung von 3,5 bis 6,9 % im Jahr 2030. Darüber hinaus könnten in 2030 zwischen 68 und 168 PJ zusätzlich erzeugt werden. Die CO2-Emissionen würden sich in 2030 im Vergleich zu 2010 um ca. 13 % reduzieren. Es zeigt sich jedoch, dass eine Vielzahl der Anwendungen die Produktion bzw. Umstellung auf einen industriellen Maßstab noch unter Beweis stellen müssen und dass auch marktreife Anwendungen eine lange Zeit benötigen, bis sie zu signifikanten Auswirkungen auf die Energiewirtschaft führen. Die Nano- und Biotechnologie können zukünftig einen bedeutenden Beitrag zur Rationellen Energienutzung und zur Verbesserung der Energie- und Ressourceneffizienz in Deutschland leisten. Given the depletion of finite resources and impact of climate change on the environment resulting from the use of fossil fuels to generate energy, innovation in energy production is essential to tackle the challenges in the energy sector and to safeguard sustainable energy supply. Optimising the current energy supply and energy demand patterns, or developing new conventional and renewable energy technologies to meet the ever increasing global energy demand require ground-breaking advances in research. Novel breakthroughs in the cutting edge fields of nano- and biotechnology, also known as cross-sectional technologies nowadays, show potential to be applied across the whole value chain of the energy sector. The introduction of cross-sectional technologies leads to changes in energy demand and energy supply. Cross-sectional technologies in the past are however referred to for example the steam engine, the car or the airplane. Nano- and biotechnology are actually named as crosssectional technologies. The aim of this work is to analyse and evaluate actual and future impacts of crosssectional technologies on the energy sector and the energy demand in Germany using the example of nano- and biotechnology. In doing so actual and future processes, products and services which are based on these two cross-sectional technologies are analysed in regard to their direct and indirect impacts on the energy system. The work gives a comprehensive description of the impacts of selected nano- and biotechnological applications on energy consumption, energy sources, energy supply and the energy industry in Germany. It also documents the potential of these applications for energy savings, improvement in energy efficiency and the reduction of emissions until 2030. Furthermore the energy demand of manufacturing and production of nano- and biotechnological applications is taken into account. The total life cycle aspects of new innovations and general resource efficiency are as well considered in the analysis and they are essential for judging eco-friendliness of nano- and biotechnological applications. The study demonstrates that the analyzed nano- and biotechnological applications have the potential to reduce energy consumption in Germany till 2030 by about 319 to 626 PJ. Based on the energy demand in 2010 this corresponds to a reduction of 3.5 to 6.9% in 2030. Furthermore additional 68 to 168 PJ of electricity could be generated. Next to enhancements in energy efficiency and energy savings, reduction of CO2 emissions is another key challenge in the future. Compared to CO2 emissions in Germany in 2010 a reduction of around 13% in 2030 seems conceivable. The feasibility of numerous applications in industrial-scale production has to be further examined and this analysis shows that it takes a long time before close to market applications result in significant impacts on the energy sector. Nano- and biotechnology can offer undeniably great opportunities for an eco-efficient economy and a sustainable energy system, and coupled with the development of innovative products, processes and applications they are going to make an essential contribution to improvements of energy and resource efficiency in Germany.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
    Doctoral thesis . 2013
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    Authors: Stucki, Tobias; Wörter, Martin; id_orcid0000-0003-4467-9134;

    KOF Analysen, 2022 (1) ISSN:1662-3517

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    Authors: Baten, Jörg;

    Based on the new Freiburg Database on History of Energy in Germany 1915-1945 (FDEG), which was created at Prof. Dr. Hugo Ott's chair in Freiburg, the study discusses the correlation between economic development and public consumption of electrical current in Baden and Württemberg. These countries in the South-West of Germany developped in a different way, mostly as a consequence of the fact, that Baden became a frontier area after World War I. Since the correlation between power demand and industrial growth proves to be very close, it is possible to use the values of the FDEG as an indicator for the economical development of regions and periods not described by other values - with some restrictions (private power plants, branch structure). Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt das DFG-Projekt 'Historische Energiestatistik', das regional differenzierte und vergleichsweise 'harte' Daten zur Entwicklung des Energieverbrauchs Baden und Württembergs in der Zeit von 1914 bis 1933 präsentiert und interpretiert. Die Länder im Südwesten Deutschlands entwickelten eine eigene Energiepolitik, die durch ihre Frontnähe im 1. Weltkrieg bedingt war. Die Studie geht der Frage nach, welche Wertereihen für Rückschlüsse auf die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung am geeignetsten sind. Insgesamt wird gezeigt, daß sich das Ausmaß von wirtschaftlichem Wachstum im Stromverbrauch abbildet. Historical Social Research Vol. 16, No. 3 (1991)

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.12759/hs...
    Article . 1991
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.12759/hs...
      Article . 1991
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    Authors: Nicodemus, Daniela; Jäger, Reinhold S.; Bodensohn, Rainer;

    Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der Fortbildung von Mathematiklehrkräften im Projekt der Deutschen Telekom Stiftung „Mathematik Anders Machen“ und untersucht Effekte, welche sich in Zusammenhang mit Erwartungen und Bewertungen der Teilnehmenden und Referenten bezüglich der jeweiligen Veranstaltung, der Lernziele der Veranstaltungen sowie des Transfers des Gelernten in die Praxis ergeben. Die Befunde zeigen, dass die 561 teilnehmenden Lehrkräfte vor allem das Einbringen von praktischen Beispielen, die Weitergabe von Arbeitsmaterial sowie die professionelle Vorbereitung von den Referenten erwarten. Die wichtigsten Aspekte einer Fortbildungsveranstaltung sind für die Teilnehmenden die Klarheit der Ziele, die Strukturierung und Gliederung des Stoffes sowie die Auswahl von Texten und Material. Der Transfer des Gelernten in die Unterrichtspraxis kann erklärt werden durch die Vorbereitung des Transfers der Inhalte der Fortbildung in die Unterrichtspraxis bereits innerhalb der Fortbildungsveranstaltung sowie durch das Ausmaß der Vorbereitung der Teilnehmenden auf die Fortbildung. Das Erreichen der Lernziele wird erklärt durch die Vorbereitung des Transfers der Inhalte der Fortbildung in die Unterrichtspraxis bereits in der Fortbildungsveranstaltung, die inhaltliche Schwerpunktsetzung der Veranstaltung, das fachliche Vorwissen der Teilnehmenden, die Vorinformation der Referenten über die Teilnehmenden, die didaktischen Fähigkeiten der Teilnehmenden, die fachdidaktische und pädagogische Qualifikation der Referenten sowie die Mitarbeit der Teilnehmenden in der Veranstaltung. (DIPF/Orig.) The study focuses on mathematics teachers’ professional development activities in a project of the Telekom Stiftung “Mathematik Anders Machen” examining effects regarding expectations to and assessments of the professional development, educational objectives and transfer of learning content by lecturers and participants. Results show that participants expect practical examples, teaching aids and professional preparation of lecturers. Clearness of objectives, structuring of contents, and choice of materials are the most important aspects for participants. Transfer of learning content is caused by preparation of transfer during the presentation and preparation of participants. Achievement of learning goals is caused by preparation of transfer during the presentation, main focus in respect of contents, previous knowledge of participants, advance information of lecturers with regard to participants, didactical competence of participants, didactical and pedagogical competence of lecturers, and engagement of participants. (DIPF/Orig.)

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ebru SAYGILI; Seher GÖREN YARGI; Deniz ERGİNER;

    The concept of sustainability is continuously used in the environment, tourism, architecture, businesses and economy. In this study, the sustainability reports of public companies listed in BIST Sustainability Index are analysed under economic, environment and social categories identified by in the Global Reporting Initiative Reporting Guide. The aim of the study is to determine the disclosure practices of listed companies about sustainability issues. The sustainability reports of companies listed in BIST Sustainability Index are analysed with content analysis using Nvivo software programme and the result of the analysis are evaluated. The results of the study indicated that the most highlighted issues are as follows; in economic sustainability economic performance, in environmental sustainability products and services, in social sustainability employee and, health and safety issues. Further, the results of the regression analysis indicate that as the firm age and number of employees increase firms issue more comprehensive sustainability reports.

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    Yönetim ve Ekonomi
    Article . 2020
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      Yönetim ve Ekonomi
      Article . 2020
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    Induziert durch Digitalisierung und Servitisierung bieten Unternehmen in zunehmendem Maße Systeme aus vernetzten mechatronischen Produkten, Software und Dienstleistungen an: sogenannte Smart Product Service Systems (Smart PSS). Zur Erfüllung der Sustainability Development Goals der Vereinten Nationen, insbesondere des Ziels 9 „nachhaltiger Konsum und Produktion“, müssen diese Systeme gemäß dem Leitbild einer Circular Economy (CE) gestaltet werden. Smart-circular PSS verfolgen nachhaltige Geschäftsmodelle und verstärken Strategien der CE durch datengetriebene Funktionen. Die Entwicklung dieser Systeme stellt Unternehmen vor große Herausforderungen. Ungeklärt ist bislang, wie Teams bei der Entwicklung von Smart-circular PSS sachgerecht methodisch unterstützt werden können. Diese Arbeit begegnet diesen Beobachtungen mit der Forschungshypothese, dass sich Systemarchitekturen von Smart-circular PSS durch geeignete Methoden des Modellbasierten Systems Engineerings (MBSE) so entwerfen lassen, dass die Systeme effektiv und effizient zu einer CE beitragen. Zu ihrer Verifizierung wurde als übergeordneter Forschungsansatz die Design Research Methodology (DRM) angewendet. Zunächst erfolgte die Forschungsklärung mithilfe von Expert*innenworkshops sowie durch eine MBSE-Reifegradanalyse in einem industriellen Unternehmen. Die hier identifizierten Handlungsfelder wurden mittels Systematischen Literaturanalysen (SLRs) abgesichert und ausgewählt. Aufbauend auf den gewonnenen Erkenntnissen wurde die Methodik zur Definition von Smart-circular PSS-Systemarchitekturen (MESSIAH) entwickelt, die Entwicklungsteams bei der Konzeptionierung von Smart-circular PSS unterstützt. Die Methode beinhaltet eine Modellierungsgenerik, eine gerichtete Methode sowie einen Baukasten zum schnellen Prototypisieren von Services. MESSIAH wurde mithilfe einer Comprehensive Descrip-tive Study anhand von fünf Studien evaluiert. Die Forschungshypothese konnte im Rahmen der Evaluierung verifiziert werden. Somit zeigt diese Arbeit erstmals Wege auf, wie Strategien der CE mithilfe des MBSE bei der Entwicklung von Smart-circular PSS Systemarchitekturen berücksichtigt werden können. MESSIAH ermöglicht die Modellierung einer interdisziplinären Systemarchitektur, die mechatronische Produkte, Software und Dienstleistungen integriert. Zur Modellierung von CE-relevanten Services wurden zwei neue prozessorientierte Modelltypen erfolgreich mit bestehenden Modellierungstechniken des MBSE kombiniert. Durch die Evaluierungsstudien konnte ein zufriedenstellender Stand der Akzeptanz und wahrgenommenen Nützlichkeit der Methodik nachgewiesen werden. Allerdings wurden Verbesserungspotentiale hinsichtlich ihrer Benutzbarkeit festgestellt. In weiterer For-schung wird es vonnöten sein, die Qualität und die Quantität der Anwendungsvalidierungen zu erhöhen. Zu diesem Zweck wird die Durchführung von Langzeitstudien sowie Anwendungen an industriellen Systemen in einem weiteren Einsatzspektrum und in weiteren Branchen empfohlen. In response to calls for digitization and servitization, businesses increasingly offer complex systems consisting of connected mechatronic products, software elements and services: so-called Smart Product-Service-Systems (Smart PSS). In order to meet the United Nations Sustainability Development Goals and in particular Goal 9 "Sustainable Consumption and Production", these systems must be compatible with the tenets of a Circular Economy (CE). The development of these systems presents businesses with major challenges. It remains unclear how engineering teams can be supported methodologically in developing Smart-circular PSS. This dissertation meets these challenges with the research hypothesis that suitable methods of Model-based Systems Engineering (MBSE) can aid in the development of Smart-circular PSS architectures, which effectively and efficiently contribute to a CE. The investigation applies Design Research Methodology (DRM) as an overarching research approach for hypothesis verification. Initially, expert workshops and an MBSE maturity analysis in an industrial enterprise served to clarify the research objective. Systematic Literature Reviews (SLRs) validated and detailed the fields of action identified. Based on the findings, the Methodology for Smart-circular PSS Architecture Definition (MESSIAH) was developed, which supports development teams in the design of Smart-circular PSS. The method includes a modeling framework, a method and a construction kit for prototyping services. MESSIAH was evaluated by means of a Comprehensive Descriptive Study based on five evaluation studies. The evaluation verified the research hypothesis. Consequently, this research explores how the development of Smart PSS with the help of MBSE can be useful to CE-strategies. MESSIAH enabled the management of system complexity by using an interdisciplinary system architecture that integrates the development of mechatronic products, software and services. In order to de-velop CE-relevant services, two new types of models were successfully integrated into existing modelling techniques of MBSE. User studies indicated a satisfactory level of user acceptance and perceived usefulness of the methodology, but also served to identify potential for improve-ment with regard to its ease of use. In further research it will be necessary to increase the quality and quantity of application validations in further application scenarios and other industry branches. For this purpose, the dissertation recommends long-term studies and applications on further industrial systems.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.14279/de...
    Doctoral thesis . 2022
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.24406/pu...
    Doctoral thesis . 2022
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      Doctoral thesis . 2022
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Niemann, Karl-Heinz (Prof. Dr.-Ing.); Lierse, Tjark (Prof. Dr.-Ing.);

    Das Forschungscluster Industrie 4.0 stellt in acht Beiträgen aktuelle Ergebnisse aus seinen vielfältigen Forschungsprojekten vor. Es werden virtuelle Techniken in der Produktentwicklung, Lehrkonzepte für Industrie 4.0, Energy Harvesting bei Antennen, Energiemanagement in Produktionsanlagen, firmenübergreifende IT-Security Anforderungen, dezentral gesteuerte Produktionsprozesse und Spracherkennung mit Mikrocontrollern behandelt. The research cluster Industry 4.0 presents eight papers with recent results from its multifaceted research projects. The papers span virtual techniques in product development, an educational concept for Industry 4.0, energy harvesting in antennas, energy management in production facilities, cross-company IT security requirements, decentral production control and speech recognition with microcontrollers. Angewandte Forschung für die Welt von morgen, 2

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.25968/op...
    Book . 2020
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      Book . 2020
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    Klimawandel, Wachstumswende, demographische Veränderungen, die weltweite Wirtschafts- und Finanzkrise sowie die Erfordernisse der Nachhaltigkeit machen neuartige Lösungsansätze für bisher unbekannte Problemkonstellationen erforderlich. In diesem Band beschäftigen sich AutorInnen aus Dänemark, Norwegen, Polen, Deutschland, der Schweiz, Österreich und Italien mit Ansätzen der Demokratisierung, sozialen Innovation und Partizipation, insbesondere von benachteiligten Gruppen. Der internationale Blick wird über den europäischen Raum hinaus um Analysen und Handlungsansätze in zwei geopolitisch brisanten Regionen erweitert, dem islamischen Raum sowie Kasachstan und Georgien. (DIPF/Orig.) Climate change, a turnaround in growth, demographic changes, the global economic and financial crisis as well as the requirements of sustainability make new solutions to previously unknown problem constellations necessary. In this volume, authors from Denmark, Norway, Poland, Germany, Switzerland, Austria and Italy deal with approaches to democratization, social innovation and participation, especially of disadvantaged groups. The international view is broadened beyond the European area to include analyses and approaches to action in two geopolitically explosive regions, the Islamic region as well as Kazakhstan and Georgia. (DIPF/Orig.) Bozen : Bozen-Bolzano University Press 2014, IX, 328 S. - (Brixener Studien zu Sozialpolitik und Sozialwissenschaft; 2)

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.25656/01...
    Book . 2014
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    Authors: Rehmann, Felix; Cudok, Falk; Rupp, Valentin; Von Grafenstein, Max; +3 Authors

    Der vorliegende Bericht des Moduls Digitalisierung der Begleitforschung Energiewendebauen bestehend aus Forschenden von der Technischen Universität Berlin, der Universität der Künste, dem Einstein Center Digital Future und dem Institut für ökologische Wirtschaftsforschung quantifiziert Forschungsthesen zur Digitalisierung der Wärmewende in Deutschland. Hierfür wurden 270 Expert*innen befragt. Der Bericht beinhaltet die Bewertung von Thesen zu Modellierung, Datensuffizienz, digitalen Geschäftsmodellen, Datenschutz und Regulatorik, Umweltwirkungen digitaler Anwendungen, sowie allgemeine Einschätzungen und zukünftigen Forschungsthemen. Die Thesen fokussieren dabei die Digitalisierung im Kontext des klimagerechten Planen, Bauens und Betreiben von Gebäuden, Quartieren und Wärmenetzen. Diese Thesen sind aus Interviews und Workshops erarbeitet und dienen der Quantifizierung einzelner Aussagen. Die Antworten zeigen, dass den Expert*innen zufolge die passenden Technologien für die Energiewende bereits vorhanden sind, aber es an Regulierung, Zugänglichkeit von Lösungen, Automatisierung und Integration mangelt. Als mögliche Lösungen dienen Standards, Methoden zur Wiederverwendung von Daten und Software, gemeinsame Methoden zum Umgang mit Daten, insbesondere deren Aggregation, sowie Leitfäden und Richtlinien zur Schaffung von Transparenz und Benennung von Mehrwerten. Die Expert*innen gehen davon aus, dass vielen Menschen die Vorteile der Digitalisierung in der Energietechnik nicht klar sind. Die Befragten betonten die Bedeutung der Einbindung der Nutzenden in die Entwicklung und fordern transparente Leitlinien über die Notwendigkeiten, sowie Vor- und Nachteile der Digitalisierung. So wird beispielsweise die ökologische Bewertung digitaler Anwendungen als wichtig erachtet, jedoch fehlt es an Wissen und Informationen für eine umfassende Bewertung. Die Befragten wünschen sich Mechanismen zur Bewertung von Vor- und Nachteilen sowie die Entwicklung von geeigneten Benchmarks und Vergleichen. Die (fehlende) Regulierung wird als hinderlich für die Umsetzung neuer Geschäftsmodelle und der Wärmewende betrachtet. Es wurde betont, dass eine bessere Erklärung von Regulierung und Datenschutz erforderlich ist, zum Beispiel durch Zertifizierungsprogramme. Im Bereich Methoden und Modelle wird die Verfügbarkeit von Daten als entscheidend angesehen. Einfache Modelle und unterstützte Prozesse werden als Möglichkeiten zur Bewältigung des Fachkräftemangels genannt. Die effiziente Nutzung von Datensätzen, die Verfügbarkeit von unkritischen Daten von öffentlichem Interesse sowie offene Standardwerkzeuge werden ebenfalls als wichtige Aspekte betrachtet. Die Integration verschiedener Bausteine, wie technische Gebäudeausrüstung, Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie und Gebäude, wird als Herausforderung angesehen. Lösungsansätze sehen die Befragten in Form von digitalen Schatten und modularer Aufteilung von Modellen und Datensätzen. The present report by the Digitalization Module of the accompanying research Energiewendebauen consists of researchers from the Technische Universität Berlin, the Berlin University of the Arts, the Einstein Center Digital Future, and the Institute for Ecological Economic Research. It quantifies research theses on the digitalization of the energy transition in Germany. For this purpose, 270 experts were surveyed. The report includes the rating of theses on modeling, data sufficiency, digital business models, data protection and regulations, environmental impacts of digital applications, as well as general assessments and future research themes. The questions focus on the digitalization in the context of climate-friendly planning, construction, and operation of buildings, neighborhoods, and heat networks. The theses are developed from interviews and workshops and serve to quantify individual statements. The responses indicate that, according to the experts, the proper technologies already exist, but there is a lack of regulation, accessibility of solutions, automation, and integration. Possible solutions mentioned include standards, methods for data reuse and aggregation, as well as guidelines and directives to create transparency and identify added value. The experts assume that many people are not aware of the benefits of digitalization in energy technology. The respondents emphasize the importance of involving users in the development and call for transparent guidelines on the necessities, advantages, and disadvantages of digitalization. For example, the ecological assessment of digital applications is considered important, but there is a lack of knowledge and information for a comprehensive evaluation. The respondents wish for mechanisms to assess advantages and disadvantages, as well as the development of fair benchmarks and comparisons. Regulation is considered hindering the implementation of new business models and the energy transition. The experts emphasize that better explanation of regulation and data protection is necessary, for example, through certification programs. In the field of methods and models, data availability is considered as crucial. Simple models and supported processes are mentioned as ways to address the shortage of skilled workers. Efficient use of datasets, availability of non-sensitive data of public interest, as well as open standard tools are also considered important aspects. The integration of various components, such as technical building equipment, information and communication technology, and buildings, is seen as a challenge. Respondents see solutions in the form of digital shadows and modular division of models and datasets.

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    Authors: Stock, Tim Erwin;

    Im heutigen Zeitalter des Anthropozäns stehen die Industrie-, Schwellen- und Entwicklungsländer vor vielfältigen Nachhaltigkeitsherausforderungen, die durch globale Trends im Handlungsfeld umweltbezogener, gesellschaftlicher und wirtschaftlicher Dimension menschlichen Wirkens hervorgerufen werden. Dazu zählen die steigende sozio-ökonomische Ungleichheit, der Klimawandel, die zunehmende Umweltbelastung, Urbanisierung sowie der Anstieg der Cyberabhängigkeit. Diese Trends führen in den einzelnen Ländern zu unterschiedlichen, regional ausgeprägten Risiken, wie z. B. soziale Instabilität, Unterbeschäftigung, unfreiwillige Migration, Wasserkrisen, Naturkatastrophen, Ressourcenverknappung oder Cyberattacken. Zur langfristigen Bewältigung der globalen Nachhaltigkeitsherausforderungen haben die Mitgliedsländer der Vereinten Nationen die Agenda 2030 verabschiedet. Diese umfasst 17 unteilbare und sich selbst bedingende Ziele für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung, die als Vorgabe für eine Transformation der Volkswirtschaften von einer meist rein ökonomisch geprägten hin zu einer auf Nachhaltigkeit ausgerichteten Entwicklung dienen. Zur Umsetzung der Agenda 2030 sollen insbesondere globale, nationale, regionale und lokale Anspruchsgruppen maßgeblich beitragen, indem sie zielgerichtete Handlungen zur nachhaltigen Entwicklung planen, ausführen und steuern. Start-Ups können bottom-up dazu beitragen, nachhaltige Ideen durch die Entwicklung technischer Innovationen am Markt zu etablieren. Durch die marktwirtschaftliche Dynamik von Kooperation und Wettbewerb in globalen Wertschöpfungs- und Wissensnetzwerken können technische Innovationen somit langfristig die Transformation in Richtung einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung fördern. Start-Ups müssen daher befähigt werden, eigenständig nachhaltige Innovationen systematisch zu entwickeln. Es wird dazu eine Vorgehensweise erforscht, die die integrierte Entwicklung eines technischen Produktes und zugehörigen Geschäftsmodelles als relevante Teilsysteme einer Innovation ermöglicht. Die Vorgehensweise deckt die frühere und spätere Phase der Innovationsentwicklung ab. Sie ermöglicht die einfache Suche nachhaltiger Lösungen zur Entwicklung der Innovation. Dazu werden die Werte sowie Ziele und Prinzipien einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung in die Vorgehensweise eingebunden. Die Vorgehensweise orientiert sich dabei an den besonderen Bedürfnissen von Start-Ups zur Erschließung neuer Märkte sowie zur Realisierung von Wettbewerbsvorteilen auf bestehenden Märkten. Die Implementierung und Erprobung der Vorgehensweise erfolgt exemplarisch für unterschiedliche industrielle und universitäre Start-Ups. In today's age of the Anthropocene, newly and early industrialized countries are facing a variety of sustainability challenges caused by global trends in the environmental, social, and economic dimensions of human activities, such as a growing socio-economic inequality, climate change, increasing environmental degradation, urbanization, and an increasing cyber-dependency. These global trends are leading to different regional risks, e.g. social instability, underemployment, involuntary migration, water crises, natural catastrophes, resource depletion, or cyberattacks. For coping with the challenges in the long run, the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted the Agenda 2030, which applies equally to all countries in the world. The Agenda 2030 includes 17 indivisible and self-sustaining goals. These so-called Sustainable Development Goals are intended to serve as the foundation for a transformation of the global economies towards a sustainable development. The implementation of the Agenda 2030 requires a significant contribution from global, national, regional, and local stakeholders by planning, running, and controlling activities related to a sustainable development. Bottom-up, startups can essentially contribute by expanding sustainable inventions to competitive, technological innovations. By means of the market dynamics of cooperation and competition in global value creation and knowledge networks, these sustainable innovations can foster a global sustainable development. Thus, startups must be enabled to systematically develop sustainable innovations independently. For this purpose, a procedure is being researched which enables the integrated development of a technical product and related business model as relevant subsystems of an innovation. The procedure covers the early and late phase of the innovation development. It allows the search for sustainable solutions during the development of the innovation in a simple manner. To this end, values, goals, and principles of a sustainable development are integrated. The procedure is oriented towards the special needs of startups for opening up new markets and realizing competitive advantages in existing markets. The implementation and testing of the procedure is exemplary carried out for different industrial and university startups.

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    Authors: Lambauer, Jochen;

    Die Bedeutung einer nachhaltigen Energieversorgung steigt aufgrund des globalen Klimawandels und vor dem Hintergrund endlicher Ressourcen stetig an. In diesem Zusammenhang gewinnen neue Innovationen und Technologien an Bedeutung, da grundlegende Forschungserfolge notwendig sind, um die mit einer nachhaltigen Energieversorgung verbundenen Herausforderungen anzugehen. Die Einführung von Basisinnovationen führt zu Änderungen in der Energienachfrage als auch in der Energieversorgung. Als Basisinnovationen der Vergangenheit werden z. B. die Dampfmaschine, das Auto oder das Flugzeug genannt. Aktuell bezeichnet man z. B. die Nano- und Biotechnologie als Basisinnovationen (bzw. Querschnittstechnologien). Als Basisinnovationen haben die Nano- und Biotechnologie das Potenzial für mögliche Verbesserungen entlang der gesamten energetischen Wertschöpfungskette. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, die derzeitigen und zukünftigen Auswirkungen von Basisinnovationen auf die Energiewirtschaft und die Energienachfrage in Deutschland am Beispiel der Nano- und Biotechnologie zu analysieren und zu bewerten. Um dies zu erreichen, werden derzeitige und zukünftige Produkte, Produktionsprozesse und Dienstleistungen der beiden Basisinnovationen hinsichtlich der direkten und indirekten Auswirkungen analysiert und bewertet. In diesem Rahmen werden ihre Auswirkungen auf eine Änderung der Energienachfrage und die nachgefragten Energieträger untersucht. Dabei werden Änderungen der Energienachfrage sowie mögliche Reduktionspotenziale und Effizienzsteigerungen sowohl durch diese Technologien (direkt), als auch durch den Einsatz von neuen, durch diese Technologien erzeugten Produkte, Anwendungen und Dienstleistungen betrachtet. Die Analyse beinhaltet eine detaillierte Untersuchung des Energiesektors hinsichtlich Neuerungen durch die Nano- und Biotechnologie, um zukünftige Entwicklungen und Änderungen abschätzen zu können. Als Ergebnis werden die Auswirkungen ausgewählter nano- und biotechnologischer Anwendungen auf den Energieverbrauch, die nachgefragten Energieträger, die Energieversorgung, die Energiewirtschaft und die CO2-Emissionen in Deutschland bis 2030 dargestellt. Darüber hinaus gehen die Themenpunkte Energie- und Ressourcenverbrauch sowie Gefährdungspotenziale und Akzeptanz neuer Innovationen neben den ermittelten Potenzialen in die zusammenfassende Bewertung ein. Als Ergebnis der Szenarienbetrachtungen kann festgestellt werden, dass die untersuchten Anwendungen der Nano- und Biotechnologie in 2030 zwischen 319 und 626 PJ an Energie einsparen können. Im Vergleich zum Energieverbrauch in 2010 entspricht dies einer Energieeinsparung von 3,5 bis 6,9 % im Jahr 2030. Darüber hinaus könnten in 2030 zwischen 68 und 168 PJ zusätzlich erzeugt werden. Die CO2-Emissionen würden sich in 2030 im Vergleich zu 2010 um ca. 13 % reduzieren. Es zeigt sich jedoch, dass eine Vielzahl der Anwendungen die Produktion bzw. Umstellung auf einen industriellen Maßstab noch unter Beweis stellen müssen und dass auch marktreife Anwendungen eine lange Zeit benötigen, bis sie zu signifikanten Auswirkungen auf die Energiewirtschaft führen. Die Nano- und Biotechnologie können zukünftig einen bedeutenden Beitrag zur Rationellen Energienutzung und zur Verbesserung der Energie- und Ressourceneffizienz in Deutschland leisten. Given the depletion of finite resources and impact of climate change on the environment resulting from the use of fossil fuels to generate energy, innovation in energy production is essential to tackle the challenges in the energy sector and to safeguard sustainable energy supply. Optimising the current energy supply and energy demand patterns, or developing new conventional and renewable energy technologies to meet the ever increasing global energy demand require ground-breaking advances in research. Novel breakthroughs in the cutting edge fields of nano- and biotechnology, also known as cross-sectional technologies nowadays, show potential to be applied across the whole value chain of the energy sector. The introduction of cross-sectional technologies leads to changes in energy demand and energy supply. Cross-sectional technologies in the past are however referred to for example the steam engine, the car or the airplane. Nano- and biotechnology are actually named as crosssectional technologies. The aim of this work is to analyse and evaluate actual and future impacts of crosssectional technologies on the energy sector and the energy demand in Germany using the example of nano- and biotechnology. In doing so actual and future processes, products and services which are based on these two cross-sectional technologies are analysed in regard to their direct and indirect impacts on the energy system. The work gives a comprehensive description of the impacts of selected nano- and biotechnological applications on energy consumption, energy sources, energy supply and the energy industry in Germany. It also documents the potential of these applications for energy savings, improvement in energy efficiency and the reduction of emissions until 2030. Furthermore the energy demand of manufacturing and production of nano- and biotechnological applications is taken into account. The total life cycle aspects of new innovations and general resource efficiency are as well considered in the analysis and they are essential for judging eco-friendliness of nano- and biotechnological applications. The study demonstrates that the analyzed nano- and biotechnological applications have the potential to reduce energy consumption in Germany till 2030 by about 319 to 626 PJ. Based on the energy demand in 2010 this corresponds to a reduction of 3.5 to 6.9% in 2030. Furthermore additional 68 to 168 PJ of electricity could be generated. Next to enhancements in energy efficiency and energy savings, reduction of CO2 emissions is another key challenge in the future. Compared to CO2 emissions in Germany in 2010 a reduction of around 13% in 2030 seems conceivable. The feasibility of numerous applications in industrial-scale production has to be further examined and this analysis shows that it takes a long time before close to market applications result in significant impacts on the energy sector. Nano- and biotechnology can offer undeniably great opportunities for an eco-efficient economy and a sustainable energy system, and coupled with the development of innovative products, processes and applications they are going to make an essential contribution to improvements of energy and resource efficiency in Germany.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
    Doctoral thesis . 2013
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    Authors: Stucki, Tobias; Wörter, Martin; id_orcid0000-0003-4467-9134;

    KOF Analysen, 2022 (1) ISSN:1662-3517

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    Authors: Baten, Jörg;

    Based on the new Freiburg Database on History of Energy in Germany 1915-1945 (FDEG), which was created at Prof. Dr. Hugo Ott's chair in Freiburg, the study discusses the correlation between economic development and public consumption of electrical current in Baden and Württemberg. These countries in the South-West of Germany developped in a different way, mostly as a consequence of the fact, that Baden became a frontier area after World War I. Since the correlation between power demand and industrial growth proves to be very close, it is possible to use the values of the FDEG as an indicator for the economical development of regions and periods not described by other values - with some restrictions (private power plants, branch structure). Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt das DFG-Projekt 'Historische Energiestatistik', das regional differenzierte und vergleichsweise 'harte' Daten zur Entwicklung des Energieverbrauchs Baden und Württembergs in der Zeit von 1914 bis 1933 präsentiert und interpretiert. Die Länder im Südwesten Deutschlands entwickelten eine eigene Energiepolitik, die durch ihre Frontnähe im 1. Weltkrieg bedingt war. Die Studie geht der Frage nach, welche Wertereihen für Rückschlüsse auf die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung am geeignetsten sind. Insgesamt wird gezeigt, daß sich das Ausmaß von wirtschaftlichem Wachstum im Stromverbrauch abbildet. Historical Social Research Vol. 16, No. 3 (1991)

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.12759/hs...
    Article . 1991
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    Authors: Nicodemus, Daniela; Jäger, Reinhold S.; Bodensohn, Rainer;

    Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der Fortbildung von Mathematiklehrkräften im Projekt der Deutschen Telekom Stiftung „Mathematik Anders Machen“ und untersucht Effekte, welche sich in Zusammenhang mit Erwartungen und Bewertungen der Teilnehmenden und Referenten bezüglich der jeweiligen Veranstaltung, der Lernziele der Veranstaltungen sowie des Transfers des Gelernten in die Praxis ergeben. Die Befunde zeigen, dass die 561 teilnehmenden Lehrkräfte vor allem das Einbringen von praktischen Beispielen, die Weitergabe von Arbeitsmaterial sowie die professionelle Vorbereitung von den Referenten erwarten. Die wichtigsten Aspekte einer Fortbildungsveranstaltung sind für die Teilnehmenden die Klarheit der Ziele, die Strukturierung und Gliederung des Stoffes sowie die Auswahl von Texten und Material. Der Transfer des Gelernten in die Unterrichtspraxis kann erklärt werden durch die Vorbereitung des Transfers der Inhalte der Fortbildung in die Unterrichtspraxis bereits innerhalb der Fortbildungsveranstaltung sowie durch das Ausmaß der Vorbereitung der Teilnehmenden auf die Fortbildung. Das Erreichen der Lernziele wird erklärt durch die Vorbereitung des Transfers der Inhalte der Fortbildung in die Unterrichtspraxis bereits in der Fortbildungsveranstaltung, die inhaltliche Schwerpunktsetzung der Veranstaltung, das fachliche Vorwissen der Teilnehmenden, die Vorinformation der Referenten über die Teilnehmenden, die didaktischen Fähigkeiten der Teilnehmenden, die fachdidaktische und pädagogische Qualifikation der Referenten sowie die Mitarbeit der Teilnehmenden in der Veranstaltung. (DIPF/Orig.) The study focuses on mathematics teachers’ professional development activities in a project of the Telekom Stiftung “Mathematik Anders Machen” examining effects regarding expectations to and assessments of the professional development, educational objectives and transfer of learning content by lecturers and participants. Results show that participants expect practical examples, teaching aids and professional preparation of lecturers. Clearness of objectives, structuring of contents, and choice of materials are the most important aspects for participants. Transfer of learning content is caused by preparation of transfer during the presentation and preparation of participants. Achievement of learning goals is caused by preparation of transfer during the presentation, main focus in respect of contents, previous knowledge of participants, advance information of lecturers with regard to participants, didactical competence of participants, didactical and pedagogical competence of lecturers, and engagement of participants. (DIPF/Orig.)

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