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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Darko Jus; Jana Lippelt;

    Kraftstoffpreise werden weltweit maßgeblich durch Staatseingriffe in Form von Steuern und Subventionen beeinflusst. Die meisten Staaten haben mittlerweile Steuern implementiert und nur noch wenige, vor allem einige erdölexportierende Länder, subventionieren Kraftstoffe. Jedoch geht auch in diesen Ländern der Trend immer stärker zur Abschaffung der überaus teuren Subventionen. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Gründe der staatliche Eingriffe in die Preisbildung und zeigt, welche Staaten Kraftstoffe besteuern und welche sie subventionieren.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Research Papers in E...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    EconStor
    Article . 2011
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Research Papers in E...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      EconStor
      Article . 2011
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Pies, Ingo; Hielscher, Stefan; Valentinov, Vladislav; Everding, Sebastian;

    Vor welchen Herausforderungen steht das Projekt der Bioökonomie, wenn man aus einer ordonomischen Perspektive auf das Phänomen eines demokratischen Diskursversagens blickt? Zwei Arten des Diskursversagens sind zu unterscheiden: (a) der Fehl-Alarm und (b) der Fehlende Alarm. Gerade im Hinblick auf bioökonomische Neuerungen müssen wir Governance-Strukturen entwickeln, um uns kollektiv in die Lage zu versetzen, das Falsche zu unterlassen und das Richtige zu tun. Nicht nur technische Innovationen, sondern auch institutionelle und ideative Innovationen sind für den nachhaltigen Erfolg (und die soziale Akzeptanz) der Bioökonomie von entscheidender Bedeutung. If you look from an ordonomic perspective at the phenomenon of democratic discourse failures, one can immediately identify several challenges faced by the bio-economy project. Two types of discourse failure have to be distinguished: (a) a false alarm and (b) a missing alarm. The main challenge with regard to the bio-economy project is to develop governance structures in order to collectively enable ourselves to do the right things and to refrain from unnecessary mistakes. Complementary to technological innovations, we also need innovations with regard to institutions and idea(l)s. The latter are of decisive importance for the sustainable success (and the social acceptance) of the bio-economy.

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    EconStor
    Research . 2017
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ EconStorarrow_drop_down
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      EconStor
      Research . 2017
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Wotha, Brigitte;

    The increased promotion of energy production from biomass on European and national level leads to land use conflicts on regional and local level. These conflicts appear usually in the legal planning processes during the construction of biogas plants. Whereas the steering possibilities for privileged agro-biogas plants in outer areas and on areas with existing land-use-plans are limited, there are more steering possibilities during new land use-plan procedures. Informal planning instruments as e.g. local renewable energy conceptions facilitate these decision making processes. Die auf europäischer und nationaler Ebene geförderte Energieproduktion aus Biomasse führt auf regionaler und lokaler Ebene zunehmend zu Raumnutzungskonflikten. Diese Konflikte manifestieren sich in der Regel bei der konkreten Anlagenplanung und Realisierung von Biogasanlagen. Bei der Errichtung privilegierter Biogasanlagen im Außenbereich oder in Gebieten mit gültigen Bebauungsplänen sind die planungsrechtlichen Möglichkeiten stark eingeschränkt. Für Biogasanlagen im Rahmen von neu aufzustellenden Bauleitplanungsverfahren gibt es mehr Möglichkeiten zur Steuerung der Standortplanung und Standortausgestaltung. Unterstützend wirken dabei informelle Planungsinstrumente, die eine einvernehmliche Entwicklung und Interessensausgleich zum Ziel haben und deren Ergebnisse in die Abwägung miteinfließen.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ EconStorarrow_drop_down
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    EconStor
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2013
    License: CC BY NC ND
    Data sources: EconStor
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ EconStorarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      EconStor
      Part of book or chapter of book . 2013
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Haucap, Justus; Coenen, Michael;

    The Europeanization of energy policies is desirable because the three main objectives of energy policy (climate protection, security of supply and competitiveness) have cross-border impacts. Hence, it is good that the European Union has been granted a competence for energy policy in the article 194 of the Lisbon treaty. In addition, it is good that the European Commission has published its long-term strategy to stabilize expectations which is important for infrastructure investment. It is regrettable though that price signals, competition and market principles only play a minor role for the Commission while rather doubtful objectives such as fostering energy efficiency and promoting renewable dominate the agenda. The Commission's strategy is mainly characterized by bureaucratic dirigisme, intense regulation, state planning and public subsidies. The road to a centrally planned energy industry is being walked down fast.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Research Papers in E...arrow_drop_down
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    EconStor
    Research . 2011
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Research Papers in E...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      EconStor
      Research . 2011
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Andreas Schröder; Clemens Gerbaulet; Pao-Yu Oei; Christian von Hirschhausen;

    Die Modernisierung und der Ausbau der Stromübertragungsnetze schreitet in Deutschland langsam, aber sicher voran. Trotz des Atomausstiegs gibt es kurzfristig also keinen Grund zur Sorge wegen einer potenziellen Netzlücke. In den Jahren 2007 bis 2010 waren die wegen Netzengpässen notwendigen Anpassungsmaßnahmen vernachlässigbar; auch im Winter 2011/12 blieb die Situation dank vorausschauender Systemplanung beherrschbar. Daher können Optionen für die Optimierung, die Verstärkung und den Ausbau des Netzes nun gründlich diskutiert werden, wie dies sowohl im deutschen als auch im europäischen Kontext geplant ist.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Research Papers in E...arrow_drop_down
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    EconStor
    Article . 2012
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Research Papers in E...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      EconStor
      Article . 2012
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Lars Kumkar;

    Ein Jahr nach Inkrafttreten der deutschen Energierechtsnovelle sind die Konturen der zukünftigen Strommarktregulierung noch zu weiten Teilen ungeklärt. Vor diesem aktuellen wirtschaftspolitischem Hintergrund wird in diesem Papier die Frage nach einer sachgerechten Ausrichtung der Regulierungspolitik für die Stromwirtschaft diskutiert. Aufgabe dieses Papiers ist die komparative Betrachtung alternativer Modelle einer partiell deregulierten Stromwirtschaft. Diskutiert werden vier Modelle: (i) Das "Alleinabnehmermodell", das sich in der europäischen Stromrichtlinie, aber auch in zahlreichen U.S.-Bundesstaaten wiederfindet, (ii) das "Modell der spezifischen Durchleitungsrechte", wie es in der europäischen Stromrichtlinie definiert wird sowie auf der Bundesebene der Vereinigten Staaten eingerichtet wurde, (iii) das "Poolmodell", wie es in England und Wales implementiert wurde, und (iv) das "Common-Carrier-Modell", Richtschnur der norwegischen, schwedischen und finnischen sowie der kalifornischen Reformen. The future of Germanys electricity regulation is still an open question. This paper deals with alternative liberalization models in a comparative manner. Four models are analyzed: (i) The single buyer model, of which elements can be found in the EU Directive concerning common rules for the internal market, and in several US-States, (ii) the wheeling model defined by the EU Directive, and is prescribed for the wholesale trade in the US through the Energy Policy Act of 1992, (iii) the pool model à la England and Wales, and (iv) the common carrier model which is implemented in the Scandinavian Countries Norway, Sweden and Finland, and in California.

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    EconStor
    Research . 1999
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      EconStor
      Research . 1999
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    Authors: Jürgen Blazejczak; Frauke G. Braun; Dietmar Edler; Wolf-Peter Schill;

    Erneuerbare Energien und eine Steigerung der Energieeffizienz können nicht nur entscheidend dazu beitragen, Treibhausgasemissionen und andere negative Effekte der konventionellen Energieversorgung zu vermindern, sie eröffnen auch enorme wirtschaftliche Chancen. Im Bereich der erneuerbaren Energien sind in den letzten Jahren bedeutende und stark wachsende Branchen entstanden. Im Jahr 2010 wurden in Deutschland 26,6 Milliarden Euro in Anlagen zur Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien investiert. Insgesamt ging von erneuerbaren Energien ein Nachfrageimpuls für die deutsche Wirtschaft von 35,5 Milliarden Euro aus. Die Bruttobeschäftigung im Bereich der erneuerbaren Energien wird für das Jahr 2010 auf 367 400 Personen geschätzt. Auch die ökonomische Nettobilanz des Ausbaus der erneuerbaren Energien fällt positiv aus. Modellrechnungen des DIW Berlin zufolge liegt das Bruttoinlandsprodukt in einem "Ausbauszenario" im Jahr 2030 um 2,9 Prozent höher als in einem "Nullszenario" ohne Ausbau. In Abhängigkeit von den Verhältnissen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt ergeben sich schwache bis moderate, aber durchweg positive Nettobeschäftigungseffekte. Die Szenariorechnungen verdeutlichen auch, dass sich der Ausbau unterschiedlich auf die Beschäftigung in den einzelnen Wirtschaftszweigen auswirkt. Darüber hinaus bedingt der Umbau der Energieversorgung hin zu hohen Anteilen erneuerbarer Energien und einer erhöhten Energieeffizienz einen Strukturwandel in Wirtschaft und Arbeitswelt, der künftig verstärkt beachtet werden muss.

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    EconStor
    Article . 2011
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      EconStor
      Article . 2011
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    Authors: Kumkar, Lars;

    In diesem Papier werden die 1990 begonnenen Maßnahmen zur Liberalisierung und Re- Regulierung der Elektrizitätswirtschaft in Norwegen, Schweden und Finnland skizziert. Dabei wird insbesondere der Frage nachgegangen, inwieweit im Bereich des Stromhandels durch die Reformen eine wettbewerbliche Evolution von differenzierten Institutionen, etwa Strombörsen und bilateralen Lieferverträgen, ermöglicht wird. Im Rahmen der Untersuchung werden ferner Parallelen und Unterschiede zum englisch/walisischen System sowie zur deutschen Energierechtsnovelle aufgezeigt. This paper deals with the electricity reforms (1990-1996) in three Scandinavian Couiitries: Norway, Sweden and Finland. Of Special importance for the efficiency in the sector is the question, whether the re-regulation of the electricity transport business is accompanied by a comprehensive liberalisation of electricity trade. The extent of this liberalisation decides whether competition between different trade institutions, e.g. between electricity exchanges and bilateral contracts, could develop. Therefore, the regulations of the electricity trade are a main focus of the paper. In addition, the paper depicts parallels and differences between the Scandinavian reforms, the English Reform of 1990 and the German implementation of the EU directiveof 1996.

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    EconStor
    Research . 1998
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      EconStor
      Research . 1998
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Dobroschke, Stephan;

    Seit nunmehr 18 Jahren werden in Deutschland gesetzlich garantierte Einspeisetarife zur Förderung von Windstrom genutzt. In der Folge ist ein stetiger Anstieg der Stromproduktion auf Basis von Windenergie zu verzeichnen. Inzwischen sind im Tagesverlauf vereinzelt Perioden zu beobachten, in denen der Strompreis die gesetzlichen Einspeisemindestvergütungen einiger Windkraftanlagen übersteigt. Die vorliegende Studie geht der Frage nach, ob dies als erstes Anzeichen einer aufkeimenden Marktfähigkeit für Windstrom zu werten ist und, wenn dem so ist, welche Folgen sich für die Förderung erneuerbarer Energien in Deutschland ergeben. Dazu erfolgt zunächst eine Marktpotenzialabschätzung. Es werden u. a. durchschnittliche Spotmarktpreise, die durchschnittliche Einspeisecharakteristik von Windstrom sowie der aktuelle Bestand von Windkraftanlagen in Abhängigkeit der jeweiligen Einspeisetarife zugrunde gelegt. Auf dieser Grundlage werden Anforderungen an ein konkretes Direktvermarktungsablaufschema untersucht sowie mögliche Weiterentwicklungen der deutschen Windstromförderung aufgezeigt. Langfristig ist mit einem deutlichen Anstieg direktvermarktbaren Windstroms zu rechnen. Insbesondere zur frühzeitigen Förderung des Entwicklungspotentials kosteneffizienter Ausregelungsmöglichkeiten von Produktionsschwankungen könnten dazu einzelne Perioden gewinnbringender Direktvermarktung durch Premium- Zahlungen gezielt ausgeweitet werden. Since 18 years, wind power plants in Germany are being promoted by guaranteed feed-in tariffs. As a consequence, the supply of electricity from wind power plants is steadily increasing. Meanwhile, the market price for electricity starts exceeding feedin tariffs within certain periods in the course of the day. This report examines whether this can be interpreted as a first signal of commencing marketability of wind power. If so, the study further investigates implications for the promotion of renewable energies in Germany. In a first step, the market potential of wind power in Germany is being assessed. In order to derive a representative estimation, average electricity prices on the spot market, average amounts of produced wind power as well as the actual wind power portfolio in Germany is being considered. Based on this estimation, the study further derives a flowchart in order to account for the various requirements, both on the side of wind producers as well as on the side of grid operators. Finally, further developments in the promotion of wind power in Germany are being elaborated. In the long run, a significant increase in the direct sale of wind power can be expected. In order to promote new strategies and schemes to efficiently feed this electricity into the grid, an early promotion of direct sales may be reasonable. For this purpose, a combination of guaranteed feed-in tariffs and premiums on top of the market price may be suitable.

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    EconStor
    Report . 2010
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      EconStor
      Report . 2010
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    Authors: Hans-Dieter Karl;

    Die ausreichende und beständige Verfügbarkeit von Energie ist für hoch entwickelte Industrieländer eine unabdingbare Voraussetzung für ihre wirtschaftliche Entwicklung. Das gilt für alle Bereiche einer modernen Volkswirtschaft, vom Produktionssektor über den Transport- und den Dienstleistungssektor bis hin zu den privaten Haushalten. Durch die Verwendung von Energie in ihren verschiedenen Formen ist es zusammen mit dem Einsatz anderer Produktionsfaktoren möglich, eine anhaltende Steigerung der Arbeitsproduktivität zu erreichen, die Arbeitsteilung weiter zu entwickeln und zu optimieren sowie den Aufwand für zeitraubende Tätigkeiten deutlich zu reduzieren. Vor dem Hintergrund des für entwickelte Volkswirtschaften in nahezu allen Lebensbereichen notwendigen Bedarfs an Energie und ihres daraus resultierenden Stellenwerts hat das ifo Institut die volkswirtschaftliche Bedeutung der gesamten Energiewirtschaft und insbesondere der Stromversorgung untersucht. Themenschwerpunkte und wesentliche Ergebnisse der Studie werden in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt.

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    EconStor
    Article . 2011
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      Article . 2011
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    Authors: Darko Jus; Jana Lippelt;

    Kraftstoffpreise werden weltweit maßgeblich durch Staatseingriffe in Form von Steuern und Subventionen beeinflusst. Die meisten Staaten haben mittlerweile Steuern implementiert und nur noch wenige, vor allem einige erdölexportierende Länder, subventionieren Kraftstoffe. Jedoch geht auch in diesen Ländern der Trend immer stärker zur Abschaffung der überaus teuren Subventionen. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Gründe der staatliche Eingriffe in die Preisbildung und zeigt, welche Staaten Kraftstoffe besteuern und welche sie subventionieren.

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    EconStor
    Article . 2011
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      Article . 2011
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Pies, Ingo; Hielscher, Stefan; Valentinov, Vladislav; Everding, Sebastian;

    Vor welchen Herausforderungen steht das Projekt der Bioökonomie, wenn man aus einer ordonomischen Perspektive auf das Phänomen eines demokratischen Diskursversagens blickt? Zwei Arten des Diskursversagens sind zu unterscheiden: (a) der Fehl-Alarm und (b) der Fehlende Alarm. Gerade im Hinblick auf bioökonomische Neuerungen müssen wir Governance-Strukturen entwickeln, um uns kollektiv in die Lage zu versetzen, das Falsche zu unterlassen und das Richtige zu tun. Nicht nur technische Innovationen, sondern auch institutionelle und ideative Innovationen sind für den nachhaltigen Erfolg (und die soziale Akzeptanz) der Bioökonomie von entscheidender Bedeutung. If you look from an ordonomic perspective at the phenomenon of democratic discourse failures, one can immediately identify several challenges faced by the bio-economy project. Two types of discourse failure have to be distinguished: (a) a false alarm and (b) a missing alarm. The main challenge with regard to the bio-economy project is to develop governance structures in order to collectively enable ourselves to do the right things and to refrain from unnecessary mistakes. Complementary to technological innovations, we also need innovations with regard to institutions and idea(l)s. The latter are of decisive importance for the sustainable success (and the social acceptance) of the bio-economy.

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    EconStor
    Research . 2017
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      Research . 2017
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    Authors: Wotha, Brigitte;

    The increased promotion of energy production from biomass on European and national level leads to land use conflicts on regional and local level. These conflicts appear usually in the legal planning processes during the construction of biogas plants. Whereas the steering possibilities for privileged agro-biogas plants in outer areas and on areas with existing land-use-plans are limited, there are more steering possibilities during new land use-plan procedures. Informal planning instruments as e.g. local renewable energy conceptions facilitate these decision making processes. Die auf europäischer und nationaler Ebene geförderte Energieproduktion aus Biomasse führt auf regionaler und lokaler Ebene zunehmend zu Raumnutzungskonflikten. Diese Konflikte manifestieren sich in der Regel bei der konkreten Anlagenplanung und Realisierung von Biogasanlagen. Bei der Errichtung privilegierter Biogasanlagen im Außenbereich oder in Gebieten mit gültigen Bebauungsplänen sind die planungsrechtlichen Möglichkeiten stark eingeschränkt. Für Biogasanlagen im Rahmen von neu aufzustellenden Bauleitplanungsverfahren gibt es mehr Möglichkeiten zur Steuerung der Standortplanung und Standortausgestaltung. Unterstützend wirken dabei informelle Planungsinstrumente, die eine einvernehmliche Entwicklung und Interessensausgleich zum Ziel haben und deren Ergebnisse in die Abwägung miteinfließen.

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    Part of book or chapter of book . 2013
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      Part of book or chapter of book . 2013
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    Authors: Haucap, Justus; Coenen, Michael;

    The Europeanization of energy policies is desirable because the three main objectives of energy policy (climate protection, security of supply and competitiveness) have cross-border impacts. Hence, it is good that the European Union has been granted a competence for energy policy in the article 194 of the Lisbon treaty. In addition, it is good that the European Commission has published its long-term strategy to stabilize expectations which is important for infrastructure investment. It is regrettable though that price signals, competition and market principles only play a minor role for the Commission while rather doubtful objectives such as fostering energy efficiency and promoting renewable dominate the agenda. The Commission's strategy is mainly characterized by bureaucratic dirigisme, intense regulation, state planning and public subsidies. The road to a centrally planned energy industry is being walked down fast.

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    Research . 2011
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      Research . 2011
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    Authors: Andreas Schröder; Clemens Gerbaulet; Pao-Yu Oei; Christian von Hirschhausen;

    Die Modernisierung und der Ausbau der Stromübertragungsnetze schreitet in Deutschland langsam, aber sicher voran. Trotz des Atomausstiegs gibt es kurzfristig also keinen Grund zur Sorge wegen einer potenziellen Netzlücke. In den Jahren 2007 bis 2010 waren die wegen Netzengpässen notwendigen Anpassungsmaßnahmen vernachlässigbar; auch im Winter 2011/12 blieb die Situation dank vorausschauender Systemplanung beherrschbar. Daher können Optionen für die Optimierung, die Verstärkung und den Ausbau des Netzes nun gründlich diskutiert werden, wie dies sowohl im deutschen als auch im europäischen Kontext geplant ist.

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    EconStor
    Article . 2012
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      Article . 2012
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    Authors: Lars Kumkar;

    Ein Jahr nach Inkrafttreten der deutschen Energierechtsnovelle sind die Konturen der zukünftigen Strommarktregulierung noch zu weiten Teilen ungeklärt. Vor diesem aktuellen wirtschaftspolitischem Hintergrund wird in diesem Papier die Frage nach einer sachgerechten Ausrichtung der Regulierungspolitik für die Stromwirtschaft diskutiert. Aufgabe dieses Papiers ist die komparative Betrachtung alternativer Modelle einer partiell deregulierten Stromwirtschaft. Diskutiert werden vier Modelle: (i) Das "Alleinabnehmermodell", das sich in der europäischen Stromrichtlinie, aber auch in zahlreichen U.S.-Bundesstaaten wiederfindet, (ii) das "Modell der spezifischen Durchleitungsrechte", wie es in der europäischen Stromrichtlinie definiert wird sowie auf der Bundesebene der Vereinigten Staaten eingerichtet wurde, (iii) das "Poolmodell", wie es in England und Wales implementiert wurde, und (iv) das "Common-Carrier-Modell", Richtschnur der norwegischen, schwedischen und finnischen sowie der kalifornischen Reformen. The future of Germanys electricity regulation is still an open question. This paper deals with alternative liberalization models in a comparative manner. Four models are analyzed: (i) The single buyer model, of which elements can be found in the EU Directive concerning common rules for the internal market, and in several US-States, (ii) the wheeling model defined by the EU Directive, and is prescribed for the wholesale trade in the US through the Energy Policy Act of 1992, (iii) the pool model à la England and Wales, and (iv) the common carrier model which is implemented in the Scandinavian Countries Norway, Sweden and Finland, and in California.

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    EconStor
    Research . 1999
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      Research . 1999
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    Authors: Jürgen Blazejczak; Frauke G. Braun; Dietmar Edler; Wolf-Peter Schill;

    Erneuerbare Energien und eine Steigerung der Energieeffizienz können nicht nur entscheidend dazu beitragen, Treibhausgasemissionen und andere negative Effekte der konventionellen Energieversorgung zu vermindern, sie eröffnen auch enorme wirtschaftliche Chancen. Im Bereich der erneuerbaren Energien sind in den letzten Jahren bedeutende und stark wachsende Branchen entstanden. Im Jahr 2010 wurden in Deutschland 26,6 Milliarden Euro in Anlagen zur Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien investiert. Insgesamt ging von erneuerbaren Energien ein Nachfrageimpuls für die deutsche Wirtschaft von 35,5 Milliarden Euro aus. Die Bruttobeschäftigung im Bereich der erneuerbaren Energien wird für das Jahr 2010 auf 367 400 Personen geschätzt. Auch die ökonomische Nettobilanz des Ausbaus der erneuerbaren Energien fällt positiv aus. Modellrechnungen des DIW Berlin zufolge liegt das Bruttoinlandsprodukt in einem "Ausbauszenario" im Jahr 2030 um 2,9 Prozent höher als in einem "Nullszenario" ohne Ausbau. In Abhängigkeit von den Verhältnissen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt ergeben sich schwache bis moderate, aber durchweg positive Nettobeschäftigungseffekte. Die Szenariorechnungen verdeutlichen auch, dass sich der Ausbau unterschiedlich auf die Beschäftigung in den einzelnen Wirtschaftszweigen auswirkt. Darüber hinaus bedingt der Umbau der Energieversorgung hin zu hohen Anteilen erneuerbarer Energien und einer erhöhten Energieeffizienz einen Strukturwandel in Wirtschaft und Arbeitswelt, der künftig verstärkt beachtet werden muss.

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    Article . 2011
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      Article . 2011
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    Authors: Kumkar, Lars;

    In diesem Papier werden die 1990 begonnenen Maßnahmen zur Liberalisierung und Re- Regulierung der Elektrizitätswirtschaft in Norwegen, Schweden und Finnland skizziert. Dabei wird insbesondere der Frage nachgegangen, inwieweit im Bereich des Stromhandels durch die Reformen eine wettbewerbliche Evolution von differenzierten Institutionen, etwa Strombörsen und bilateralen Lieferverträgen, ermöglicht wird. Im Rahmen der Untersuchung werden ferner Parallelen und Unterschiede zum englisch/walisischen System sowie zur deutschen Energierechtsnovelle aufgezeigt. This paper deals with the electricity reforms (1990-1996) in three Scandinavian Couiitries: Norway, Sweden and Finland. Of Special importance for the efficiency in the sector is the question, whether the re-regulation of the electricity transport business is accompanied by a comprehensive liberalisation of electricity trade. The extent of this liberalisation decides whether competition between different trade institutions, e.g. between electricity exchanges and bilateral contracts, could develop. Therefore, the regulations of the electricity trade are a main focus of the paper. In addition, the paper depicts parallels and differences between the Scandinavian reforms, the English Reform of 1990 and the German implementation of the EU directiveof 1996.

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    Research . 1998
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      Research . 1998
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    Authors: Dobroschke, Stephan;

    Seit nunmehr 18 Jahren werden in Deutschland gesetzlich garantierte Einspeisetarife zur Förderung von Windstrom genutzt. In der Folge ist ein stetiger Anstieg der Stromproduktion auf Basis von Windenergie zu verzeichnen. Inzwischen sind im Tagesverlauf vereinzelt Perioden zu beobachten, in denen der Strompreis die gesetzlichen Einspeisemindestvergütungen einiger Windkraftanlagen übersteigt. Die vorliegende Studie geht der Frage nach, ob dies als erstes Anzeichen einer aufkeimenden Marktfähigkeit für Windstrom zu werten ist und, wenn dem so ist, welche Folgen sich für die Förderung erneuerbarer Energien in Deutschland ergeben. Dazu erfolgt zunächst eine Marktpotenzialabschätzung. Es werden u. a. durchschnittliche Spotmarktpreise, die durchschnittliche Einspeisecharakteristik von Windstrom sowie der aktuelle Bestand von Windkraftanlagen in Abhängigkeit der jeweiligen Einspeisetarife zugrunde gelegt. Auf dieser Grundlage werden Anforderungen an ein konkretes Direktvermarktungsablaufschema untersucht sowie mögliche Weiterentwicklungen der deutschen Windstromförderung aufgezeigt. Langfristig ist mit einem deutlichen Anstieg direktvermarktbaren Windstroms zu rechnen. Insbesondere zur frühzeitigen Förderung des Entwicklungspotentials kosteneffizienter Ausregelungsmöglichkeiten von Produktionsschwankungen könnten dazu einzelne Perioden gewinnbringender Direktvermarktung durch Premium- Zahlungen gezielt ausgeweitet werden. Since 18 years, wind power plants in Germany are being promoted by guaranteed feed-in tariffs. As a consequence, the supply of electricity from wind power plants is steadily increasing. Meanwhile, the market price for electricity starts exceeding feedin tariffs within certain periods in the course of the day. This report examines whether this can be interpreted as a first signal of commencing marketability of wind power. If so, the study further investigates implications for the promotion of renewable energies in Germany. In a first step, the market potential of wind power in Germany is being assessed. In order to derive a representative estimation, average electricity prices on the spot market, average amounts of produced wind power as well as the actual wind power portfolio in Germany is being considered. Based on this estimation, the study further derives a flowchart in order to account for the various requirements, both on the side of wind producers as well as on the side of grid operators. Finally, further developments in the promotion of wind power in Germany are being elaborated. In the long run, a significant increase in the direct sale of wind power can be expected. In order to promote new strategies and schemes to efficiently feed this electricity into the grid, an early promotion of direct sales may be reasonable. For this purpose, a combination of guaranteed feed-in tariffs and premiums on top of the market price may be suitable.

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    EconStor
    Report . 2010
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      EconStor
      Report . 2010
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    Authors: Hans-Dieter Karl;

    Die ausreichende und beständige Verfügbarkeit von Energie ist für hoch entwickelte Industrieländer eine unabdingbare Voraussetzung für ihre wirtschaftliche Entwicklung. Das gilt für alle Bereiche einer modernen Volkswirtschaft, vom Produktionssektor über den Transport- und den Dienstleistungssektor bis hin zu den privaten Haushalten. Durch die Verwendung von Energie in ihren verschiedenen Formen ist es zusammen mit dem Einsatz anderer Produktionsfaktoren möglich, eine anhaltende Steigerung der Arbeitsproduktivität zu erreichen, die Arbeitsteilung weiter zu entwickeln und zu optimieren sowie den Aufwand für zeitraubende Tätigkeiten deutlich zu reduzieren. Vor dem Hintergrund des für entwickelte Volkswirtschaften in nahezu allen Lebensbereichen notwendigen Bedarfs an Energie und ihres daraus resultierenden Stellenwerts hat das ifo Institut die volkswirtschaftliche Bedeutung der gesamten Energiewirtschaft und insbesondere der Stromversorgung untersucht. Themenschwerpunkte und wesentliche Ergebnisse der Studie werden in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt.

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    EconStor
    Article . 2011
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      EconStor
      Article . 2011
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