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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2015Publisher:Centre for Social Research and Development, Economics, Policy and Climate Change; Development and Innovation Agency; Ministry of Environment and Forestry Authors: Wening Sri Wulandari; Dudung Darusman; Cecep Kusmana; Widiatmaka Widiatmaka;One of potential vegetable materials in Indonesia as a source of biodiesel is kemiri sunan (Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw). This study aims to analyze: financial feasibility of plantation; financial feasibility of biodiesel processing, and the development of business unit. The research results show that kemiri sunan plantation is feasible on the area of 60 ha, a business period of 50 years. Feasibility values without loan are: NPV IDR 1,101,007,645; IRR 13.52%; BCR 1.36; PBP 14.68 years, feasibility values with loan are: NPV IDR 160,351,357; IRR 13.52%; BCR 1.08; PBP 22.55 years, sensitive to the decrease of selling price of dry seeds and productivity of the trees. The biodiesel processing business is feasible at the business period of 15 years, the production capacity of 202.75 Kl/year. Feasibility values without loan are: NPVIDR 512,549,740; IRR 27.27%; BCR 1.04; PBP 4.32 years, feasibility values with loan are: NPV IDR 303,310,940; IRR 27.27%; BCR 1.03; PBP 4.94 years, sensitive to the rising costs of materials and a decrease in the selling price. If all available lands were cultivated, it will generate 2,365 business units and to produce biodiesel that meets 16.68% of the needs of West Java diesel oil.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2015 IndonesiaAuthors: Dwiastuti, Putri;Today apartment dwellers generally tend to be individualistic righteously urban middleclass society in general. Unlike the situation in the neighborhood, where the level of socialization on the surrounding community is still quite high due to the surrounding community still likes hanging out with the neighbors, especially in the afternoon. Issues raised here is the lack of socialization that occurs between the residents in the apartment. Garden Living means “life park”. Garden is a garden that is as a place of socialization for residents and surrounding communities. Garden Living itself is to make the park as a place to socialize and interact with fellow residents of the apartment and the garden is also a gathering place for the general public. Lack of facilities to accommodate the occupants to socialize the reason the construction of an apartment that has an garden and is expected to become a place to socialize for the residents of the apartment. For the people who live around the apartment also will be built a public park so that people can still socialize and gather together. Taking the concept of Green Architecture or Sustainable Architecture, the building is minimal in consumption of natural resources, including energy, water, materials, and minimal negative impact on the environment. By the way of utilizing rain water and Deli river water and uses sunlight as a power source. 100406064
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2015Publisher:Centre for Social Research and Development, Economics, Policy and Climate Change; Development and Innovation Agency; Ministry of Environment and Forestry Authors: Idin Saepudin Ruhimat;Land use with agroforestry system has ecological, economic and social advantages, so that the sustainability of agroforestry should be maintained. This study aims to determine the state of sustainability and the key factors ffecting sustainability of agroforestry. The research conducted in Rancah District, Ciamis from April to December 2013. Data is analyzed using RAP-AFS ordinated Regency and prospective analysis. The results showed that some of ecological, economic and social problems potentially threatening the sustainability of agroforestry. Agroforestry in Rancah is less sustainable with sustainability index value of 25.01-50.00 i.e. ecological, economic, social and multidimensional indexes are 32.26, 42.26, 48.59 and 46.20, respectively. The key factors that must be considered for the sustainability of agroforestry are: extension role, the availability of agroforestry technology package, government role and farmer groups existence. Therefore, it is recommended national and regional goverments prioritize the management of the key factors in policy that development of sustainable agroforestry
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2016Publisher:Politeknik Caltex Riau Authors: Okta Riveranda; Muhammad Ihsan Zul; Maksum Rois Adin Saf;Curriculum 2013 (K-13) was first announced in 2014 which has been applied to number of schools. Preparation of this new curriculum by the government aimed at making education in Indonesia is not only focused on cognitive aspects or skills possessed, but also at students' interest and motivation. Unfortunately, behind the goal, there are issues occured in the school during the application of K-13. Those are input process and values conversion that takes relatively much time. The things are caused by the dissimilarity of the standards and the assessment scale between current curriculum with the previous one. Meanwhile, the academic system running in schools is still pretty conventional. Therefore, this research will construct an application which have capability to handle the things. Beside those additional features, this research is build an application in order to apply the data mining with k-NN algorithm to predict students learning outcomes based on certain subjects. Data source that used in this research were consisted into 500 data training that covered up all classes or labels. Testing methods which have been applied are black box testing and confusion matrix. There are 3 techniques of black box testing that applied in order to test the system functionality according to its input values. Those are equivalence class partitioning, boundary value analysis and decision table based testing. Meanwhile in confusion matrix, it has been done 3 times testing according by k value in k-NN algorithm. With k-5 acquired accurate rate 79.34%, k-10 with accurate rate 62.67%, then k-15 with accurate rate 64%. Thus, information that can conluded from those testing methods is the algorithm with k-5 is more accurate than any others.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2014 IndonesiaAuthors: Yus, Juita M; Sugiyono; Uliyanti, Endang;Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan guru dalam merencanakan dan melaksanakan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan metode diskusi pada pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam dan seberapa besar peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran dengan menggunakan metode diskusi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif, sifat penelitian kolaboratif, tempat penelitian didalam kelas IV SDN 02 Sanggau, subjek penelitian guru dan siswa kelas IV, teknik pengumpulan data yaitu observasi dan langsung pengukuran, alat pengumpulan data berupa lembar observasi dan lembar tes siswa. Hasil Penelitian : (1) Peningkatan kemampuan guru dalam pembelajaran siklus I sebesar 2 dan Siklus II sebesar 3,95 meningkat 1,95. (2) peningkatan kemampuan guru dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran siklus I sebesar 2,2 dan siklus II sebesar3,96 meningkat 1,76. (3) Hasil belajar siswa siklus I sebesar 54,78 dan siklus II sebesar 87,82 meningkat 33,04. Dengan demikian siswa mengalami peningkatan hasil belajar yang baik. The purpose of this study is to determine the ability of the teacher in planning and implementing the discussion method learning science and how much the students' improvement learning outcomes in learning by using the method of discussion . The method used is descriptive. It is collaborative research. The study is conducted in fourth grade of SDN 02 Sanggau , the object of study is the teacher and students of fourth grade of SDN 02 Sanggau. Data collection techniques are direct observation and measurement. The data are collected through observation sheets and students' test sheet. The results of the study: (1) The ability of teacher increased from 2 in cycle I to 3.95 in cycle II. It increased 1.95. (2) The ability of teacher to implement the learning increased from 2.2 in cycle I to 3.96 in cycle II, It increased 1.76 (3) The student learning outcomes 54.78 in cycle I change to 87.82 in cycle II. It increased 33.04. (4) Thus, students have increased a good learning outcomes
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2016 IndonesiaAuthors: URAY IBNU FARUQ;- Source of electrical energy is currently the main problems in Singkawang city, this is because the number of population density increased annually. Besides, the problem of the amount of waste continues to rise, these two problems can be solved with one solution to convert a renewable energy that makes a potential where trash converted into power plant of waste to energy. To determine whether the waste can be a solution to the energy crisis by conducting a study of potential waste or garbage into fuel power plant. writing this essay described how rubbish can produce electrical energy for 24833.76 kWh / day if operating for one year amounted to 9,064,322.4 kWh / year or 9064.32 MWh / year, The first step is to know the total amount of organic waste per day, the number of calories in the organic waste, the amount of energy (kWh) / day, the capacity of power generation, the power output of the boiler, steam turbine net power.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2012 IndonesiaAuthors: Noer, Abyor Handayani; Dessy, Ariyanti;The first use of microalgae by humans as food detected in the dates back 2000 years, but the development ofbiotechnology of microalgae just began in the middle of this century. Microalgae refer to biomass resourcecontain many useful components such as protein, carbohydrate, fatty acid, etc. Products based microalgae arediverse from human food and nutrition, animal feed and nutrition up to fine chemicals such as triglycerideswhich is able to be converted to biodiesel. Microalgae is a promising biomass resources, (i) microalgae isrenewable resources which has high biodiversity properties, (ii) production cost of converting process frommicroalgae biomass into its derivatives relatively low, (iii) product derivatives of microalgae have a highdemand in market. Based on above, microalgae can be developed further to be applied as raw material for food,energy and pharmacy. This paper described microalgae in general and the developing technology used toproduce commercial microalgae based product.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2013 IndonesiaAuthors: Hidayat, Mohamad Rusdi;Bioethanol is one type of biofuel that developed significantly. The utilization of bioethanol is not only limited for fuel, but also could be used as material for various industries such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food. With wide utilization and relatively simple production technology has made bioethanol as the most favored biofuel currently. The use of lignocellulosic biomass, microalgae, seaweeds, even GMO (Genetically modified organisms) as substrates for bioethanol production has been widely tested. Differences in the materials eventually led to change in the production technology used. Pretreatment technology in the bioethanol production using lignocellulosic currently experiencing rapid development. It is a key process and crucial for the whole next steps. Based on the advantages and disadvantages from all methods, steam explotion and liquid hot water methods are the most promising pretreatment technology available.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2012 IndonesiaAuthors: Supriadi, Handi;Terjadinya Perubahan iklim pada saat ini telah mengkibatkan dampak buruk terhadap kehidupan makhluk hidup di permukaan bumi. Kekeringan, banjir atau rob, gelombang udara panas, dan badai merupakan beberapa contoh yang disebabkan oleh Perubahan iklim. Pada sektor pertanian, kondisi tersebut akan menyebabkan produksi tanaman mengalami penurunan yang cukup signifikan sehingga mengganggu ketahanan pangan nasional dan menurunkan pendapatan petani dan devisa negara. Penyebab utama terjadinya Perubahan iklim adalah meningkatnya emisi gas rumah kaca (terutama gas CO2) di udara, yang dihasilkan oleh aktivitas manusia (antropogenik). Untuk mengurangi emisi gas CO2 Pemerintah Republik Indonesia telah mencanangkan Rencana Aksi Nasional Penurunan Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (RAN-GRK) sesuai Peraturan Presiden Nomor 61 tahun 2011. Salah satu kegiatan utamanya adalah penanaman 105.200 ha tanaman karet. Peran ekologis tanaman karet yaitu tajuknya dapat menyerap gas CO2 dari udara dan dari hasil biji karet dapat dibuat biodiesel dengan gas buang CO2 yang lebih rendah dari bahan bakar minyak (solar), sehingga tanaman karet mempunyai peran yang penting dalam mengurangi kejadian Perubahan iklim (mitigasi). Jumlah CO2 yang diserap oleh tanaman karet bervariasi tergantung kepada umur tanaman, kondisi tanaman, kesuburan tanah, dan teknis budidaya yang diterapkan. Rata-rata stok karbon pada karet tradional (perkebunan rakyat) 19,8 ton C/ha, sedangkan pada karet klon unggul (perkebunan besar) 42,4 ton C/ha. Jumlah gas CO2 yang diserap oleh perkebunan karet di Indonesia mencapai 291,16 Mton CO2e. Potensi produksi biodiesel dari RSO di Indonesia mencapai 424.460 ton. Campuran solar dan biodiesel dari RSO dapat menurunkan emisi gas buang CO2 sebesar 40,14%. Role of rubber plant in climate change mitigation Climate change happened and resulted in adverse effect of our life on the earth's surface. Droughts, floods, or rob, heatwaves, and hurricanes happened recently of incident that might be caused by climate change. In the agricultural sector, these conditions will lead to reduction of yields significantly, in turn disrupt the national food security and reduce foreign exchange. Major factor that may induce climate change is the increased greenhouse gas emissions primarily CO2 in air, generated by human activity (anthropogenic). To reduce emissions of CO2 gas, Government of Indonesia has launched the National Action Plan for Reducing Emissions of Greenhouse Gases (RAN-GRK) through Presidential Decree No. 61 of 2011. One of the main activity is the planting of 105,200 ha of rubber trees. Ecological role of the rubber plant is an sequestration CO2 from the air. Moreover, rubber yielded may be converted into biodiesel fuel having CO2 content being lower than diesel oil in otherwords, rubber plant has an important role in reducing of incidences of climate change (mitigation). The amount of CO2 is sequestrated by rubber plant varies depending on the age of the plant, crop conditions, soil fertility and technical cultivation applied. Average of carbon stock of those rubber plants cultivated traditionally was 19.8 ton C / ha, while those superior clone ones was 42.4 ton C/ha. The amount of CO2 gas sequestrated by rubber in Indonesia reached of 291.16 Mton CO2e. Potentially biodiesel production developed from the RSO in Indonesia reached 424,460 ton, blending of diesel oil and biodiesel from RSO able to reduce CO2 emissions of 40.14%.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2014 IndonesiaAuthors: Rochmani, Rochmani;Area of Indonesia consists of 80% water, which contains abundance of potential fish resources, Those fish resources should be utilized for as much as prosperity and welfare for Indonesian. In fact, fish resourceshaven't enhanced the living standard, which is sustainable and equitable. Issues on fisheries come up such as exaggeration of fishing, theft fish, illegal fishing activities and the use of fish resources that exceeding thegeneration of fish itself. That circumstance will cause harm for the state, the fishermen, as well as people in general. The use of tools that harm the nature will cause the decrease of fish resources and threat thesustainability of fish resources. The aim of writing this article is to analyze law enforcement related to the sustainability of fish resources and the sustainability of fish resources, viewed from the perspective of justice.As the result of the study, law enforcement to protect the fish resources generally has not given attention to the sustainability of fish resources, therefore fishermen still use unfriendly tools to catch the fishes. Thoseunfriendly tools will cause the occurrence of over-fishing and will impact to the environmental damages. Those kinds of things will destruct the fishes, therefore the quantity of fish will have deteriorated and evencould be extinct. Those environmental damages would suffer the present generation as well as the next generation since they couldn't consume fish which is very essential for the growth of the human body anderadicate the job for the people as the fishermen. The present generation will be sinful if the next generation will get the impact of what the present generation done. In order to reduce more over-fishing activities and the distrust of the fish habitat it needs the law enforcement, which is oriented to the sustainability of fish resources. The sustainability of fishery resources couldn't maintain its existence, this could be seen as the symbol of environmental damages. In this case, the law also needs to make integration of fish resources sustainability to be processed so that it will result output law enforcement which is oriented to fish resourcessustainability. As a conclusion, in law enforcement oriented to fish resources sustainability, it needs to be thought by the lawmaker to embed that the law should contain idea or concept about justice, legal certainty,the significance of fish resources and the implementation of the law itself. In the fish resources utilization and law enforcements, it needs to pay attention to the justice principle; intergenerational equity; intergenerational equity; precautionary; conservation of biological diversity; conservation of biological diversity.
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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2015Publisher:Centre for Social Research and Development, Economics, Policy and Climate Change; Development and Innovation Agency; Ministry of Environment and Forestry Authors: Wening Sri Wulandari; Dudung Darusman; Cecep Kusmana; Widiatmaka Widiatmaka;One of potential vegetable materials in Indonesia as a source of biodiesel is kemiri sunan (Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw). This study aims to analyze: financial feasibility of plantation; financial feasibility of biodiesel processing, and the development of business unit. The research results show that kemiri sunan plantation is feasible on the area of 60 ha, a business period of 50 years. Feasibility values without loan are: NPV IDR 1,101,007,645; IRR 13.52%; BCR 1.36; PBP 14.68 years, feasibility values with loan are: NPV IDR 160,351,357; IRR 13.52%; BCR 1.08; PBP 22.55 years, sensitive to the decrease of selling price of dry seeds and productivity of the trees. The biodiesel processing business is feasible at the business period of 15 years, the production capacity of 202.75 Kl/year. Feasibility values without loan are: NPVIDR 512,549,740; IRR 27.27%; BCR 1.04; PBP 4.32 years, feasibility values with loan are: NPV IDR 303,310,940; IRR 27.27%; BCR 1.03; PBP 4.94 years, sensitive to the rising costs of materials and a decrease in the selling price. If all available lands were cultivated, it will generate 2,365 business units and to produce biodiesel that meets 16.68% of the needs of West Java diesel oil.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2015 IndonesiaAuthors: Dwiastuti, Putri;Today apartment dwellers generally tend to be individualistic righteously urban middleclass society in general. Unlike the situation in the neighborhood, where the level of socialization on the surrounding community is still quite high due to the surrounding community still likes hanging out with the neighbors, especially in the afternoon. Issues raised here is the lack of socialization that occurs between the residents in the apartment. Garden Living means “life park”. Garden is a garden that is as a place of socialization for residents and surrounding communities. Garden Living itself is to make the park as a place to socialize and interact with fellow residents of the apartment and the garden is also a gathering place for the general public. Lack of facilities to accommodate the occupants to socialize the reason the construction of an apartment that has an garden and is expected to become a place to socialize for the residents of the apartment. For the people who live around the apartment also will be built a public park so that people can still socialize and gather together. Taking the concept of Green Architecture or Sustainable Architecture, the building is minimal in consumption of natural resources, including energy, water, materials, and minimal negative impact on the environment. By the way of utilizing rain water and Deli river water and uses sunlight as a power source. 100406064
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2015Publisher:Centre for Social Research and Development, Economics, Policy and Climate Change; Development and Innovation Agency; Ministry of Environment and Forestry Authors: Idin Saepudin Ruhimat;Land use with agroforestry system has ecological, economic and social advantages, so that the sustainability of agroforestry should be maintained. This study aims to determine the state of sustainability and the key factors ffecting sustainability of agroforestry. The research conducted in Rancah District, Ciamis from April to December 2013. Data is analyzed using RAP-AFS ordinated Regency and prospective analysis. The results showed that some of ecological, economic and social problems potentially threatening the sustainability of agroforestry. Agroforestry in Rancah is less sustainable with sustainability index value of 25.01-50.00 i.e. ecological, economic, social and multidimensional indexes are 32.26, 42.26, 48.59 and 46.20, respectively. The key factors that must be considered for the sustainability of agroforestry are: extension role, the availability of agroforestry technology package, government role and farmer groups existence. Therefore, it is recommended national and regional goverments prioritize the management of the key factors in policy that development of sustainable agroforestry
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2016Publisher:Politeknik Caltex Riau Authors: Okta Riveranda; Muhammad Ihsan Zul; Maksum Rois Adin Saf;Curriculum 2013 (K-13) was first announced in 2014 which has been applied to number of schools. Preparation of this new curriculum by the government aimed at making education in Indonesia is not only focused on cognitive aspects or skills possessed, but also at students' interest and motivation. Unfortunately, behind the goal, there are issues occured in the school during the application of K-13. Those are input process and values conversion that takes relatively much time. The things are caused by the dissimilarity of the standards and the assessment scale between current curriculum with the previous one. Meanwhile, the academic system running in schools is still pretty conventional. Therefore, this research will construct an application which have capability to handle the things. Beside those additional features, this research is build an application in order to apply the data mining with k-NN algorithm to predict students learning outcomes based on certain subjects. Data source that used in this research were consisted into 500 data training that covered up all classes or labels. Testing methods which have been applied are black box testing and confusion matrix. There are 3 techniques of black box testing that applied in order to test the system functionality according to its input values. Those are equivalence class partitioning, boundary value analysis and decision table based testing. Meanwhile in confusion matrix, it has been done 3 times testing according by k value in k-NN algorithm. With k-5 acquired accurate rate 79.34%, k-10 with accurate rate 62.67%, then k-15 with accurate rate 64%. Thus, information that can conluded from those testing methods is the algorithm with k-5 is more accurate than any others.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2014 IndonesiaAuthors: Yus, Juita M; Sugiyono; Uliyanti, Endang;Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan guru dalam merencanakan dan melaksanakan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan metode diskusi pada pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam dan seberapa besar peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran dengan menggunakan metode diskusi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif, sifat penelitian kolaboratif, tempat penelitian didalam kelas IV SDN 02 Sanggau, subjek penelitian guru dan siswa kelas IV, teknik pengumpulan data yaitu observasi dan langsung pengukuran, alat pengumpulan data berupa lembar observasi dan lembar tes siswa. Hasil Penelitian : (1) Peningkatan kemampuan guru dalam pembelajaran siklus I sebesar 2 dan Siklus II sebesar 3,95 meningkat 1,95. (2) peningkatan kemampuan guru dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran siklus I sebesar 2,2 dan siklus II sebesar3,96 meningkat 1,76. (3) Hasil belajar siswa siklus I sebesar 54,78 dan siklus II sebesar 87,82 meningkat 33,04. Dengan demikian siswa mengalami peningkatan hasil belajar yang baik. The purpose of this study is to determine the ability of the teacher in planning and implementing the discussion method learning science and how much the students' improvement learning outcomes in learning by using the method of discussion . The method used is descriptive. It is collaborative research. The study is conducted in fourth grade of SDN 02 Sanggau , the object of study is the teacher and students of fourth grade of SDN 02 Sanggau. Data collection techniques are direct observation and measurement. The data are collected through observation sheets and students' test sheet. The results of the study: (1) The ability of teacher increased from 2 in cycle I to 3.95 in cycle II. It increased 1.95. (2) The ability of teacher to implement the learning increased from 2.2 in cycle I to 3.96 in cycle II, It increased 1.76 (3) The student learning outcomes 54.78 in cycle I change to 87.82 in cycle II. It increased 33.04. (4) Thus, students have increased a good learning outcomes
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2016 IndonesiaAuthors: URAY IBNU FARUQ;- Source of electrical energy is currently the main problems in Singkawang city, this is because the number of population density increased annually. Besides, the problem of the amount of waste continues to rise, these two problems can be solved with one solution to convert a renewable energy that makes a potential where trash converted into power plant of waste to energy. To determine whether the waste can be a solution to the energy crisis by conducting a study of potential waste or garbage into fuel power plant. writing this essay described how rubbish can produce electrical energy for 24833.76 kWh / day if operating for one year amounted to 9,064,322.4 kWh / year or 9064.32 MWh / year, The first step is to know the total amount of organic waste per day, the number of calories in the organic waste, the amount of energy (kWh) / day, the capacity of power generation, the power output of the boiler, steam turbine net power.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2012 IndonesiaAuthors: Noer, Abyor Handayani; Dessy, Ariyanti;The first use of microalgae by humans as food detected in the dates back 2000 years, but the development ofbiotechnology of microalgae just began in the middle of this century. Microalgae refer to biomass resourcecontain many useful components such as protein, carbohydrate, fatty acid, etc. Products based microalgae arediverse from human food and nutrition, animal feed and nutrition up to fine chemicals such as triglycerideswhich is able to be converted to biodiesel. Microalgae is a promising biomass resources, (i) microalgae isrenewable resources which has high biodiversity properties, (ii) production cost of converting process frommicroalgae biomass into its derivatives relatively low, (iii) product derivatives of microalgae have a highdemand in market. Based on above, microalgae can be developed further to be applied as raw material for food,energy and pharmacy. This paper described microalgae in general and the developing technology used toproduce commercial microalgae based product.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2013 IndonesiaAuthors: Hidayat, Mohamad Rusdi;Bioethanol is one type of biofuel that developed significantly. The utilization of bioethanol is not only limited for fuel, but also could be used as material for various industries such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food. With wide utilization and relatively simple production technology has made bioethanol as the most favored biofuel currently. The use of lignocellulosic biomass, microalgae, seaweeds, even GMO (Genetically modified organisms) as substrates for bioethanol production has been widely tested. Differences in the materials eventually led to change in the production technology used. Pretreatment technology in the bioethanol production using lignocellulosic currently experiencing rapid development. It is a key process and crucial for the whole next steps. Based on the advantages and disadvantages from all methods, steam explotion and liquid hot water methods are the most promising pretreatment technology available.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2012 IndonesiaAuthors: Supriadi, Handi;Terjadinya Perubahan iklim pada saat ini telah mengkibatkan dampak buruk terhadap kehidupan makhluk hidup di permukaan bumi. Kekeringan, banjir atau rob, gelombang udara panas, dan badai merupakan beberapa contoh yang disebabkan oleh Perubahan iklim. Pada sektor pertanian, kondisi tersebut akan menyebabkan produksi tanaman mengalami penurunan yang cukup signifikan sehingga mengganggu ketahanan pangan nasional dan menurunkan pendapatan petani dan devisa negara. Penyebab utama terjadinya Perubahan iklim adalah meningkatnya emisi gas rumah kaca (terutama gas CO2) di udara, yang dihasilkan oleh aktivitas manusia (antropogenik). Untuk mengurangi emisi gas CO2 Pemerintah Republik Indonesia telah mencanangkan Rencana Aksi Nasional Penurunan Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (RAN-GRK) sesuai Peraturan Presiden Nomor 61 tahun 2011. Salah satu kegiatan utamanya adalah penanaman 105.200 ha tanaman karet. Peran ekologis tanaman karet yaitu tajuknya dapat menyerap gas CO2 dari udara dan dari hasil biji karet dapat dibuat biodiesel dengan gas buang CO2 yang lebih rendah dari bahan bakar minyak (solar), sehingga tanaman karet mempunyai peran yang penting dalam mengurangi kejadian Perubahan iklim (mitigasi). Jumlah CO2 yang diserap oleh tanaman karet bervariasi tergantung kepada umur tanaman, kondisi tanaman, kesuburan tanah, dan teknis budidaya yang diterapkan. Rata-rata stok karbon pada karet tradional (perkebunan rakyat) 19,8 ton C/ha, sedangkan pada karet klon unggul (perkebunan besar) 42,4 ton C/ha. Jumlah gas CO2 yang diserap oleh perkebunan karet di Indonesia mencapai 291,16 Mton CO2e. Potensi produksi biodiesel dari RSO di Indonesia mencapai 424.460 ton. Campuran solar dan biodiesel dari RSO dapat menurunkan emisi gas buang CO2 sebesar 40,14%. Role of rubber plant in climate change mitigation Climate change happened and resulted in adverse effect of our life on the earth's surface. Droughts, floods, or rob, heatwaves, and hurricanes happened recently of incident that might be caused by climate change. In the agricultural sector, these conditions will lead to reduction of yields significantly, in turn disrupt the national food security and reduce foreign exchange. Major factor that may induce climate change is the increased greenhouse gas emissions primarily CO2 in air, generated by human activity (anthropogenic). To reduce emissions of CO2 gas, Government of Indonesia has launched the National Action Plan for Reducing Emissions of Greenhouse Gases (RAN-GRK) through Presidential Decree No. 61 of 2011. One of the main activity is the planting of 105,200 ha of rubber trees. Ecological role of the rubber plant is an sequestration CO2 from the air. Moreover, rubber yielded may be converted into biodiesel fuel having CO2 content being lower than diesel oil in otherwords, rubber plant has an important role in reducing of incidences of climate change (mitigation). The amount of CO2 is sequestrated by rubber plant varies depending on the age of the plant, crop conditions, soil fertility and technical cultivation applied. Average of carbon stock of those rubber plants cultivated traditionally was 19.8 ton C / ha, while those superior clone ones was 42.4 ton C/ha. The amount of CO2 gas sequestrated by rubber in Indonesia reached of 291.16 Mton CO2e. Potentially biodiesel production developed from the RSO in Indonesia reached 424,460 ton, blending of diesel oil and biodiesel from RSO able to reduce CO2 emissions of 40.14%.
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You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2014 IndonesiaAuthors: Rochmani, Rochmani;Area of Indonesia consists of 80% water, which contains abundance of potential fish resources, Those fish resources should be utilized for as much as prosperity and welfare for Indonesian. In fact, fish resourceshaven't enhanced the living standard, which is sustainable and equitable. Issues on fisheries come up such as exaggeration of fishing, theft fish, illegal fishing activities and the use of fish resources that exceeding thegeneration of fish itself. That circumstance will cause harm for the state, the fishermen, as well as people in general. The use of tools that harm the nature will cause the decrease of fish resources and threat thesustainability of fish resources. The aim of writing this article is to analyze law enforcement related to the sustainability of fish resources and the sustainability of fish resources, viewed from the perspective of justice.As the result of the study, law enforcement to protect the fish resources generally has not given attention to the sustainability of fish resources, therefore fishermen still use unfriendly tools to catch the fishes. Thoseunfriendly tools will cause the occurrence of over-fishing and will impact to the environmental damages. Those kinds of things will destruct the fishes, therefore the quantity of fish will have deteriorated and evencould be extinct. Those environmental damages would suffer the present generation as well as the next generation since they couldn't consume fish which is very essential for the growth of the human body anderadicate the job for the people as the fishermen. The present generation will be sinful if the next generation will get the impact of what the present generation done. In order to reduce more over-fishing activities and the distrust of the fish habitat it needs the law enforcement, which is oriented to the sustainability of fish resources. The sustainability of fishery resources couldn't maintain its existence, this could be seen as the symbol of environmental damages. In this case, the law also needs to make integration of fish resources sustainability to be processed so that it will result output law enforcement which is oriented to fish resourcessustainability. As a conclusion, in law enforcement oriented to fish resources sustainability, it needs to be thought by the lawmaker to embed that the law should contain idea or concept about justice, legal certainty,the significance of fish resources and the implementation of the law itself. In the fish resources utilization and law enforcements, it needs to pay attention to the justice principle; intergenerational equity; intergenerational equity; precautionary; conservation of biological diversity; conservation of biological diversity.
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