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Brüssel-Hauptstadt: Standort der Gebäude, für die die Aufforderungen zur Einreichung von Vorschlägen für „Exemplary Buildings“ ausgewählt wurden, die mit dem Ziel organisiert wurden, Initiativen im Bereich des ökologischen Baus und der integrierten Renovierung zu fördern. Um ausgewählt zu werden, müssen die Gewinner eine Reihe von Kriterien in Bezug auf Energie und Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft, aber auch Komfort und Ästhetik erfüllen, wobei sie für den Brüsseler Markt finanziell zugänglich bleiben. Der Datensatz enthält die Anzahl und Bezeichnung der Projekte sowie einen Link zu einem Factsheet zur Beschreibung. Περιφέρεια Βρυξελλών-Πρωτευούσης: η τοποθεσία των επιτυχημένων κτιρίων των «παραδειγματικών κτιρίων» απαιτεί έργα που διοργανώνονται για την ενθάρρυνση της οικολογικής κατασκευής και της ολοκληρωμένης ανακαίνισης. Για να επιλεγούν, οι νικητές πρέπει να πληρούν μια σειρά κριτηρίων όσον αφορά τη διαχείριση της ενέργειας, του νερού και των αποβλήτων, καθώς και την άνεση και την αισθητική, ενώ παράλληλα θα παραμένουν οικονομικά προσπελάσιμοι στην αγορά των Βρυξελλών. Η βάση δεδομένων παρέχει αριθμούς και ονόματα έργων, καθώς και τον σύνδεσμο προς ένα περιγραφικό φύλλο. Región de Bruselas Capital: la ubicación de los edificios de éxito de los «Edificios ejemplares» convoca proyectos organizados para fomentar la ecoconstrucción y la renovación integrada. Para ser seleccionados, los ganadores deben cumplir una serie de criterios en términos de gestión de la energía, el agua y los residuos, así como el confort y la estética, al tiempo que siguen siendo accesibles desde el punto de vista financiero para el mercado de Bruselas. La base de datos proporciona números y nombres del proyecto, así como el enlace a una hoja descriptiva. Réigiún Caipitil na Bruiséile: tá gá le tionscadail a eagraíodh chun éicea-thógáil agus athchóiriú comhtháite a spreagadh chun foirgnimh rathúla na “Foirgneamh eiseamláireach” a aimsiú. Chun go roghnófar iad, ní mór do na buaiteoirí cloí le raon critéar i dtaca le fuinneamh, uisce agus bainistiú dramhaíola, chomh maith le compord agus aeistéitic, agus rochtain airgeadais a choinneáil ar mhargadh na Bruiséile ag an am céanna. Soláthraíonn an bunachar sonraí uimhreacha agus ainmneacha na dtionscadal, chomh maith leis an nasc chuig bileog thuairisciúil. Région de Bruxelles-Capitale : localisation des bâtiments lauréats des appels à projets "Bâtiments Exemplaires" organisés en vue d'encourager les démarches d'éco-construction et rénovation intégrée. Pour être sélectionnés, les lauréats doivent répondre à une série de critères en matière d'énergie, de gestion de l'eau et des déchets, mais aussi de confort et d'esthétisme tout en restant accessibles financièrement pour le marché bruxellois. La base de données fournit les numéros et noms de projets, ainsi que le lien vers une fiche descriptive. Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest: lokalisatie van de winnende gebouwen van de projectoproep "Voorbeeldgebouwen" die georganiseerd wordt om ecoconstuctie- en geïntegreerde renovatieprojecten aan te moedigen. Om geselecteerd te worden, moeten de laureaten aan een reeks criteria op de vlak van energie, waterbeheer en afvalstoffen alsook comfort en esthetiek voldoen en tegelijkertijd financieel toegankelijk blijven voor de Brusselse markt. Die gegevens bevatten het nummer en de naam van het project, en een link naar een beschrijvende fiche. Regiunea Bruxelles-Capitală: amplasarea clădirilor de succes ale „Clădirilor Exemplare” necesită proiecte organizate pentru a încuraja construcția ecologică și renovarea integrată. Pentru a fi selectați, câștigătorii trebuie să îndeplinească o serie de criterii în ceea ce privește energia, apa și gestionarea deșeurilor, precum și confortul și estetica, rămânând totodată accesibile din punct de vedere financiar pieței de la Bruxelles. Baza de date oferă numere și nume de proiecte, precum și linkul către o foaie descriptivă. Brussels-Capital Region: location of the buildings winning the "Exemplary Buildings" calls for proposals organised with the aim of encouraging initiatives in eco-construction and integrated renovation. In order to be selected, winners must fulfil a series of criteria with regard to energy and management of water and waste, but also comfort and aesthetics, all while remaining financially accessible for the Brussels market. The dataset contains the number and name of the projects, and a link to an description factsheet. Região de Bruxelas-Capital: localização dos edifícios bem sucedidos dos «Edifícios Exemplares» convites à apresentação de projetos organizados para incentivar a ecoconstrução e a renovação integrada. Para serem selecionados, os vencedores devem satisfazer uma série de critérios em termos de energia, água e gestão de resíduos, bem como de conforto e estética, mantendo-se financeiramente acessíveis ao mercado de Bruxelas. O banco de dados fornece números e nomes do projeto, bem como o link para uma folha descritiva. Brüsszel fővárosi régió: a „Példaként szolgáló épületek” sikeres épületeinek elhelyezkedése olyan projektekre irányul, amelyek célja az ökoépítés és az integrált felújítás ösztönzése. A kiválasztáshoz a nyerteseknek számos kritériumnak kell megfelelniük az energia-, víz- és hulladékgazdálkodás, valamint a kényelem és az esztétika tekintetében, miközben továbbra is pénzügyileg hozzáférhetők a brüsszeli piac számára. Az adatbázis tartalmazza a projektszámokat és neveket, valamint a leíró lapra mutató linket.

This dataset and codebook correspond to the initial round of survey data gathered in France in 2022, within the project FULFILL - Fundamental Decarbonisation Through Sufficiency By Lifestyle Changes. As part of Work Package 3 (WP3) in the FULFILL project, we collected quantitative data from six countries: Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, and India. In the first round of the survey, we recruited a representative sample of approximately 2000 households in each country, taking into account both the individual and household perspectives. The survey includes a quantitative assessment of the carbon footprint in various domains of life, such as housing, mobility, and diet. In addition to this, the survey also measures socio-economic factors such as age, gender, income, education, household size, life stage, and political orientation. Furthermore, the survey includes measures of quality of life, encompassing aspects such as health and well-being, environmental quality, financial security, and comfort.

L’objectif général est d’améliorer la résilience climatique des populations du Nord et l’Extrême Nord du Cameroun. L’objectif spécifique est d’augmenter durablement la productivité agro-pastorale et les revenus des ménages ruraux et de réduire leur vulnérabilité au vu des enjeux climatiques.

Neutron stars are at the origin of some of the most extreme phenomena in the universe because of their ultra-intense electromagnetic fields accelerating the surrounding particles to ultra-relativistic speeds. To better understand these stars, different models have been developed but all have limitations, that is why "particles in cells" numerical simulations have been performed by various teams, but using algorithms not well suited to intense fields, implying a scaling and velocities of particles well below reality.In this thesis, to overcome the limitations of other algorithms, we have developed a code based on successive analytical solutions to the equation of motion of a particle in constant fields (with and without radiation reaction). We have injected up to 8192 test particles around neutron stars, in the Deutsch field, and studied their velocities and positions. The code is functional, shows expected results and demonstrates the importance of the radiation reaction but is limited by the absence of interaction between particles. ; Les étoiles à neutrons sont à l’origine de phénomènes parmis les plus extrêmes de l’univers en raison de leurs champs électromagnétiques ultra-intenses accélérant les particules alentours à des vitesses ultra relativistes. Pour mieux comprendre ces astres, différents modèles ont été élaborés mais tous ont des limites, c’est pourquoi des simulations numériques «particles in cells» ont été réalisées par diverses équipes, mais en utilisant des algorithmes peu adaptés aux champs intenses, impliquant un scaling et des vitesses de particules bien en dessous de la réalité.Dans cette thèse, pour dépasser les limites des autres algorithmes, nous avons développé un code basé sur des solutions analytiques successives à l’équation du mouvement d’une particule en champs constants (avec et sans réaction de rayonnement). Nous avons injecté jusqu’à 8192 particules test autours d’étoiles à neutrons, dans le champ de Deutsch, et avons étudié leurs vitesses et leurs positions. Le code est ...

Environmental systems are and will be more affected by climate change. Predicting the future dynamics of these complex systems in the context of climate change is necessary and represents a considerable challenge for the scientific community in order to support public policies in their decisions. In this context, tools and methods have been developed to solve these challenges. The work presented in this thesis focuses mainly on groundwater seepage and the impact it can have on coastal systems at low elevations. Beyond their characterisation, the aim is also to show the interest of considering them fully in the processes of the hydrological cycle through the control that they exert on the groundwater circulations. The different studies in this thesis have shown that the modelling of groundwater resurgence is necessary to characterise the future evolution of vulnerable areas in a coastal and climate change context. In other contexts, these resurgences are very useful for the characterisation of aquifers by the possibility to use them as reference data to estimate hydrodynamic properties. ; Les systèmes environnementaux sont et seront davantage affectés par les évolutions climatiques. Prédire les dynamiques futures en lien avec le changement climatique de ces objets complexes est nécessaire et représente un enjeu considérable pour la communauté scientifique afin d’accompagner les politiques publiques dans leurs décisions. C’est dans ce contexte que des outils et méthodes ont été développés pour répondre à ces enjeux. Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse s’articulent principalement autour des résurgences d’eau souterraine et l’impact qu’elles peuvent avoir sur les systèmes côtiers à faibles altitudes. Au-delà de leur caractérisation, il est aussi question de montrer l’intérêt de les considérer pleinement dans les processus du cycle hydrologique à travers le contrôle qu’elles exercent sur les circulations souterraines. Les différentes études de cette thèse ont démontré que la modélisation des résurgences d’eau ...

The Normandy region is prone to gravitational movements of various kinds (mudflows, rockfalls, rotational or translational landslides, etc.). The Pays d'Auge, at the contact between the Armorican Massif and the Paris Basin, is particularly concerned by these processes, due to a wide lithological variability and the sensitivity of materials to the presence of water. Many researches have been carried out in hinterland and coastal areas, contributing to the understanding of the landforms and the processes at work.Within the framework of the ANR RICOCHET program, this PhD thesis aims to provide some answers regarding the hazard assessment, both in terms of predisposing and triggering factors. The studied area extends specifically at the coastal and hinterland fringe of the Pays d'Auge, in the lower valley of the Touques river.Using a multidisciplinary approach combining geomorphology, geophysics, hydrogeology and geotechnics, investigations were carried out on three representative sites of landslide phenomena affecting this territory. By using existing data sets, completed by new acquisitions, this work aims to improve the knowledge of the hydromechanical functioning of each major type of landslide considered. The stability of the sites was assessed using numerical models based on finite element (SLOPE/W®) and finite difference (FLAC®) methods. A spatialized assessment of the susceptibility and hazard is then carried out at a larger scale (1:10,000) by the joint use of (1) a physically based model to simulate the triggering probability (ALICE®) and (2) an empirical model for the propagation (Flow-R®). The landslide sensitivity is highlighted with respect to current forcing, and considering the expected influence of climate change. ; La région Normandie est sujette aux mouvements gravitaires de diverses natures (coulées de boues, éboulements, glissements de terrain rotationnels ou translationnels, etc.). Le Pays d’Auge, au contact entre Massif armoricain et Bassin parisien, est particulièrement affecté par ces ...

The refrigeration sector consumes about 17% of the total electricity used in the world. This percentage is not negligible and requires making cooling systems more energy efficient, and reducing their impact on the greenhouse effect. In particular, refrigerant leaks are a problem that must be solved. Indeed, they have a direct and indirect impact on the environment. Also, leaks impose additional repair costs. For these reasons, it is very important to employ reliable and fast leak detection methods that ensure real-time detection. In this thesis, we have proposed to develop a physical model that represents the cooling system. This model is validated and calibrated with experimental tests. Once the model is validated, it is used as a data generator. These data will be used in addition to the data acquired in real time to ensure the training of a statistical model on the normal operation of the machine. This learning model will then be used to detect leaks in case of deviation from normal operation defined from the measurement of several parameters sensitive to the variation of the refrigerant charge. As the physical model of the machine is used as a complement to the real machine and not to replace it, we will call it a "digital twin". ; Le secteur de réfrigération consomme environ 17 % de l'électricité totale utilisée dans le monde. Ce pourcentage n’est pas négligeable et nécessite de rendre les systèmes de refroidissement plus efficaces énergétiquement et de réduire leur impact sur l’effet de serre. En particulier, les fuites de réfrigérant vers l’environnement constituent un problème qui doit être résolu. En effet, elles ont un impact direct et indirect sur l’environnement. Aussi, les fuites imposent des coûts de réparation supplémentaires. Pour ces raisons, il est très important d’employer des méthodes de détection de fuites fiables, rapides, et qui assurent une détection en temps réel. Nous avons proposé dans cette thèse de développer un modèle physique qui représente le système de refroidissement. Ce modèle ...

National audience; Mastering materials at the atomic scale is crucial for numerous applications in materials science and modern chemistry. It requires a deep understanding of atomic and molecular reactions and the ability to control the evolution of these structures. To achieve this, knowing the energy landscape of diffusion pathways is essential, including the initial, final, and transition states. These states correspond, respectively, to the minima and saddle points on the energy surface. The Activation-Relaxation Technique is an efficient algorithm to explore this complex energy surface. It is presented in detail in this article with numerous application examples.; La maîtrise des matériaux à l'échelle atomique est cruciale pour de nombreuses applications en sciences des matériaux et chimie moderne. Elle exige une compréhension profonde des réactions atomiques et moléculaires et la capacité à contrôler l'évolution de ces structures. Pour cela, connaître le paysage énergétique des voies de diffusion est essentiel, y compris les états initial, final et de transition. Ces états correspondent respectivement aux minima et aux points selles sur la surface d'énergie. La Technique d'Activation-Relaxation est un algorithme efficace pour explorer cette surface d'énergie complexe. Elle est présentée en détail dans cet article avec de nombreux exemples d'application.

Data centers, factories housing thousands of computer servers that work permanently to exchange, store, process data and make it accessible via the Internet. With the digital sector development, their energy consumption, which is largely fossil fuel-based, has grown continuously over the last decade, posing a real threat to the environment. The use of renewable energy is a promising way to limit the ecological footprint of data centers. Nevertheless, the intermittent nature of these sources hinders their integration into a system requiring a high reliability degree. The hybridization of several technologies for green electricity production, coupled with storage devices, is currently an effective solution to this problem. As a result, this research work studies a multi-source system, integrating tidal turbines, photovoltaic panels, batteries and a hydrogen storage system to power an MW-scale data center. The main objective of this thesis is the optimization of a data center power supply, both for isolated sites and grid-connected ones. The first axis of this work is the modeling of the system components using the energetic macroscopic representation (EMR). Energy management strategy based on the frequency separation principle is first adopted to share power between storage devices with different dynamic characteristics. The second axis concerns the optimal sizing of the proposed system, in order to find the best configuration that meets the technical constraints imposed at minimum cost, using particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA). Here, a rules-based energy management technique is used for simplicity and reduced computing time purposes. The last axis focuses on the energy management optimization through GA, taking into account the storage systems degradation in order to reduce their operating costs and extend their lifetime. It should be noted that each axis previously discussed has been the subject of a specific sensitivity analysis, which aims to evaluate the performance of the hybrid ...

National audience ; The development of decentralized, distributed, stationary electric microgrids producing energy as close as possible to the consumers, is a key challenge of the energy transition. Microgrids can contribute to the massive renewables energies integration and allow the optimization of the energy use according to several economic and ecological criteria. Batteries are the most widely used Energy Storage Systems (ESS) in microgrids, but are among the most expensive components with a relatively short lifetime. Therefore, optimize the sizing of sources and batteries (sizes, technologies and topologies) considering the energy management strategies is the general objective of the optimal design of a microgrid. For this purpose, many tools and studies exist using battery behavior and aging models. However, few works evaluate the accuracy of these models in real operating conditions, nor their impacts on the resulting sizing or energy management decisions. The research path chosen in this thesis consists in the analysis of different ESS models, considering their operation and degradation and used in optimal microgrid design methods. The objective is to evaluate the ability of these models to be integrated in a modeling environment dedicated to multi-criteria optimization (cost, use of locally produced energy, lifetime.) to size microgrids and develop energy management strategies. To validate this work, a test bench of a low voltage DC microgrid type has been built. This bench allows to emulate a microgrid from real production and consumption data and thus to evaluate the behavior of the ESS under controlled conditions but close to a real operation. A comparative study of battery models has been then made to find the most appropriate ones for microgrids design. An analysis of the accuracy of these models was carried out in order to study their ability to represent the battery behavior and the typical variations related to the stresses impacting their life span. For this purpose, usage profiles related to ...