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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    The data are the results of laboratory tests on CaO catalysts made from scallop shells, testing the physicochemical, thermal and performance properties of biodiesel samples synthesized from waste cooking oil.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ZENODOarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: ZENODO
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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: ZENODO
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ZENODOarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2023
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: ZENODO
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2023
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: ZENODO
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2023
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2023
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
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  • Authors: Cholish;
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  • Authors: Chairunnisak;

    ABSTRAKPemanfaatan biobriket batubara sebagai bahan bakar padat belum terlalu luas dibandingkan dengan gas alam dan minyak bumi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis ultimate dan proximate, batubara memiliki nilai kalor 5349 Kkal/kg dan Ubi karet (biomassa) memiliki nilai kalor 3319 Kkal/kg. Bahan ubi karet memiliki nilai kalor rendah dan tidak termasuk ke dalam bahan makanan karena mengandung unsur kimia asam sianida yang bersifat racun. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memanfaatkan biomassa menjadi biobriket yang memiliki nilai tambah , dan menjadi energi padat yang ramah lingkungan. Ada dua faktor untuk menentukan kualitas biobriket yaitu pengaruh variasi rasio pencampuran, pengaruh tekanan pengepresan dan ukuran partikel. Pembuatan biobriket meliputi penghancuran, pengeringan, pengecilan ukuran, pengayakan, pencampuran, pencetakan dan pengujian. Biobriket yang dihasilkan berbentuk silinder memiliki diameter 3 cm dengan tekanan pengepresan 7 metrik ton. Analisis biobriket meliputi uji kuat tekan, uji densitas dan relaksasi, uji kadar air, kadar abu, uji zat terbang, uji karbon tetap dan uji nilai kalor. Hasil yang diharapkan dalam penelitian ini ialah memberikan nilai jual yang tinggi pada batubara tingkat rendah dan menjadi salah satu alternatif produk bahan bakar padat dan ramah lingkungan yang dapat digunakan oleh masyarakat untuk keperluan memasak. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, biobriket terbaik memiliki ukuran partikel 60 mesh. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa ukuran partikel terbaik berada pada pencampuran batubara dan ubi karet dengan rasio 9 : 1, jumlah nilai kalor tertinggi mencapai 5146 Kkal/kg.Kata kunci: batubara, biobriket, biomassa, uji mekanik, uji sifat fisik

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  • Authors: Zulkifli R;

    Pengaturan susunan pipa atau biasa disebut sebagai tube banks sangat berpengaruh terhadap koefisien perpindahan panas yang terjadi pada furnace. Maka pada penelitian ini, karakteristik perpindahan panas akan dianalisis dengan membandingkan antara tube bank inline dan tube bank stagger dan digunakan pendekatan secara numerik dua dimensi dengan bantuan software ansys fluent. Penyelesaian secara numerik dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode elemen hingga atau finite elemen method, dan disimulasikan dengan menggunakan model K-Omega SST. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan visualisasi berupa kontur kecepatan dan distribusi temperatur dan grafik perbandingan temperatur dan kecepatan antara tube bank inline dan tube bank stagger untuk mempermudah pengamatan karakteristik perpindahan panas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan temperatur output rata-rata tube bank inline memiliki nilai sebesar 1235,670C dan tube bank stagger sebesar 1170,70C. Nilai kecepatan rata-rata tube bank inline sebesar 72,87 m/s dan tube bank stagger sebesar 59,15 m/s.maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa tube bank stagger mengalami perpindahan panas yang lebih maksimal bila dibandingkan dengan tube bank inline.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Adiarso; Hilmawan, Edi; Sugiyono, Agus;

    Pandemi COVID-19 telah melanda Indonesia sejak kasus pertama terdeteksi dan diumumkan resmi oleh pemerintah pada awal bulan Maret 2020. Setelah itu, jumlah kasus yang terkonfirmasi positif bertambah banyak dan meluas ke seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Beberapa kebijakan penanggulangan COVID-19 mulai diberlakukan, diantaranya dengan menerapkan pembatasan sosial berskala besar (PSBB). Pemberlakuan PSBB ini berdampak pada hampir seluruh sektor kehidupan sosial ekonomi. Sektor energi termasuk yang terdampak cukup signifikan dengan adanya pandemi COVID-19 ini. Dampak pandemi COVID-19 tersebut perlu diinventarisasi baik dari sisi kebutuhan maupun penyediaan energi. Hasil inventarisasi tersebut dituangkan dalam bentuk buku Outlook Energi Indonesia (OEI).

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ZENODOarrow_drop_down
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    ZENODO
    Book . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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    Book . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: ZENODO
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    ZENODO
    Book . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ZENODOarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ZENODO
      Book . 2023
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ZENODO
      Book . 2023
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: ZENODO
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ZENODO
      Book . 2023
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Danawati Hari Prajitno; Victor Purnomo; Muhammad Iqbal;

    Sumber energi alternatif terbarukan sangat diperlukan pada masa kini, sebab penggunaan sumber energi fosil tidak dapat menjadi andalan untuk masa depan. Hal ini karena sumber energi fosil semakin menipis dan penggunaannya menghasilkan emisi CO2 yang tidak ramah lingkungan. Salah satu sumber energi alternatif yang menjanjikan adalah biofuel. Biofuel merupakan sumber energi terbarukan dan ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh katalis berpromotor ganda Ni/Zn-HZSM-5 dan suhu terhadap proses perengkahan minyak bintaro untuk memproduksi biofuel. Variabel yang digunakan adalah perbandingan massa Ni terhadap Zn, perbandingan massa logam terhadap katalis total serta suhu. Parameter kualitas biofuel dapat dilihat dari nilai selektivitas. Selektivitas maksimum gasoline sebesar 52,42% tercapai pada suhu 350°C dan selektivitas maksimum kerosene sebesar 86,72% tercapai pada suhu 400°C pada pengguunaan katalis dengan perbandingan Ni:Zn sebesar 1:1 dengan logam 2% massa total katalis. Diperlukan penelitian yang lebih lanjut untuk memproduksi biofuel yang lebih berkualitas pada suhu yang lebih tinggi dan massa katalis yang lebih besar.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Jurnal Teknik ITSarrow_drop_down
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    Jurnal Teknik ITS
    Article . 2014
    Data sources: DOAJ
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Jurnal Teknik ITSarrow_drop_down
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      Jurnal Teknik ITS
      Article . 2014
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: I Wayan Suarna; Ni Nyoman Candraasih Kusumawati; Magna Anuraga Putra Duarsa;

    The side-effect of sand mining was disappearing of biomass which caused of land degradation. A study has been carried out to obtain the model legume association with superior grass plants that are adaptive to repair post-mining land on dry land. This research was desgined in association patern between grasses and legumes with manure application, using 8 combination of grasses herbaceous and tree legumse with 3 replications. This research was conducted at Sebudi village, Karangasem district. Panicum maximum var. Trichoglum, Paspalum atratum, Centrocema pubescens, and Clitoria ternatea were used for grasses and legumes respectively. Observed variables were quality and forage production. The results of this research showed that almost all association can be implemented at dryland, and association patern between Panicum and Paspalum with Clitoria gave extra biomass. This association also showed great potential to improve land quality. The quality and production of grasses were greatly influenced by the association of legumes. Panicum and Paspalum associated with both Clitoria or Centrocema gave highest yield. Various of manure showed a non significant difference on quality and production of grass associated with tree legumes, although it tend to increase both of growth and production of grasses.

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  • Authors: Putra Dimi Utama;

    mengolah Sumber Daya Alam (SDA) Energi terbarui berupa buah nyamplung yang terdapat di Provinsi Sumatera Barat dan pemanfaatan teknologi proses berbasis lingkungan. Produk dari prarancangan pabrik ini direncanakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dalam dan luar negeri. Proses produksi secara keseluruhan menggunakan proses kontinyu. Adapun metoda proses yang digunakan pada prarancangan pabrik ini adalah metoda pengepresan berulir (expeller pressing) dengan pemurnian minyak menggunakan acid degumming, serta esterifikasi-transesterifikasi untuk mendapatkan metil oleat sebagai produk biodiesel. Dari hasil perhitungan neraca massa dan energi, jumlah Buah Nyamplung Kering yang diperlukan untuk memproduksi Biodiesel adalah sebesar 91.577,5915 kg/jam. Kapasitas produksi pabrik ini adalah sebesar 500.000 ton/tahun dan direncanakan beroperasi secara kontinyu selama 330 hari dalam setahun. Pendirian pabrik direncanakan di Kecamatan Kasang, Kabupaten Padang Pariaman, Provinsi Sumatera Barat, dengan luas tanah 30.000 m2 dan membutuhkan tenaga kerja sebanyak 156 orang. Bentuk perusahaan yang direncanakan adalah Perseroan Terbatas (PT) dengan metode struktur organisasi garis dan staf. Sumber air untuk kebutuhan pabrik ini berasal dari sungai Batang Anai dan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan listrik diperoleh dari generator dengan daya 10.684,29 kW. Hasil analisa ekonomi yang diperoleh adalah sebagai berikut:a. Fixed Capital Investment = Rp. 524.396.218.788b. Working Capital Investment = Rp. 786.594.328.182,-c. Total Capital Investment = Rp. 1.310.990.546.970.-d. Total Biaya Produksi = Rp. 12.714.175.908.407.-e. Hasil Penjualan = Rp.13.190.964.688.440.-f. Laba Bersih = Rp. 357.591.584.954g. Pay Out Time (POT) = 3 tahun 7 bulan)h. Break even Point (BEP) = 40 % Berdasarkan studi kelayakan teknis dan ekonomis diatas, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Prarancangan Pabrik Biodiesel dari Biji Nyamplung dengan kapasitas produksi 500.000 ton/tahun ini layak secara teknis dan ekonomis untuk dilanjutkan ke tahap perancangan.

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    Authors: Wening Sri Wulandari; Dudung Darusman; Cecep Kusmana; Widiatmaka Widiatmaka;

    One of potential vegetable materials in Indonesia as a source of biodiesel is kemiri sunan (Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw). This study aims to analyze: financial feasibility of plantation; financial feasibility of biodiesel processing, and the development of business unit. The research results show that kemiri sunan plantation is feasible on the area of 60 ha, a business period of 50 years. Feasibility values without loan are: NPV IDR 1,101,007,645; IRR 13.52%; BCR 1.36; PBP 14.68 years, feasibility values with loan are: NPV IDR 160,351,357; IRR 13.52%; BCR 1.08; PBP 22.55 years, sensitive to the decrease of selling price of dry seeds and productivity of the trees. The biodiesel processing business is feasible at the business period of 15 years, the production capacity of 202.75 Kl/year. Feasibility values without loan are: NPVIDR 512,549,740; IRR 27.27%; BCR 1.04; PBP 4.32 years, feasibility values with loan are: NPV IDR 303,310,940; IRR 27.27%; BCR 1.03; PBP 4.94 years, sensitive to the rising costs of materials and a decrease in the selling price. If all available lands were cultivated, it will generate 2,365 business units and to produce biodiesel that meets 16.68% of the needs of West Java diesel oil.

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    Authors: Center for International Forestry Research;
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    The data are the results of laboratory tests on CaO catalysts made from scallop shells, testing the physicochemical, thermal and performance properties of biodiesel samples synthesized from waste cooking oil.

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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2023
    License: CC BY
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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2023
    License: CC BY
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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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      Dataset . 2023
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      Dataset . 2023
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  • Authors: Cholish;
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  • Authors: Chairunnisak;

    ABSTRAKPemanfaatan biobriket batubara sebagai bahan bakar padat belum terlalu luas dibandingkan dengan gas alam dan minyak bumi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis ultimate dan proximate, batubara memiliki nilai kalor 5349 Kkal/kg dan Ubi karet (biomassa) memiliki nilai kalor 3319 Kkal/kg. Bahan ubi karet memiliki nilai kalor rendah dan tidak termasuk ke dalam bahan makanan karena mengandung unsur kimia asam sianida yang bersifat racun. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memanfaatkan biomassa menjadi biobriket yang memiliki nilai tambah , dan menjadi energi padat yang ramah lingkungan. Ada dua faktor untuk menentukan kualitas biobriket yaitu pengaruh variasi rasio pencampuran, pengaruh tekanan pengepresan dan ukuran partikel. Pembuatan biobriket meliputi penghancuran, pengeringan, pengecilan ukuran, pengayakan, pencampuran, pencetakan dan pengujian. Biobriket yang dihasilkan berbentuk silinder memiliki diameter 3 cm dengan tekanan pengepresan 7 metrik ton. Analisis biobriket meliputi uji kuat tekan, uji densitas dan relaksasi, uji kadar air, kadar abu, uji zat terbang, uji karbon tetap dan uji nilai kalor. Hasil yang diharapkan dalam penelitian ini ialah memberikan nilai jual yang tinggi pada batubara tingkat rendah dan menjadi salah satu alternatif produk bahan bakar padat dan ramah lingkungan yang dapat digunakan oleh masyarakat untuk keperluan memasak. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, biobriket terbaik memiliki ukuran partikel 60 mesh. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa ukuran partikel terbaik berada pada pencampuran batubara dan ubi karet dengan rasio 9 : 1, jumlah nilai kalor tertinggi mencapai 5146 Kkal/kg.Kata kunci: batubara, biobriket, biomassa, uji mekanik, uji sifat fisik

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  • Authors: Zulkifli R;

    Pengaturan susunan pipa atau biasa disebut sebagai tube banks sangat berpengaruh terhadap koefisien perpindahan panas yang terjadi pada furnace. Maka pada penelitian ini, karakteristik perpindahan panas akan dianalisis dengan membandingkan antara tube bank inline dan tube bank stagger dan digunakan pendekatan secara numerik dua dimensi dengan bantuan software ansys fluent. Penyelesaian secara numerik dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode elemen hingga atau finite elemen method, dan disimulasikan dengan menggunakan model K-Omega SST. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan visualisasi berupa kontur kecepatan dan distribusi temperatur dan grafik perbandingan temperatur dan kecepatan antara tube bank inline dan tube bank stagger untuk mempermudah pengamatan karakteristik perpindahan panas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan temperatur output rata-rata tube bank inline memiliki nilai sebesar 1235,670C dan tube bank stagger sebesar 1170,70C. Nilai kecepatan rata-rata tube bank inline sebesar 72,87 m/s dan tube bank stagger sebesar 59,15 m/s.maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa tube bank stagger mengalami perpindahan panas yang lebih maksimal bila dibandingkan dengan tube bank inline.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Adiarso; Hilmawan, Edi; Sugiyono, Agus;

    Pandemi COVID-19 telah melanda Indonesia sejak kasus pertama terdeteksi dan diumumkan resmi oleh pemerintah pada awal bulan Maret 2020. Setelah itu, jumlah kasus yang terkonfirmasi positif bertambah banyak dan meluas ke seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Beberapa kebijakan penanggulangan COVID-19 mulai diberlakukan, diantaranya dengan menerapkan pembatasan sosial berskala besar (PSBB). Pemberlakuan PSBB ini berdampak pada hampir seluruh sektor kehidupan sosial ekonomi. Sektor energi termasuk yang terdampak cukup signifikan dengan adanya pandemi COVID-19 ini. Dampak pandemi COVID-19 tersebut perlu diinventarisasi baik dari sisi kebutuhan maupun penyediaan energi. Hasil inventarisasi tersebut dituangkan dalam bentuk buku Outlook Energi Indonesia (OEI).

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    Book . 2023
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    Authors: Danawati Hari Prajitno; Victor Purnomo; Muhammad Iqbal;

    Sumber energi alternatif terbarukan sangat diperlukan pada masa kini, sebab penggunaan sumber energi fosil tidak dapat menjadi andalan untuk masa depan. Hal ini karena sumber energi fosil semakin menipis dan penggunaannya menghasilkan emisi CO2 yang tidak ramah lingkungan. Salah satu sumber energi alternatif yang menjanjikan adalah biofuel. Biofuel merupakan sumber energi terbarukan dan ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh katalis berpromotor ganda Ni/Zn-HZSM-5 dan suhu terhadap proses perengkahan minyak bintaro untuk memproduksi biofuel. Variabel yang digunakan adalah perbandingan massa Ni terhadap Zn, perbandingan massa logam terhadap katalis total serta suhu. Parameter kualitas biofuel dapat dilihat dari nilai selektivitas. Selektivitas maksimum gasoline sebesar 52,42% tercapai pada suhu 350°C dan selektivitas maksimum kerosene sebesar 86,72% tercapai pada suhu 400°C pada pengguunaan katalis dengan perbandingan Ni:Zn sebesar 1:1 dengan logam 2% massa total katalis. Diperlukan penelitian yang lebih lanjut untuk memproduksi biofuel yang lebih berkualitas pada suhu yang lebih tinggi dan massa katalis yang lebih besar.

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    Article . 2014
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    Authors: I Wayan Suarna; Ni Nyoman Candraasih Kusumawati; Magna Anuraga Putra Duarsa;

    The side-effect of sand mining was disappearing of biomass which caused of land degradation. A study has been carried out to obtain the model legume association with superior grass plants that are adaptive to repair post-mining land on dry land. This research was desgined in association patern between grasses and legumes with manure application, using 8 combination of grasses herbaceous and tree legumse with 3 replications. This research was conducted at Sebudi village, Karangasem district. Panicum maximum var. Trichoglum, Paspalum atratum, Centrocema pubescens, and Clitoria ternatea were used for grasses and legumes respectively. Observed variables were quality and forage production. The results of this research showed that almost all association can be implemented at dryland, and association patern between Panicum and Paspalum with Clitoria gave extra biomass. This association also showed great potential to improve land quality. The quality and production of grasses were greatly influenced by the association of legumes. Panicum and Paspalum associated with both Clitoria or Centrocema gave highest yield. Various of manure showed a non significant difference on quality and production of grass associated with tree legumes, although it tend to increase both of growth and production of grasses.

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  • Authors: Putra Dimi Utama;

    mengolah Sumber Daya Alam (SDA) Energi terbarui berupa buah nyamplung yang terdapat di Provinsi Sumatera Barat dan pemanfaatan teknologi proses berbasis lingkungan. Produk dari prarancangan pabrik ini direncanakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dalam dan luar negeri. Proses produksi secara keseluruhan menggunakan proses kontinyu. Adapun metoda proses yang digunakan pada prarancangan pabrik ini adalah metoda pengepresan berulir (expeller pressing) dengan pemurnian minyak menggunakan acid degumming, serta esterifikasi-transesterifikasi untuk mendapatkan metil oleat sebagai produk biodiesel. Dari hasil perhitungan neraca massa dan energi, jumlah Buah Nyamplung Kering yang diperlukan untuk memproduksi Biodiesel adalah sebesar 91.577,5915 kg/jam. Kapasitas produksi pabrik ini adalah sebesar 500.000 ton/tahun dan direncanakan beroperasi secara kontinyu selama 330 hari dalam setahun. Pendirian pabrik direncanakan di Kecamatan Kasang, Kabupaten Padang Pariaman, Provinsi Sumatera Barat, dengan luas tanah 30.000 m2 dan membutuhkan tenaga kerja sebanyak 156 orang. Bentuk perusahaan yang direncanakan adalah Perseroan Terbatas (PT) dengan metode struktur organisasi garis dan staf. Sumber air untuk kebutuhan pabrik ini berasal dari sungai Batang Anai dan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan listrik diperoleh dari generator dengan daya 10.684,29 kW. Hasil analisa ekonomi yang diperoleh adalah sebagai berikut:a. Fixed Capital Investment = Rp. 524.396.218.788b. Working Capital Investment = Rp. 786.594.328.182,-c. Total Capital Investment = Rp. 1.310.990.546.970.-d. Total Biaya Produksi = Rp. 12.714.175.908.407.-e. Hasil Penjualan = Rp.13.190.964.688.440.-f. Laba Bersih = Rp. 357.591.584.954g. Pay Out Time (POT) = 3 tahun 7 bulan)h. Break even Point (BEP) = 40 % Berdasarkan studi kelayakan teknis dan ekonomis diatas, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Prarancangan Pabrik Biodiesel dari Biji Nyamplung dengan kapasitas produksi 500.000 ton/tahun ini layak secara teknis dan ekonomis untuk dilanjutkan ke tahap perancangan.

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    Authors: Wening Sri Wulandari; Dudung Darusman; Cecep Kusmana; Widiatmaka Widiatmaka;

    One of potential vegetable materials in Indonesia as a source of biodiesel is kemiri sunan (Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw). This study aims to analyze: financial feasibility of plantation; financial feasibility of biodiesel processing, and the development of business unit. The research results show that kemiri sunan plantation is feasible on the area of 60 ha, a business period of 50 years. Feasibility values without loan are: NPV IDR 1,101,007,645; IRR 13.52%; BCR 1.36; PBP 14.68 years, feasibility values with loan are: NPV IDR 160,351,357; IRR 13.52%; BCR 1.08; PBP 22.55 years, sensitive to the decrease of selling price of dry seeds and productivity of the trees. The biodiesel processing business is feasible at the business period of 15 years, the production capacity of 202.75 Kl/year. Feasibility values without loan are: NPVIDR 512,549,740; IRR 27.27%; BCR 1.04; PBP 4.32 years, feasibility values with loan are: NPV IDR 303,310,940; IRR 27.27%; BCR 1.03; PBP 4.94 years, sensitive to the rising costs of materials and a decrease in the selling price. If all available lands were cultivated, it will generate 2,365 business units and to produce biodiesel that meets 16.68% of the needs of West Java diesel oil.

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    Authors: Center for International Forestry Research;
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