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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2013 PortugalPublisher:Revista de Ciências Agrárias Authors: Lourenço, Maria Ermelinda; Januário, Maria Isabel; Massa, Vitor;doi: 10.19084/rca.16314
Neste trabalho avaliou-se o efeito da data de sementeira nas características de produção e composição em açúcares do sorgo sacarino, em função das quais se estimou o potencial de produção de bioetanol a partir desta cultura. O estudo foi conduzido durante dois anos (2005 e 2006), com a variedade de sorgo sacarino Madhura. A sementeira foi efectuada nas datas de 17 de maio, 31 de maio, 14 de junho e 28 de junho. Na sementeira efectuada a 17 de maio a produção de caules verdes e secos atingiu os valores de 66 e 13,8 t ha-1, respectivamente, as quais foram significativamente superiores às obtidas nas sementeiras de junho. A produção máxima de açúcar naquele mês foi de 4,6 t ha-1, o que corresponde à produção estimada de 2300 L ha-1 de bioetanol. Os resultados alcançados permitem concluir que as datas de sementeira de maio foram as que melhor potenciaram a aptidão do sorgo sacarino como cultura energética, para a produção de bioetanol. Revista de Ciências Agrárias, vol. 36 n.º 3 (2013)
Revista de Ciências ... arrow_drop_down Universidade de Lisboa: Repositório.ULArticle . 2013Data sources: Universidade de Lisboa: Repositório.ULadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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visibility 45visibility views 45 download downloads 14 Powered bymore_vert Revista de Ciências ... arrow_drop_down Universidade de Lisboa: Repositório.ULArticle . 2013Data sources: Universidade de Lisboa: Repositório.ULadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Conference object 2017 PortugalPublisher:APRH, AIH-GP e ISEP. Authors: Novo, M. E.; Henriques, M. J. A.;Climate change is bound to impact the water cycle and water availability, compounding the sustainable management of its quantity and quality. Groundwater is bound to suffer the impacts of climate change, coupled with those of land use changes, population and its lifestyles evolution. Climate change studies normaly have a 50 to 100 years horizon, which is a challenge for decision makers, who usually rely on relatively short therm data and projections to implement their management policies. BINGO Project tries to address this gap, by providing information of climate change impacts, including those of extreme events, on the water cycle for the short-tomedium term. Climate change impacts on groundwater rely on mathematical modeling, using recharge projections obtained from the climate forecasts of the Regional Climate Models set up for Europe. Sea level change is also a component of this analysis and its ensuing impacts of saltwater intrusion on the coastal and estuarine areas of Aluviões do Tejo and Bacia do Tejo-Sado/Margem Esquerda aquifers. 4p DHA/NRE
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Master thesis 2021 PortugalAuthors: Gonçalves, Gabriela Ribeiro da Silva;Relatório de Estágio do Mestrado em Ensino de Geografia no 3º ciclo do Ensino Básico e no Ensino Secundário apresentado à Faculdade de Letras O presente relatório de estágio visa apresentar uma análise e reflexão das atividades letivas e extralectivas ao longo do Estágio Pedagógico Supervisionado, desenvolvido na Escola Secundária Dr.ª Maria Cândida, em Mira, durante o ano letivo 2020/2021. Além disso, pretendo efetuar uma reflexão da aplicação da estratégia didático-pedagógica, neste caso concreto a Aplicação dos Media na Educação Geográfica e Ambiental, caso específico do Jornal aplicado ao tema das Alterações Climáticas. O relatório está dividido em três partes. A primeira parte, onde é feita a descrição geral da escola, acompanhado do enquadramento geográfico, turma, núcleo de estágio e das atividades realizadas ao longo do estágio. A segunda parte, está direcionada para a reflexão teórica e científica associada ao tema da aplicação didática.O tema da componente científica é as Alterações Climáticas e os seus impactos na saúde humana, assim como o surgimento ou ressurgimento de doenças parasitárias na Europa. Na terceira parte é apresentada a estratégia didática, o jornal realizado pelos alunos, acompanhado dos resultados obtidos ao inquérito realizado aos professores do agrupamento e aos alunos sobre o mesmo. Neste capítulo também se encontra uma reflexão sobre o ensino à distância e os impactos na aprendizagem tanto nos professores como alunos. Os objetivos propostos para esta estratégia foram positivos, uma vez que obtive o feedback desejado por parte dos alunos, assim como toda a dedicação na construção do jornal. This internship report aims to present an analysis and reflection of teaching and extralegal activities throughout the Supervised Pedagogical Internship, developed in Escola Secundária Dr. ª Maria Cândida, in Mira, during the school year 2020/2021. In addition, I intend to reflect on the application of didactic-pedagogical strategy, in this specific case the Application of Media in Geographic and Environmental Education, the specific case of the newspaper applied to the theme of Climate Change.The report is divided in three parts. The first part, where the general description of the school is made, accompanied by the geographic framing, class, internship nucleus and the activities carried out throughout the internship. The second part is directed towards the theoretical and scientific reflection associated with the theme of didactic application. The theme of the scientific component is Climate Change and its impacts on human health, as well as the emergence or resurgence of parasitic diseases in Europe.In the third part, the didactic strategy is presented, the newspaper made by the students, accompanied by the results obtained from the survey carried out to the teachers of the grouping and to the students about it. In this chapter there is also a reflection on distance learning and the impacts on learning for both teachers and students. The objectives proposed for this strategy were positive, since I obtained the desired feedback from the students, as well as all the dedication in the construction of the newspaper.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Conference object 2021 PortugalPublisher:Associação Portuguesa de Horticultura Martins, Sandra; Gonçalves, Alexandre; Silva, Ermelinda; Brito, Cátia; Pinto, Luís; Arrobas, Margarida; Rodrigues, M.A.; Nunes, Fernando M.; Correia, Carlos M.;With the advances of climate change, it is expected harmful consequences to olive tree (Olea europaea L.). Therefore, it is necessary to develop cost-effective practices to reduce the vulnerability of olive crops to the adverse impacts of environmental stresses. Rainfed olive trees were sprayed with zeolites, natural crystalline aluminosilicates, and its effects on photosynthetic activity, phenolic composition, antioxidant activity, leaf minerais concentrations, plant growth, yield, and olive oil quality were assessed. Zeolites application enhanced photosynthetic activity, as well the concentrations of N, Mg, Cu, Zn and Mn in leaves, and changed the secondary metabolism, with decrease oftotal phenols, ortho-diphenols and total antioxidant activity, signs of lower oxidative stress. As consequence, zeolites boosted plant growth, crop yield, and size and weight of fruits. The foliar spray did not significantly affect the oil quality indices free acidity, peroxide value and Km and K270 coefficients. This study strongly suggests that folial' zeolites might be an effective strategy to mitigate the adverse environmental conditions. This research was funded by the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Programme PT2020 for financiai support to ClTAB (UIDB/04033/2020), and the Operational Group "Novas práticas em olivais de sequeiro: estratégias de mitigação e adaptação às alterações climáticas" I funded by PT2020 and EAFRD (European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development). Sandra Martins acknowledges the financiai support provided by the FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (PD/BD/135327/2017), under the Doctoral programme "Agricultural Production Chains-from fork to farm". info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Lecture 2008 PortugalPublisher:ICB Congress Secretariat, 2008 Authors: Andrade, José; Abreu, Francisco;In Mediterranean-type climates crop yield depends strongly on the early development of individual plants. Extreme variations of soil temperature close to the surface of bare soils and fast changes of soil water content due to irregular rainfall and high evaporative demand reduce the success of germination, emergence and early leaf production, reducing crop productivity. According to IPCC Fourth Assesment report, climate change in Southern Europe “is projected to worsen hygrometric and thermal conditions (high temperature and drought) and to reduce water availability” and, consequently, to decrease general crop productivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the thermal conditions in the top soil layer under different climate change scenarios, and their effects on the early development of some representative crops of Mediterranean agriculture (pea, broad bean, maize and sunflower). For this purpose, soil temperatures near the surface of a Luvisol and a Vertisol during the usual sowing season of winter (October) and summer crops (April) were compared to those recorded in the air above ground, to forecast future values. The impact of simulations on the speed, size and dispersion of germination, emergence and early leaf production was estimated using values of bioclimatic parameters of the crops (cardinal temperatures and thermal times for different phases of establishment) found in the literature. In both seasons, monthly mean temperatures at soil top layer were significantly greater (*P<0.05) than those found in the air above ground. However, the relationships between air and top soil temperatures were different in both soils and in both seasons. Summer crops seem to be less affected by an increase in temperature than winter crops. Otherwise, the former seem to be more affected by a decrease in soil water availability than the later. In addition, final emergence, speed of emergence and leaf production of the different species will be more affected by global warming than the dispersion around the most likely thermal times. The magnitude of these effects depends also on the magnitude of warming.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2009Publisher:[s.n.] Authors: Serrano, Diego Machado Carrion;handle: 20.500.12733/1610831
Abstract: Pellets is a solid biofuel that has been fairly used in developed countries of temperate climate. In recent years its consumption has increased for residential heating and electricity and thermal generation in co-firing plants, particularly in Europe, that is worldwide the largest pellets' market. Brazil has good potential to be a supplier in the emerging pellets market due to its forest tradition, adequate weather, land availability and a well-organized forestry segment. Based on the availability of biomass, it can be considered that there are two regions in Brazil that are promising for pellets production from wood waste: the North and South regions, but with a strong advantage of the second due to the supply chain of forest products based on commercial plantations; the production in the North region would suffer severe constraints due to the difficulty in tracking the sources of biomass. The assessment regarding the potential of pellets production for exporting is based on a hypothetical venture aiming at producing woodpellets in Paraná, considering real market conditions and logistics. The results indicate that a pellets plant with capacity to produce 100,000 t of pellets/year, biomass price turning around US$ 19.00/m3, and pellets price at European harbors (CIF value) as ¿ 140 per tonne, would be feasible, with an IRR of 17% or a NPV of US$ 1.7 million at a discount rate of 13%. The two main important factors in the final cost are the shipping cost from Brazil to Europe and the price of the raw material (i.e., its opportunity cost). As expected, the economic feasibility depends on the cost of raw material, as well as on the price paid for the product in European harbors. Resumo: O pellets é um bioenergético de uso relativamente difundido em países desenvolvidos de clima temperado, tendo sido nos últimos anos empregado de forma crescente como fonte de energia em aquecimento residencial e na geração de energia elétrica e térmica, em unidades "co-firing", principalmente na Europa, que é o maior mercado consumidor do produto. Nesse contexto, o Brasil, por possuir vocação florestal devido ao clima, disponibilidade de terras e ter segmento florestal bem estruturado, apresenta potencial para se inserir como supridor nesse mercado. Na elaboração desta dissertação, considerada a disponibilidade de biomassa, duas regiões foram identificadas como as mais promissoras para a produção de pellets a partir dos resíduos de madeira: as regiões Norte e Sul, sendo que a segunda tem significativa vantagem por possuir uma cadeia de produtos florestais fundamentada na silvicultura (florestas plantadas), enquanto na primeira haveria severas restrições devido à dificuldade de rastreamento da origem da biomassa. Foi feita a análise econômica de um empreendimento hipotético voltado à produção de pellets de madeira situado na região Sul do país, sob condições reais de mercado e logística. Os resultados indicam que, para uma planta pelletizadora com capacidade de 100.000 toneladas de pellets/ano, preço da biomassa em torno dos R$ 35,00/m3 e com preços de pellets a granel em porto na Europa (CIF) fixado em 140 ¿/tonelada, o empreendimento é viável, com TIR de 17% e VPL de R$ 3.6 milhões para taxa de desconto de 13%. O custo do frete marítimo é determinante na estrutura de custos, seguido do preço da matéria prima. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica Mestre em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos Orientador: Arnaldo Cesar da Silva Walter Mestrado
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2009Publisher:[s.n.] Authors: Rossi, Raquel Andrade de;handle: 20.500.12733/1610535
Resumo: O bagaço da cana-de-açúcar é considerado uma biomassa lignocelulósica promissora para a produção de etanol, devido a sua composição em açúcares, grande disponibilidade e baixo custo. A levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae, embora apresente atributos ideais para o uso industrial, não é capaz de fermentar alguns açúcares presentes nesta biomassa, como xilose e arabinose (açúcares não convencionais). Assim, é interessante a busca por leveduras em nichos ecológicos onde esses açúcares estão presentes. O Brasil apresenta uma rica biodiversidade, qualificada pela diversidade em: ecossistemas, espécies biológicas e endemismos. Utilizar ecossistemas característicos do território brasileiro como fonte de coleta oferece a oportunidade não só de obter novas espécies, mas também de isolar aquelas capazes de fermentar diferentes substratos. De acordo com o exposto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi de isolar, a partir de amostras de biomas brasileiros, leveduras que apresentassem a habilidade em fermentar alguns açúcares, além da glicose e frutose, especialmente os que compõem o hidrolisado do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar (açúcares não convencionais). Os resultados demonstraram que as linhagens isoladas não apresentaram habilidade em fermentar as principais pentoses (xilose e arabinose) presentes no bagaço da cana-de- açúcar. Contudo, 19 foram capazes de assimilar a xilose, e 12 linhagens, a arabinose. Desta forma, como sugestão, o hidrolisado do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar pode ser utilizado para a produção de biomassa protéica (single cell protein) pelas linhagens que assimilaram xilose e arabinose Abstract: Sugarcane bagasse is considered a promising lignocellulosic biomass for ethanol production, due to its sugar composition, high availability and low price. Although, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has the ideal attributes for industrial use, it is not able to ferment some sugars present in this biomass such as xylose and arabinose (non-convencional sugars). Thus, it is interesting to search for yeasts in ecological niches where these sugars are present. Brazil has a rich biodiversity, qualified for its diversity in: ecosystems, biological species and endemisms. To use the ecosystems characteristics of the Brazilian territory as a source for sample collection offers the opportunity not only to obtain new species, but also to isolate those capable of fermenting diverse substrates. Therefore, the aim of this study was to isolate from samples of Brazilian biomes, yeasts that have the ability to ferment some sugars, besides glucose and fructose, especially those components of the sugarcane bagasse hydrolizate (non-convencional sugars). The results demonstrated that the isolated strains had no ability to ferment the main pentoses (xylose and arabinose) present in sugarcane bagasse. However, 19 strains were able to assimilate xylose, and 12 strains, arabinose. Thus, as suggestion, the sugarcane bagasse hydrolyzate can be used for the production of single cell protein by the strains that assimilate xylose and arabinose Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos Orientador: Lucia Regina Durrant Mestre em Ciência de Alimentos Mestrado
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2013Publisher:[s.n.] Authors: Cervone, Camila Ortolan Fernandes de Oliveira;handle: 20.500.12733/1621452
Resumo: A sustentabilidade dos biocombustíveis é uma questão polêmica, que ganhou grande dimensão desde a segunda metade da década passada. Nesse contexto, biodiversidade é um dos aspectos mais mencionados no debate internacional. Em função das pressões de diferentes segmentos sociais, critérios de sustentabilidade foram definidos e têm condicionado a aplicação de políticas de fomento aos biocombustíveis. Na prática, esquemas de certificação têm sido usados de forma crescente e nada indica que essa tendência seja alterada. Assim, a futura produção de etanol de cana de açúcar no Brasil, e a competitividade da produção nacional em mercados internacionais, estarão condicionadas a que sustentabilidade seja uma realidade, e possa ser comprovada. No Brasil, muito pouco se sabe sobre os impactos da produção de cana, e de etanol, sobre a biodiversidade, e foi isso que motivou esta dissertação. Seu objetivo geral é o entendimento da questão biocombustíveis-biodiversidade, incluindo a identificação do conhecimento existente, das diferentes visões, das aspirações, etc. A análise foi feita com foco na produção de etanol de cana, nas condições brasileiras, e de suas perspectivas. Um dos objetivos específicos foi definido na avaliação dos esquemas de certificação, e como neles a biodiversidade tem sido tratada. Uma das conclusões desta dissertação é que, não só no Brasil, ainda pouco se sabe sobre os impactos dos biocombustíveis sobre a biodiversidade. Segundo, biodiversidade é um tema complexo, que tem várias dimensões, e em um esquema de certificação não se pode ter as mesmas ambições de avaliação e monitoramento de trabalhos científicos. Mais ainda, esquemas de certificação são instrumentos de mercado, e precisam ser definidos tendo-se em mente aspectos condicionantes como a praticidade, os custos, e as responsabilidades que podem ser atribuídas ao agente econômico que é avaliado. Entretanto, em geral os esquemas de certificação de biocombustíveis são mais rigorosos do que os esquemas que tratam de produtos florestais e alimentícios, e estão alinhados com os indicadores recomendados para empresas de energia. De qualquer forma, mecanismos de certificação têm um importante papel a cumprir no fomento às iniciativas, na disseminação de informações e na diferenciação de produtores e produtos. As normas devem ser entendidas como complementares à regulação pública e, dessa forma, podem ser muito úteis. Finalmente, conclui-se que as leis e a regulação do uso da terra no Brasil (e.g., o Código Florestal, o Zoneamento Agroecológico e a definição de Áreas Prioritárias de Conservação) podem ser, desde que adequadamente aplicadas, suficientes para que os potenciais impactos sobre a biodiversidade sejam evitados ou minimizados. Com a legislação existente, e com a pressão do mercado e dos segmentos sociais, a produção de etanol de cana no Brasil tem amplas condições de ser cada vez mais sustentável, de uma forma geral, e menos impactante sobre a biodiversidade, em particular Abstract: The sustainability of biofuels is a controversial issue, which gained large dimension since the second half of last decade. In this context, biodiversity is one of the most mentioned aspects in the international debate. Because of pressure from different social segments, sustainability criteria have been defined and have conditioned the application of policies to promote biofuels. In practice, certification schemes have been increasingly used and there is no indication that this trend will change. Thus, future production of ethanol from sugarcane in Brazil, and the competitiveness of national production in international markets, will depend on the fact that sustainability is a reality, and may be proved. In Brazil, very little is known about the impacts of sugarcane and ethanol production on biodiversity, and that was what motivated this dissertation. Its overall goal is to understand the issue biofuels-biodiversity, including the identification of existing knowledge, the different visions, aspirations, etc. The analysis was focused on the production of ethanol from sugarcane in Brazilian conditions, and perspectives. One of the specific objectives was defined in the assessment of certification schemes, and how biodiversity has been addressed. One of the conclusions of this dissertation is that very little is known about the impacts of biofuels on biodiversity, worldwide. Second, biodiversity is a complex issue that has many dimensions, and through a certification scheme is not possible to assess and monitor biodiversity as in scientific research. Furthermore, certification schemes are market instruments, and must be defined taking into account aspects as practicality, costs, and responsibilities that can be assigned to the economic agent that is certified. However, in general certification schemes of biofuels are stricter than certification schemes of forest and food products, and are aligned with the indicators recommended for energy companies. Anyway, certification mechanisms have an important role to play in fostering initiatives, in disseminating information and on differentiating producers and products. But the standards should be understood as complementary to public regulation, and thus they can be very useful. Finally, a conclusion of this dissertation is that the laws and regulations already available in Brazil regarding land use (e.g., the Forest Code, the Agro-ecologic Zoning and the definition of Priority Areas for Conservation) can be sufficient for avoiding or minimizing the potential impacts over biodiversity but, obviously, depending on their enforcement. With the existing legal and regulatory environment, combined with pressures from the market and from social actors, the sustainability of ethanol production from sugarcane in Brazil can be improved. This can result in even more sustainable production in general, and less impacts over biodiversity, in particular Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica Mestra em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos Orientadores: Arnado Walter, Pita A. Verweij Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos Mestrado
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2012Publisher:[s.n.] Authors: Albuquerque, Teldes Correa;handle: 20.500.12733/1617149
Abstract: The large-scale agricultural production system with intensive use of pesticides has been questioned by not preserving the biodiversity, the soil and the water. In this sense, new alternatives for agricultural production have been studied and implemented aiming at recovering the soil through farming techniques, among which stands out the agroforestry systems (AFS). This research aims to study the recovery of a degraded area through the establishment of an agroforestry system in Catavento farm, located at Indaiatuba county, São Paulo, in order to demonstrate either the economic viability of agroforestry systems for small farmers and the high ecological efficiency of this agricultural practice for recovering degraded environments. The method used in this study is based in: (a) ecosystems assessment using emergy methodology, as proposed by H. T. Odum (1996); (b) species consortium with vegetable succession and nutrients cycling, methodology developed by Ernst Götsch. A data survey has been done on soil covering, existing species and their classifications, as well as the identification of their ecological and economic functions and their life cycles. By applying the mentioned methodologies, a prediction of the agroforestry system behavior and a diagnosis of the dynamic process of ecological restoration have been done, using emergy indicators calculated for one complete cycle of forest recovery (fifty years). The emergy indices obtained were: Transformity (Tr), Renewability (% R), Emergy Yield Ratio (EYR), Emergy Investment Ratio (EIR) and Emergy Exchange Ratio (EER). There were found the following indices: Transformity remains between 8000 and 12000; the initial value of EYR is 2 and then it grows to 6.5, in year 10 and to 13, in year 50; the value of EIR starts at 0.17 and, after 40 years it decreases to 0.10 because the investment is minimum; the value of EER (1.0) at first decreases rapidly (0.2 in year 4) and then decreases slowly (minimum value of 0.1 in 40 years) and then it shows a slight recovery (up to 0.2 years in 50), Renewability starts at 52% and reaches 81% in the third year, then grows slowly up to 93% in 50 years. The annual profit has been calculated for the cases of employer and familiar agricultures. In the employeremployee case, the profitability is negative in the first 4 years; in the year 5, the profit is $550/ha.year, goes to US $ 900/ha in year 6 and reaches a maximum in year 40 (US$ 17.000). For the family managed farm without employees, results are better. The Catavento SAF results are promising and show, besides the recovery of biodiversity, greater valuation of rural activity, with improved socioeconomic conditions for families of small farmers Resumo: A forma de produção da agricultura em larga escala, intensiva em defensivos agrícolas, tem demonstrado ser destrutiva quanto à preservação da biodiversidade e de outros fatores de produção como solo e água. Neste sentido, novas alternativas de produção agrícola têm sido estudadas e aplicadas objetivando a recuperação dos solos, entre as quais se destaca a metodologia de sistemas agroflorestais (SAFs). A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo estudar o processo de recuperação de uma área degradada por meio da implantação de um sistema agroflorestal no Sítio Catavento, localizado no município de Indaiatuba, São Paulo, para evidenciar a viabilidade econômica dos SAFs para pequenos produtores rurais, assim como mostrar a eficiência dessa técnica na recuperação de solo degradado. Foram utilizadas neste trabalho as seguintes ferramentas científicas: (a) metodologia emergética proposta por Howard T. Odum, (b) metodologia de consórcio de espécies com sucessão vegetal e ciclagem de nutrientes desenvolvida por Ernst Götsch. Foram feitos: o levantamento dos dados sobre cobertura do solo, espécies vegetais existentes e a classificação das mesmas, bem como a identificação de suas funções ecológicas e econômicas e seus ciclos de vida. Foi equacionado e calculado o crescimento de cada uma das espécies do sistema agroflorestal. Foi estimado o valor da percolação de água de chuva. Foram obtidos os indicadores emergéticos para um ciclo completo de recuperação florestal (cinquenta anos). Os índices emergéticos calculados foram: Transformidade (Tr), Renovabilidade (%R), Razão de Rendimento Emergético (EYR), Razão de Investimento de Emergia (EIR) e a Razão de Intercâmbio de Emergia (EER). Foram encontrados os seguintes valores: a Transformidade se mantém entre 8000 e 12000, o valor inicial de EYR é 2 e depois cresce (6,5 no ano 10 e 13 no ano 50), EIR inicia com 0,17 e chega aos 40 anos com o valor de 0,10 pois o investimento é mínimo, EER inicia com 1,0 e depois decresce rapidamente (0,2 no ano 4) e a seguir decresce lentamente com o valor mínimo de 0,1 no ano 40 e depois se recupera um pouco (chegando a 0,2 no ano 50) e a Renovabilidade inicia em 52% e chega a 81% no terceiro ano, depois cresce lentamente até atingir 93% no ano 50. O lucro anual foi calculado para o caso da agricultura patronal e da agricultura familar considerando uma área de 1 ha. A patronal tem rentabilidade negativa nos primeiros 4anos, a partir do ano 5 o lucro é US$ 550 / ha.ano, no ano 6 é 900 US$ ha.ano e no ano 40 chega a US$ 17000/ ha.ano. Para o agricultor familiar os resultados são melhores Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos Orientador: Enrique Ortega Rodriguez Doutor em Engenharia de Alimentos Engenharia de Alimentos Doutorado
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2009Publisher:[s.n.] Authors: Ramos, Raquel Fabbri;handle: 20.500.12733/1611293
Abstract: This project aims to analyze the sustainability of territorial management in six (6) State Technical Schools of the State Center of Technological Education Paula Souza (Centro Estadual de Educação Tecnológica Paula Souza), among the thirty-five (35) areas that rely on agricultural activities and education (Agricultural schools). The schools studied were considered as agroecosystems and were analyzed by the valuation methodology adapted from the proposal called mEsMIS (Marco para la Evaluación de Sistemas de Manejo Incorporando Indicadores de Sustentabilidad) or "Framework for the Assessment of Management Systems Incorporating Sustainability Indicators". The sustainability of agroecosystems is related to its ability to maintain production over time, providing economic and social conditions to communities, both in urban and rural areas. These conditions are met when the sustainable development concept is reached, which is still under construction by the world. Consideration was given to sustainability in five dimensions: environmental, economic, political, social and cultural. There were 55 mentioned indicators concerning the environmental dimension, 12 from the economic, 4 from the political, 9 from the social and 7 from the cultural. It was considered that the hypothesis that the indicators selected for the school units studied can be a way to assess the sustainability of their territories and that there is a need for an instrument, whether a management plan or a master plan foran efficient and focused management. The conclusion shows that there is a need to develop strategies for schools to have self-sufficiency in food production, and inputs in the production of biofertilizers and biomass by integrating agricultural production and animal. These are attributes of productivity and autonomy of the environmental dimension of sustainability. The adaptation of the method was efficient to evaluate, in a clipping from the time, the conditions of the agroecosystems and provided evidences of the ways for its sustainability, given by its attributes through indicators plotted. The graphic representations of radar type of qualitative are easy to spot, realizing the limitations, difficulties and advantages of systems with their various peculiarities Resumo: No presente projeto pretende-se a avaliação da sustentabilidade da gestão territorial de seis (6) Escolas Técnicas Estaduais (Etecs) do Centro Estadual de Educação Tecnológica Paula Souza (Centro Paula Souza), dentre as trinta e cinco (35) que contam com áreas para atividades agrícolas e de ensino (Escolas Agrícolas). As escolas estudadas foram consideradas como agroecossistemas e foram analisadas pela metodologia de avaliação adaptada da proposta MESMIS ou "Marco para la Evaluación de Sistemas de Manejo Incorporando Indicadores de Sustentabilidad". A sustentabilidade dos agroecossistemas está relacionada à sua capacidade de manutenção produtiva ao longo do tempo, propiciando condições econômicas e sociais às comunidades, tanto urbanas como rurais. Satisfeitas estas condições, tem-se o desenvolvimento sustentável, conceito ainda em construção. Considerou-se a sustentabilidade em cinco dimensões: ambiental, econômica, política, social e cultural. Foram elencados 55 indicadores da dimensão ambiental, 12 da econômica, 4 da política, 9 da social e 7 da cultural. Inseriu-se a hipótese de que os indicadores selecionados para as unidades escolares estudadas podem representar um instrumento para avaliar a sustentabilidade de seus territórios escolares e de que há a necessidade de um instrumento, seja um plano de manejo ou um plano diretor, para uma gestão eficiente e direcionada. Conclui-se pela necessidade de se estabelecer estratégias para que as escolas tenham auto-suficiência na produção de alimentos, e insumos na produção de biofertilizantes e biomassa, integrando a produção agrícola e a animal. Estes são atributos de produtividade e autonomia da dimensão ambiental da sustentabilidade. A adaptação da metodologia foi eficiente para avaliar, em um recorte do tempo, as condições dos agroecossistemas fornecendo indícios dos caminhos para a sua sustentabilidade, considerando seus atributos por meio de indicadores, representados graficamente. As representações em gráfico tipo radar, de caráter qualitativo, são de fácil visualização, permitindo perceber as limitações, dificuldades e vantagens dos sistemas com as suas várias peculiaridades Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial Orientador: Carlos Roberto Espindola Doutor em Ciências Doutorado
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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2013 PortugalPublisher:Revista de Ciências Agrárias Authors: Lourenço, Maria Ermelinda; Januário, Maria Isabel; Massa, Vitor;doi: 10.19084/rca.16314
Neste trabalho avaliou-se o efeito da data de sementeira nas características de produção e composição em açúcares do sorgo sacarino, em função das quais se estimou o potencial de produção de bioetanol a partir desta cultura. O estudo foi conduzido durante dois anos (2005 e 2006), com a variedade de sorgo sacarino Madhura. A sementeira foi efectuada nas datas de 17 de maio, 31 de maio, 14 de junho e 28 de junho. Na sementeira efectuada a 17 de maio a produção de caules verdes e secos atingiu os valores de 66 e 13,8 t ha-1, respectivamente, as quais foram significativamente superiores às obtidas nas sementeiras de junho. A produção máxima de açúcar naquele mês foi de 4,6 t ha-1, o que corresponde à produção estimada de 2300 L ha-1 de bioetanol. Os resultados alcançados permitem concluir que as datas de sementeira de maio foram as que melhor potenciaram a aptidão do sorgo sacarino como cultura energética, para a produção de bioetanol. Revista de Ciências Agrárias, vol. 36 n.º 3 (2013)
Revista de Ciências ... arrow_drop_down Universidade de Lisboa: Repositório.ULArticle . 2013Data sources: Universidade de Lisboa: Repositório.ULadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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visibility 45visibility views 45 download downloads 14 Powered bymore_vert Revista de Ciências ... arrow_drop_down Universidade de Lisboa: Repositório.ULArticle . 2013Data sources: Universidade de Lisboa: Repositório.ULadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Conference object 2017 PortugalPublisher:APRH, AIH-GP e ISEP. Authors: Novo, M. E.; Henriques, M. J. A.;Climate change is bound to impact the water cycle and water availability, compounding the sustainable management of its quantity and quality. Groundwater is bound to suffer the impacts of climate change, coupled with those of land use changes, population and its lifestyles evolution. Climate change studies normaly have a 50 to 100 years horizon, which is a challenge for decision makers, who usually rely on relatively short therm data and projections to implement their management policies. BINGO Project tries to address this gap, by providing information of climate change impacts, including those of extreme events, on the water cycle for the short-tomedium term. Climate change impacts on groundwater rely on mathematical modeling, using recharge projections obtained from the climate forecasts of the Regional Climate Models set up for Europe. Sea level change is also a component of this analysis and its ensuing impacts of saltwater intrusion on the coastal and estuarine areas of Aluviões do Tejo and Bacia do Tejo-Sado/Margem Esquerda aquifers. 4p DHA/NRE
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Master thesis 2021 PortugalAuthors: Gonçalves, Gabriela Ribeiro da Silva;Relatório de Estágio do Mestrado em Ensino de Geografia no 3º ciclo do Ensino Básico e no Ensino Secundário apresentado à Faculdade de Letras O presente relatório de estágio visa apresentar uma análise e reflexão das atividades letivas e extralectivas ao longo do Estágio Pedagógico Supervisionado, desenvolvido na Escola Secundária Dr.ª Maria Cândida, em Mira, durante o ano letivo 2020/2021. Além disso, pretendo efetuar uma reflexão da aplicação da estratégia didático-pedagógica, neste caso concreto a Aplicação dos Media na Educação Geográfica e Ambiental, caso específico do Jornal aplicado ao tema das Alterações Climáticas. O relatório está dividido em três partes. A primeira parte, onde é feita a descrição geral da escola, acompanhado do enquadramento geográfico, turma, núcleo de estágio e das atividades realizadas ao longo do estágio. A segunda parte, está direcionada para a reflexão teórica e científica associada ao tema da aplicação didática.O tema da componente científica é as Alterações Climáticas e os seus impactos na saúde humana, assim como o surgimento ou ressurgimento de doenças parasitárias na Europa. Na terceira parte é apresentada a estratégia didática, o jornal realizado pelos alunos, acompanhado dos resultados obtidos ao inquérito realizado aos professores do agrupamento e aos alunos sobre o mesmo. Neste capítulo também se encontra uma reflexão sobre o ensino à distância e os impactos na aprendizagem tanto nos professores como alunos. Os objetivos propostos para esta estratégia foram positivos, uma vez que obtive o feedback desejado por parte dos alunos, assim como toda a dedicação na construção do jornal. This internship report aims to present an analysis and reflection of teaching and extralegal activities throughout the Supervised Pedagogical Internship, developed in Escola Secundária Dr. ª Maria Cândida, in Mira, during the school year 2020/2021. In addition, I intend to reflect on the application of didactic-pedagogical strategy, in this specific case the Application of Media in Geographic and Environmental Education, the specific case of the newspaper applied to the theme of Climate Change.The report is divided in three parts. The first part, where the general description of the school is made, accompanied by the geographic framing, class, internship nucleus and the activities carried out throughout the internship. The second part is directed towards the theoretical and scientific reflection associated with the theme of didactic application. The theme of the scientific component is Climate Change and its impacts on human health, as well as the emergence or resurgence of parasitic diseases in Europe.In the third part, the didactic strategy is presented, the newspaper made by the students, accompanied by the results obtained from the survey carried out to the teachers of the grouping and to the students about it. In this chapter there is also a reflection on distance learning and the impacts on learning for both teachers and students. The objectives proposed for this strategy were positive, since I obtained the desired feedback from the students, as well as all the dedication in the construction of the newspaper.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Conference object 2021 PortugalPublisher:Associação Portuguesa de Horticultura Martins, Sandra; Gonçalves, Alexandre; Silva, Ermelinda; Brito, Cátia; Pinto, Luís; Arrobas, Margarida; Rodrigues, M.A.; Nunes, Fernando M.; Correia, Carlos M.;With the advances of climate change, it is expected harmful consequences to olive tree (Olea europaea L.). Therefore, it is necessary to develop cost-effective practices to reduce the vulnerability of olive crops to the adverse impacts of environmental stresses. Rainfed olive trees were sprayed with zeolites, natural crystalline aluminosilicates, and its effects on photosynthetic activity, phenolic composition, antioxidant activity, leaf minerais concentrations, plant growth, yield, and olive oil quality were assessed. Zeolites application enhanced photosynthetic activity, as well the concentrations of N, Mg, Cu, Zn and Mn in leaves, and changed the secondary metabolism, with decrease oftotal phenols, ortho-diphenols and total antioxidant activity, signs of lower oxidative stress. As consequence, zeolites boosted plant growth, crop yield, and size and weight of fruits. The foliar spray did not significantly affect the oil quality indices free acidity, peroxide value and Km and K270 coefficients. This study strongly suggests that folial' zeolites might be an effective strategy to mitigate the adverse environmental conditions. This research was funded by the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Programme PT2020 for financiai support to ClTAB (UIDB/04033/2020), and the Operational Group "Novas práticas em olivais de sequeiro: estratégias de mitigação e adaptação às alterações climáticas" I funded by PT2020 and EAFRD (European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development). Sandra Martins acknowledges the financiai support provided by the FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (PD/BD/135327/2017), under the Doctoral programme "Agricultural Production Chains-from fork to farm". info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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visibility 15visibility views 15 download downloads 9 Powered bymore_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Lecture 2008 PortugalPublisher:ICB Congress Secretariat, 2008 Authors: Andrade, José; Abreu, Francisco;In Mediterranean-type climates crop yield depends strongly on the early development of individual plants. Extreme variations of soil temperature close to the surface of bare soils and fast changes of soil water content due to irregular rainfall and high evaporative demand reduce the success of germination, emergence and early leaf production, reducing crop productivity. According to IPCC Fourth Assesment report, climate change in Southern Europe “is projected to worsen hygrometric and thermal conditions (high temperature and drought) and to reduce water availability” and, consequently, to decrease general crop productivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the thermal conditions in the top soil layer under different climate change scenarios, and their effects on the early development of some representative crops of Mediterranean agriculture (pea, broad bean, maize and sunflower). For this purpose, soil temperatures near the surface of a Luvisol and a Vertisol during the usual sowing season of winter (October) and summer crops (April) were compared to those recorded in the air above ground, to forecast future values. The impact of simulations on the speed, size and dispersion of germination, emergence and early leaf production was estimated using values of bioclimatic parameters of the crops (cardinal temperatures and thermal times for different phases of establishment) found in the literature. In both seasons, monthly mean temperatures at soil top layer were significantly greater (*P<0.05) than those found in the air above ground. However, the relationships between air and top soil temperatures were different in both soils and in both seasons. Summer crops seem to be less affected by an increase in temperature than winter crops. Otherwise, the former seem to be more affected by a decrease in soil water availability than the later. In addition, final emergence, speed of emergence and leaf production of the different species will be more affected by global warming than the dispersion around the most likely thermal times. The magnitude of these effects depends also on the magnitude of warming.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2009Publisher:[s.n.] Authors: Serrano, Diego Machado Carrion;handle: 20.500.12733/1610831
Abstract: Pellets is a solid biofuel that has been fairly used in developed countries of temperate climate. In recent years its consumption has increased for residential heating and electricity and thermal generation in co-firing plants, particularly in Europe, that is worldwide the largest pellets' market. Brazil has good potential to be a supplier in the emerging pellets market due to its forest tradition, adequate weather, land availability and a well-organized forestry segment. Based on the availability of biomass, it can be considered that there are two regions in Brazil that are promising for pellets production from wood waste: the North and South regions, but with a strong advantage of the second due to the supply chain of forest products based on commercial plantations; the production in the North region would suffer severe constraints due to the difficulty in tracking the sources of biomass. The assessment regarding the potential of pellets production for exporting is based on a hypothetical venture aiming at producing woodpellets in Paraná, considering real market conditions and logistics. The results indicate that a pellets plant with capacity to produce 100,000 t of pellets/year, biomass price turning around US$ 19.00/m3, and pellets price at European harbors (CIF value) as ¿ 140 per tonne, would be feasible, with an IRR of 17% or a NPV of US$ 1.7 million at a discount rate of 13%. The two main important factors in the final cost are the shipping cost from Brazil to Europe and the price of the raw material (i.e., its opportunity cost). As expected, the economic feasibility depends on the cost of raw material, as well as on the price paid for the product in European harbors. Resumo: O pellets é um bioenergético de uso relativamente difundido em países desenvolvidos de clima temperado, tendo sido nos últimos anos empregado de forma crescente como fonte de energia em aquecimento residencial e na geração de energia elétrica e térmica, em unidades "co-firing", principalmente na Europa, que é o maior mercado consumidor do produto. Nesse contexto, o Brasil, por possuir vocação florestal devido ao clima, disponibilidade de terras e ter segmento florestal bem estruturado, apresenta potencial para se inserir como supridor nesse mercado. Na elaboração desta dissertação, considerada a disponibilidade de biomassa, duas regiões foram identificadas como as mais promissoras para a produção de pellets a partir dos resíduos de madeira: as regiões Norte e Sul, sendo que a segunda tem significativa vantagem por possuir uma cadeia de produtos florestais fundamentada na silvicultura (florestas plantadas), enquanto na primeira haveria severas restrições devido à dificuldade de rastreamento da origem da biomassa. Foi feita a análise econômica de um empreendimento hipotético voltado à produção de pellets de madeira situado na região Sul do país, sob condições reais de mercado e logística. Os resultados indicam que, para uma planta pelletizadora com capacidade de 100.000 toneladas de pellets/ano, preço da biomassa em torno dos R$ 35,00/m3 e com preços de pellets a granel em porto na Europa (CIF) fixado em 140 ¿/tonelada, o empreendimento é viável, com TIR de 17% e VPL de R$ 3.6 milhões para taxa de desconto de 13%. O custo do frete marítimo é determinante na estrutura de custos, seguido do preço da matéria prima. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica Mestre em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos Orientador: Arnaldo Cesar da Silva Walter Mestrado
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2009Publisher:[s.n.] Authors: Rossi, Raquel Andrade de;handle: 20.500.12733/1610535
Resumo: O bagaço da cana-de-açúcar é considerado uma biomassa lignocelulósica promissora para a produção de etanol, devido a sua composição em açúcares, grande disponibilidade e baixo custo. A levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae, embora apresente atributos ideais para o uso industrial, não é capaz de fermentar alguns açúcares presentes nesta biomassa, como xilose e arabinose (açúcares não convencionais). Assim, é interessante a busca por leveduras em nichos ecológicos onde esses açúcares estão presentes. O Brasil apresenta uma rica biodiversidade, qualificada pela diversidade em: ecossistemas, espécies biológicas e endemismos. Utilizar ecossistemas característicos do território brasileiro como fonte de coleta oferece a oportunidade não só de obter novas espécies, mas também de isolar aquelas capazes de fermentar diferentes substratos. De acordo com o exposto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi de isolar, a partir de amostras de biomas brasileiros, leveduras que apresentassem a habilidade em fermentar alguns açúcares, além da glicose e frutose, especialmente os que compõem o hidrolisado do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar (açúcares não convencionais). Os resultados demonstraram que as linhagens isoladas não apresentaram habilidade em fermentar as principais pentoses (xilose e arabinose) presentes no bagaço da cana-de- açúcar. Contudo, 19 foram capazes de assimilar a xilose, e 12 linhagens, a arabinose. Desta forma, como sugestão, o hidrolisado do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar pode ser utilizado para a produção de biomassa protéica (single cell protein) pelas linhagens que assimilaram xilose e arabinose Abstract: Sugarcane bagasse is considered a promising lignocellulosic biomass for ethanol production, due to its sugar composition, high availability and low price. Although, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has the ideal attributes for industrial use, it is not able to ferment some sugars present in this biomass such as xylose and arabinose (non-convencional sugars). Thus, it is interesting to search for yeasts in ecological niches where these sugars are present. Brazil has a rich biodiversity, qualified for its diversity in: ecosystems, biological species and endemisms. To use the ecosystems characteristics of the Brazilian territory as a source for sample collection offers the opportunity not only to obtain new species, but also to isolate those capable of fermenting diverse substrates. Therefore, the aim of this study was to isolate from samples of Brazilian biomes, yeasts that have the ability to ferment some sugars, besides glucose and fructose, especially those components of the sugarcane bagasse hydrolizate (non-convencional sugars). The results demonstrated that the isolated strains had no ability to ferment the main pentoses (xylose and arabinose) present in sugarcane bagasse. However, 19 strains were able to assimilate xylose, and 12 strains, arabinose. Thus, as suggestion, the sugarcane bagasse hydrolyzate can be used for the production of single cell protein by the strains that assimilate xylose and arabinose Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos Orientador: Lucia Regina Durrant Mestre em Ciência de Alimentos Mestrado
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2013Publisher:[s.n.] Authors: Cervone, Camila Ortolan Fernandes de Oliveira;handle: 20.500.12733/1621452
Resumo: A sustentabilidade dos biocombustíveis é uma questão polêmica, que ganhou grande dimensão desde a segunda metade da década passada. Nesse contexto, biodiversidade é um dos aspectos mais mencionados no debate internacional. Em função das pressões de diferentes segmentos sociais, critérios de sustentabilidade foram definidos e têm condicionado a aplicação de políticas de fomento aos biocombustíveis. Na prática, esquemas de certificação têm sido usados de forma crescente e nada indica que essa tendência seja alterada. Assim, a futura produção de etanol de cana de açúcar no Brasil, e a competitividade da produção nacional em mercados internacionais, estarão condicionadas a que sustentabilidade seja uma realidade, e possa ser comprovada. No Brasil, muito pouco se sabe sobre os impactos da produção de cana, e de etanol, sobre a biodiversidade, e foi isso que motivou esta dissertação. Seu objetivo geral é o entendimento da questão biocombustíveis-biodiversidade, incluindo a identificação do conhecimento existente, das diferentes visões, das aspirações, etc. A análise foi feita com foco na produção de etanol de cana, nas condições brasileiras, e de suas perspectivas. Um dos objetivos específicos foi definido na avaliação dos esquemas de certificação, e como neles a biodiversidade tem sido tratada. Uma das conclusões desta dissertação é que, não só no Brasil, ainda pouco se sabe sobre os impactos dos biocombustíveis sobre a biodiversidade. Segundo, biodiversidade é um tema complexo, que tem várias dimensões, e em um esquema de certificação não se pode ter as mesmas ambições de avaliação e monitoramento de trabalhos científicos. Mais ainda, esquemas de certificação são instrumentos de mercado, e precisam ser definidos tendo-se em mente aspectos condicionantes como a praticidade, os custos, e as responsabilidades que podem ser atribuídas ao agente econômico que é avaliado. Entretanto, em geral os esquemas de certificação de biocombustíveis são mais rigorosos do que os esquemas que tratam de produtos florestais e alimentícios, e estão alinhados com os indicadores recomendados para empresas de energia. De qualquer forma, mecanismos de certificação têm um importante papel a cumprir no fomento às iniciativas, na disseminação de informações e na diferenciação de produtores e produtos. As normas devem ser entendidas como complementares à regulação pública e, dessa forma, podem ser muito úteis. Finalmente, conclui-se que as leis e a regulação do uso da terra no Brasil (e.g., o Código Florestal, o Zoneamento Agroecológico e a definição de Áreas Prioritárias de Conservação) podem ser, desde que adequadamente aplicadas, suficientes para que os potenciais impactos sobre a biodiversidade sejam evitados ou minimizados. Com a legislação existente, e com a pressão do mercado e dos segmentos sociais, a produção de etanol de cana no Brasil tem amplas condições de ser cada vez mais sustentável, de uma forma geral, e menos impactante sobre a biodiversidade, em particular Abstract: The sustainability of biofuels is a controversial issue, which gained large dimension since the second half of last decade. In this context, biodiversity is one of the most mentioned aspects in the international debate. Because of pressure from different social segments, sustainability criteria have been defined and have conditioned the application of policies to promote biofuels. In practice, certification schemes have been increasingly used and there is no indication that this trend will change. Thus, future production of ethanol from sugarcane in Brazil, and the competitiveness of national production in international markets, will depend on the fact that sustainability is a reality, and may be proved. In Brazil, very little is known about the impacts of sugarcane and ethanol production on biodiversity, and that was what motivated this dissertation. Its overall goal is to understand the issue biofuels-biodiversity, including the identification of existing knowledge, the different visions, aspirations, etc. The analysis was focused on the production of ethanol from sugarcane in Brazilian conditions, and perspectives. One of the specific objectives was defined in the assessment of certification schemes, and how biodiversity has been addressed. One of the conclusions of this dissertation is that very little is known about the impacts of biofuels on biodiversity, worldwide. Second, biodiversity is a complex issue that has many dimensions, and through a certification scheme is not possible to assess and monitor biodiversity as in scientific research. Furthermore, certification schemes are market instruments, and must be defined taking into account aspects as practicality, costs, and responsibilities that can be assigned to the economic agent that is certified. However, in general certification schemes of biofuels are stricter than certification schemes of forest and food products, and are aligned with the indicators recommended for energy companies. Anyway, certification mechanisms have an important role to play in fostering initiatives, in disseminating information and on differentiating producers and products. But the standards should be understood as complementary to public regulation, and thus they can be very useful. Finally, a conclusion of this dissertation is that the laws and regulations already available in Brazil regarding land use (e.g., the Forest Code, the Agro-ecologic Zoning and the definition of Priority Areas for Conservation) can be sufficient for avoiding or minimizing the potential impacts over biodiversity but, obviously, depending on their enforcement. With the existing legal and regulatory environment, combined with pressures from the market and from social actors, the sustainability of ethanol production from sugarcane in Brazil can be improved. This can result in even more sustainable production in general, and less impacts over biodiversity, in particular Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica Mestra em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos Orientadores: Arnado Walter, Pita A. Verweij Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos Mestrado
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2012Publisher:[s.n.] Authors: Albuquerque, Teldes Correa;handle: 20.500.12733/1617149
Abstract: The large-scale agricultural production system with intensive use of pesticides has been questioned by not preserving the biodiversity, the soil and the water. In this sense, new alternatives for agricultural production have been studied and implemented aiming at recovering the soil through farming techniques, among which stands out the agroforestry systems (AFS). This research aims to study the recovery of a degraded area through the establishment of an agroforestry system in Catavento farm, located at Indaiatuba county, São Paulo, in order to demonstrate either the economic viability of agroforestry systems for small farmers and the high ecological efficiency of this agricultural practice for recovering degraded environments. The method used in this study is based in: (a) ecosystems assessment using emergy methodology, as proposed by H. T. Odum (1996); (b) species consortium with vegetable succession and nutrients cycling, methodology developed by Ernst Götsch. A data survey has been done on soil covering, existing species and their classifications, as well as the identification of their ecological and economic functions and their life cycles. By applying the mentioned methodologies, a prediction of the agroforestry system behavior and a diagnosis of the dynamic process of ecological restoration have been done, using emergy indicators calculated for one complete cycle of forest recovery (fifty years). The emergy indices obtained were: Transformity (Tr), Renewability (% R), Emergy Yield Ratio (EYR), Emergy Investment Ratio (EIR) and Emergy Exchange Ratio (EER). There were found the following indices: Transformity remains between 8000 and 12000; the initial value of EYR is 2 and then it grows to 6.5, in year 10 and to 13, in year 50; the value of EIR starts at 0.17 and, after 40 years it decreases to 0.10 because the investment is minimum; the value of EER (1.0) at first decreases rapidly (0.2 in year 4) and then decreases slowly (minimum value of 0.1 in 40 years) and then it shows a slight recovery (up to 0.2 years in 50), Renewability starts at 52% and reaches 81% in the third year, then grows slowly up to 93% in 50 years. The annual profit has been calculated for the cases of employer and familiar agricultures. In the employeremployee case, the profitability is negative in the first 4 years; in the year 5, the profit is $550/ha.year, goes to US $ 900/ha in year 6 and reaches a maximum in year 40 (US$ 17.000). For the family managed farm without employees, results are better. The Catavento SAF results are promising and show, besides the recovery of biodiversity, greater valuation of rural activity, with improved socioeconomic conditions for families of small farmers Resumo: A forma de produção da agricultura em larga escala, intensiva em defensivos agrícolas, tem demonstrado ser destrutiva quanto à preservação da biodiversidade e de outros fatores de produção como solo e água. Neste sentido, novas alternativas de produção agrícola têm sido estudadas e aplicadas objetivando a recuperação dos solos, entre as quais se destaca a metodologia de sistemas agroflorestais (SAFs). A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo estudar o processo de recuperação de uma área degradada por meio da implantação de um sistema agroflorestal no Sítio Catavento, localizado no município de Indaiatuba, São Paulo, para evidenciar a viabilidade econômica dos SAFs para pequenos produtores rurais, assim como mostrar a eficiência dessa técnica na recuperação de solo degradado. Foram utilizadas neste trabalho as seguintes ferramentas científicas: (a) metodologia emergética proposta por Howard T. Odum, (b) metodologia de consórcio de espécies com sucessão vegetal e ciclagem de nutrientes desenvolvida por Ernst Götsch. Foram feitos: o levantamento dos dados sobre cobertura do solo, espécies vegetais existentes e a classificação das mesmas, bem como a identificação de suas funções ecológicas e econômicas e seus ciclos de vida. Foi equacionado e calculado o crescimento de cada uma das espécies do sistema agroflorestal. Foi estimado o valor da percolação de água de chuva. Foram obtidos os indicadores emergéticos para um ciclo completo de recuperação florestal (cinquenta anos). Os índices emergéticos calculados foram: Transformidade (Tr), Renovabilidade (%R), Razão de Rendimento Emergético (EYR), Razão de Investimento de Emergia (EIR) e a Razão de Intercâmbio de Emergia (EER). Foram encontrados os seguintes valores: a Transformidade se mantém entre 8000 e 12000, o valor inicial de EYR é 2 e depois cresce (6,5 no ano 10 e 13 no ano 50), EIR inicia com 0,17 e chega aos 40 anos com o valor de 0,10 pois o investimento é mínimo, EER inicia com 1,0 e depois decresce rapidamente (0,2 no ano 4) e a seguir decresce lentamente com o valor mínimo de 0,1 no ano 40 e depois se recupera um pouco (chegando a 0,2 no ano 50) e a Renovabilidade inicia em 52% e chega a 81% no terceiro ano, depois cresce lentamente até atingir 93% no ano 50. O lucro anual foi calculado para o caso da agricultura patronal e da agricultura familar considerando uma área de 1 ha. A patronal tem rentabilidade negativa nos primeiros 4anos, a partir do ano 5 o lucro é US$ 550 / ha.ano, no ano 6 é 900 US$ ha.ano e no ano 40 chega a US$ 17000/ ha.ano. Para o agricultor familiar os resultados são melhores Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos Orientador: Enrique Ortega Rodriguez Doutor em Engenharia de Alimentos Engenharia de Alimentos Doutorado
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2009Publisher:[s.n.] Authors: Ramos, Raquel Fabbri;handle: 20.500.12733/1611293
Abstract: This project aims to analyze the sustainability of territorial management in six (6) State Technical Schools of the State Center of Technological Education Paula Souza (Centro Estadual de Educação Tecnológica Paula Souza), among the thirty-five (35) areas that rely on agricultural activities and education (Agricultural schools). The schools studied were considered as agroecosystems and were analyzed by the valuation methodology adapted from the proposal called mEsMIS (Marco para la Evaluación de Sistemas de Manejo Incorporando Indicadores de Sustentabilidad) or "Framework for the Assessment of Management Systems Incorporating Sustainability Indicators". The sustainability of agroecosystems is related to its ability to maintain production over time, providing economic and social conditions to communities, both in urban and rural areas. These conditions are met when the sustainable development concept is reached, which is still under construction by the world. Consideration was given to sustainability in five dimensions: environmental, economic, political, social and cultural. There were 55 mentioned indicators concerning the environmental dimension, 12 from the economic, 4 from the political, 9 from the social and 7 from the cultural. It was considered that the hypothesis that the indicators selected for the school units studied can be a way to assess the sustainability of their territories and that there is a need for an instrument, whether a management plan or a master plan foran efficient and focused management. The conclusion shows that there is a need to develop strategies for schools to have self-sufficiency in food production, and inputs in the production of biofertilizers and biomass by integrating agricultural production and animal. These are attributes of productivity and autonomy of the environmental dimension of sustainability. The adaptation of the method was efficient to evaluate, in a clipping from the time, the conditions of the agroecosystems and provided evidences of the ways for its sustainability, given by its attributes through indicators plotted. The graphic representations of radar type of qualitative are easy to spot, realizing the limitations, difficulties and advantages of systems with their various peculiarities Resumo: No presente projeto pretende-se a avaliação da sustentabilidade da gestão territorial de seis (6) Escolas Técnicas Estaduais (Etecs) do Centro Estadual de Educação Tecnológica Paula Souza (Centro Paula Souza), dentre as trinta e cinco (35) que contam com áreas para atividades agrícolas e de ensino (Escolas Agrícolas). As escolas estudadas foram consideradas como agroecossistemas e foram analisadas pela metodologia de avaliação adaptada da proposta MESMIS ou "Marco para la Evaluación de Sistemas de Manejo Incorporando Indicadores de Sustentabilidad". A sustentabilidade dos agroecossistemas está relacionada à sua capacidade de manutenção produtiva ao longo do tempo, propiciando condições econômicas e sociais às comunidades, tanto urbanas como rurais. Satisfeitas estas condições, tem-se o desenvolvimento sustentável, conceito ainda em construção. Considerou-se a sustentabilidade em cinco dimensões: ambiental, econômica, política, social e cultural. Foram elencados 55 indicadores da dimensão ambiental, 12 da econômica, 4 da política, 9 da social e 7 da cultural. Inseriu-se a hipótese de que os indicadores selecionados para as unidades escolares estudadas podem representar um instrumento para avaliar a sustentabilidade de seus territórios escolares e de que há a necessidade de um instrumento, seja um plano de manejo ou um plano diretor, para uma gestão eficiente e direcionada. Conclui-se pela necessidade de se estabelecer estratégias para que as escolas tenham auto-suficiência na produção de alimentos, e insumos na produção de biofertilizantes e biomassa, integrando a produção agrícola e a animal. Estes são atributos de produtividade e autonomia da dimensão ambiental da sustentabilidade. A adaptação da metodologia foi eficiente para avaliar, em um recorte do tempo, as condições dos agroecossistemas fornecendo indícios dos caminhos para a sua sustentabilidade, considerando seus atributos por meio de indicadores, representados graficamente. As representações em gráfico tipo radar, de caráter qualitativo, são de fácil visualização, permitindo perceber as limitações, dificuldades e vantagens dos sistemas com as suas várias peculiaridades Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial Orientador: Carlos Roberto Espindola Doutor em Ciências Doutorado
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