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  • University of Piraeus: Dione

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    Η ραγδαία άνοδος του ηλεκτρονικού εμπορίου φέρνει παράλληλη αύξηση των αρνητικών περιβαλλοντικών του επιπτώσεων. Για κάθε συσκευασία που αποστέλλεται, υπάρχουν ορατές περιβαλλοντικές επιπτώσεις (όπως ένα κουτί από χαρτόνι για ανακύκλωση ή μια πλαστική συσκευασία για απόρριψη) και ένα αόρατο αποτύπωμα (όπως το διοξείδιο του άνθρακα που εκπέμπεται κατά τη μεταφορά και την παράδοση). Αυτή η διπλωματική εργασία, εξετάζει την εξέλιξη του ηλεκτρονικού εμπορίου παράλληλα με την ραγδαία αύξηση του διαδικτύου καθώς και τις διαστάσεις της βιωσιμότητας του και τις αρνητικές περιβαλλοντικές επιπτώσεις που προκύπτουν. Ο πρωταρχικός στόχος της διπλωματικής είναι να αναδείξει το μείζων ζήτημα των συσκευασιών του ηλεκτρονικού εμπορίου. Πραγματοποιήθηκε συστηματική αναζήτηση για τον εντοπισμό επιστημονικών άρθρων και εργασιών που ασχολούνται με τη βιωσιμότητα του ηλεκτρονικού εμπορίου καθώς και για τη βιωσιμότητα στις συσκευασίες του ηλεκτρονικού εμπορίου, προκειμένου να κατανοηθούν καλύτερα οι αλλαγές στα υλικά και οι μορφές και να εντοπιστούν τα προβλήματα όπως η υπερσυσκευασία και η χρήση μη φιλικών προς το περιβάλλον υλικών. Ορισμένα προϊόντα συσκευασίας συνεχίζουν να κατασκευάζονται από μη ανανεώσιμα υλικά και έτσι περιορίζουν την ανάπτυξη του ηλεκτρονικού εμπορίου. Απαιτείται περαιτέρω έρευνα με σκοπό την παραγωγή νέων συσκευασιών από φιλικά προς το περιβάλλον υλικά, καθώς και παραγωγή συσκευασιών οι οποίες να είναι παράλληλα και ανθεκτικές, με σκοπό την αντοχή στον χρόνο ώστε να γίνετε επαναχρησιμοποίηση. Παράλληλα χρειάζεται και η ενημέρωση τον καταναλωτών σχετικά με την βιώσιμη συσκευασία, γ’ αυτόν τον σκοπό στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία, δημιουργήθηκε ερευνητικό ερωτηματολόγιο με στόχο την μελέτη αντίληψης των καταναλωτών σχετικά με την βιώσιμη συσκευασία και τον τρόπο διαχείρισης αυτών. Η βελτίωση των διαδικασιών διανομής με νέα, πιο αποτελεσματικά εργαλεία θα μπορούσε επιπλέον να συμβάλει στην άμβλυνση των περιβαλλοντικών επιπτώσεων των συσκευασιών.

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    Dione (Διώνη)
    Master thesis . 2023
    License: CC BY NC ND
    Data sources: Dione (Διώνη)
    https://dx.doi.org/10.26267/un...
    Master thesis . 2023
    License: CC BY NC ND
    Data sources: Datacite
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      Dione (Διώνη)
      Master thesis . 2023
      License: CC BY NC ND
      Data sources: Dione (Διώνη)
      https://dx.doi.org/10.26267/un...
      Master thesis . 2023
      License: CC BY NC ND
      Data sources: Datacite
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  • This study addresses the issue of the need for the protection of marine resources by humanity as a whole. The report, therefore, provides a critical bibliographic review, combining sources and reports from the international literature and examining the main implications of water pollution, lack of policies to protect marine life and, consequently, climate change on the planet and humanity. Also, one of the main questions addressed in this essay is what the comparison between the literature review findings and the quantitative data can reveal about the severity of the problem. The main conclusion that emerges is that the phenomenon of overfishing, intense industrialization as well as the rejection of plastics and chemicals in water volumes causes health problems, social problems and environmental problems, not only in coastal areas but also in all of humanity. However, it is also found that the international organizations as well as the private sector along with the local communities invest at tackling the problems related to climate change and ocean economy sustainability. In fact, it is underlined that the cooperation between the smaller local groups and the larger institutions is vital for the success of the global efforts to reduce climate change and increase marine protection.

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  • Authors: Sfakaki, Dafni Eleni;

    The main objective of the master thesis is to highlight the significant importance of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The master thesis is a qualitative research consisted of two parts. In the first part, an in depth analysis of the theoretical framework is provided. Moreover, we explore how the examined concept can serve the needs and expectation of society. The second part refers to the case study of Hellenic Petroleum (HELPE) that has the leading position on the Greek energy market. In addition to that, we seek to examine how HELPE integrates CSR into its strategy so as to preserve its leading position. All in all, we argue that CSR concept, which is still under process, confers added benefits towards the company that engages in it and the society at large.

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  • Authors: Stathis, Antonios;

    Η εργασία αναλαμβάνει να εξετάσει τον τρόπο που λαμβάνονται αποφάσεις σε εγκαταστάσεις παραγωγής πυρηνικής ενέργειας και πως διαχειρίζονται τα ρίσκα που αντιμετωπίζουν σε καθημερινή βάση. Εξετάζονται οι περιπτώσεις του δυστυχήματος του Chernobyl, του δυστυχήματος του Fukushima Daiichi και του ατυχήματος του Three Mile Island, καθώς επίσης και το σενάριο της ταινίας The China Syndrome το οποίο κινείται στα πλαίσια του εφικτού. ; The thesis undertakes to examine how decisions are made at nuclear power plants and how they manage the risks they face on a daily basis. The cases of the Chernobyl disaster, the Fukushima Daiichi disaster and the Three Mile Island accident are examined, as well as the scenario of the movie The China Syndrome which moves within the possible.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία παρουσίαζει το New Green Deal, καθώς κι την ενεργειακή μετάβαση των λιμανιών σε μία νέα εποχή με απώτερο σκοπό τον εκσυγχρονισμό των λιμένων αλλά και την ενεργειακή απεξάρτηση τους από παραδοσιακές πηγές καυσίμων, οι οποίες ρυπαίνουν το περιβάλλον και προκαλούν οικολογικές καταστροφές σε μακροπρόθεσμο ορίζοντα. Το New Green Deal βάζει στόχο την μείωση των ρύπων, την αλλαγή καυσίμων σε όλες των ειδών τις μεταφορές. (Λιμενικές, Αέρος και Στεριάς), αφού η Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση μέσω των στρατηγικών της για την βιοποικιλότητα και το περιβάλλον, αναγκάζει όλα τα μέρη του συστήματος να εναρμονιστούν και να συνεργαστούν. Χαρακτηριστικά παραδείγματα είναι ο λιμένας του Ρότερνταμ, του Αμστερνταμ και της Αμβέρσας. Ως προς την μελέτη περίπτωσης του λιμανιού της Ραφήνας, η έρευνα έχει πραγματοποιηθεί μέσω ερωτηματολογίου που μας παραχώρησε το Εργαστήριο Ολοκληρωμένης Λιμενικής Διαχείρισης, στο οποίο προσμετρούνται όλοι οι παράγοντες για την αναβάθμιση αυτού σε σχέση με τις Λιμενικές υπηρεσίες του, τους εργαζόμενους του, αλλά και την περιβαλλοντική διαχείριση των θαλασσίων και ξηρών περιοχών του λιμένα. This master thesis presents the New Green Deal, as well as the energy transition of the ports to a new era with the ultimate goal of modernizing the ports and their energy independence from traditional fuel sources, which pollute the environment and cause ecological disasters in the long term horizon. The New Green Deal aims to reduce pollution, change fuels in all types of transport. (Ports, Air and Land), since the European Union, through its strategies for biodiversity and the environment, forces all parts of the system to harmonize and cooperate. Typical examples are the port of Rotterdam, Amsterdam, and Antwerp. Regarding the case study of the port of Rafina, the research has been carried out through a questionnaire provided to us by the Laboratory of Integrated Port Management, in which all the factors for upgrading it in relation to its port services, its employees, but also the environmental management of the sea and dry areas of the port.

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    Dione (Διώνη)
    Master thesis . 2022
    License: CC BY NC ND
    Data sources: Dione (Διώνη)
    https://dx.doi.org/10.26267/un...
    Master thesis . 2022
    License: CC BY NC ND
    Data sources: Datacite
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      Dione (Διώνη)
      Master thesis . 2022
      License: CC BY NC ND
      Data sources: Dione (Διώνη)
      https://dx.doi.org/10.26267/un...
      Master thesis . 2022
      License: CC BY NC ND
      Data sources: Datacite
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Vanikiotis, Spilios;

    Over the years, islands have become overly dependent and vulnerable to traditional energy lines. Great importance has to be laid down to their energy resources to help them achieve sustainability and energy independence, constituting them self-sufficient. Thus, islands become part of the European energy transition and the zero-emissions EU initiative until 2050. As a consequence of the environmentally friendly directives of the EU, the traditional centralized energy production facilities are gradually being replaced with distributed, heterogeneous, multidirectional, and smart energy systems. Often serve as ‘‘test subjects’’ for new technologies and their performance. As a key figure, the European Commission, encourages research and innovation in the energy field. States and industrial actors have identified islands as key energy transition sites because their distinctive isolation characterizes them compared to main-lands. Therefore, energy routes are to be made to facilitate their needs. Also, these islands can easily, with the available technology, abstain from the traditional production of energy from fossil fuel to emission-free renewable energy sources that could include hybrid models of energy production. The energy transitions should actively work to anchor initiatives solving additionally local concerns and localized issues. Many Islands of the EU, despite having access to renewable sources of energy, still depend on expensive fossil fuel imports for their energy supply. The European Commission has launched the ‘‘Clean Energy for EU Islands Initiative’’ as part of the ‘‘Clean Energy for all Europeans’’ package. One of the primary instruments of this initiative is the European Islands Facility (NESOI), which aims to create through innovation and subsidies clean energy projects across the EU islands. Plentiful projects are already underway in the EU and Greece, including the Astypalea project of Volkswagen, the Tilos project, the ESBØ project in Norway and Sweden, and older projects such as the Samsø project in the Netherlands and the El Hierro in Spain, which are some of the many innovative projects that led the way in R&D for establishing independent islands. Nevertheless, are these projects sustainable and energy-wise secure? Do they hold geopolitical importance for Greece? What legal aspects could an energy contract of this magnitude entail? There are many questions around the subject of energy islands that are to be answered in a theoretical way to depict the importance of governance, the legal dimension of energy security, while assessing the factor of energy sustainability and evaluating the legal environment of these pioneering projects via the use of various indexes. Most importantly, are the EU projects equivalent to other initiatives worldwide, such as Hawaii and Maldives, or does the Union need to reconsider and recalibrate them, especially due to the Covid-19 pandemic and its’ economic stagnation? Where should the weight be shifted, and how energy exploitation contracts can be sustainable and durable under almost any circumstances?

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    Dione (Διώνη)
    Master thesis . 2022
    License: CC BY NC ND
    Data sources: Dione (Διώνη)
    https://dx.doi.org/10.26267/un...
    Master thesis . 2022
    License: CC BY NC ND
    Data sources: Datacite
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      Dione (Διώνη)
      Master thesis . 2022
      License: CC BY NC ND
      Data sources: Dione (Διώνη)
      https://dx.doi.org/10.26267/un...
      Master thesis . 2022
      License: CC BY NC ND
      Data sources: Datacite
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    Authors: Koumniotis, Konstantinos;

    Due to climate change the International Maritime Organization (ΙΜΟ) has set limits to the shipping sector in order for emissions to be mitigated. The marine industry will see a quick energy and technology shift that would have a greater influence on asset values, earning capacity and costs than previous transitions. Shipowners are already under increasing pressure to minimize marine transportation’s greenhouse gas footprint. The use of an alternative fuel seems to be a strong solution so as to achieve the sustainable targets of the Paris Agreement. This thesis evaluates the potential of ammonia as a marine fuel, a promising energy carrier and carbon free combustible fuel, in comparison with other alternative fuels like Hydrogen, Methane, LNG, LPG, Bio-Fuels and Batteries. It also uses multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to solve serious shipowners concerns. In addition, it takes into account all the aspects of ammonia as a hydrogen carrier, as well as the relevant legislation and rules, port infrastructure, cost and environmental efficiencies, technological maturity and scalability. The findings of this thesis suggest that various alternative fuels have potential, but more research is needed before definite conclusions can be drawn about ammonia’s potential as an alternative marine fuel.

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    Master thesis . 2022
    License: CC BY NC ND
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      Dione (Διώνη)
      Master thesis . 2022
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    Η βιωσιµότητα στις µέρες µας , είναι το πλέον επίκαιρο θέµα συζήτησης. Ο τρόπος µε τον οποίο η κοινωνία θα αναπτυχθεί και θα αναπτύσσεται, χωρίς να επιβαρύνει το περιβάλλον στο οποίο ζούµε, είναι βασικό πρόβληµα προς λύση. Τα βασικά εργαλεία µας σε αυτή τη λύση, είναι η κυκλική οικονοµία και οι στόχοι βιωσιµότητας. Για να φτάσουµε , όµως, στο επιθυµητό αποτέλεσµα, θα πρέπει όλοι να συνειδητοποιήσουµε την σηµαντικότητα της βιώσιµης ανάπτυξης. Έτσι, ο πρωταρχικός στόχος είναι η εκπαίδευση των πολιτών. Στην συγκεκριµένη διπλωµατική εργασία, θα ερευνηθεί η δηµιουργία ενός ενεργειακά αυτόνοµου πάρκου, µε απώτερο στόχο την εκπαίδευση ως προς τη βιωσιµότητα, την ανακύκλωση, τις εναλλακτικές πηγές ενέργειας αλλά και την περιβαλλοντική συνείδηση. Αρχικά, θα εξεταστεί θεωρητικά η δηµιουργία ενός τέτοιου πάρκου, αφού γίνεται λεπτοµερής αναφορά στη σηµαντικότητα του εγχειρήµατος για την κοινωνία και την βιωσιµότητα. Στο θεωρητικό κοµµάτι παρατίθενται βασικές έννοιες, όπως βιωσιµότητα και κυκλική οικονοµία, σε ποιο επίπεδο βρίσκεται ο υπόλοιπος κόσµος ως προς αυτές τις έννοιες αλλά και που βρίσκεται η χώρα µας αυτή τη στιγµή. Στη συνέχεια, θα παρουσιαστεί πρακτικά το όλο εγχείρηµα, αφού περιγράφονται αναλυτικά τα συστατικά στοιχεία του πάρκου, ο ρόλος τους, τα οικονοµικά στοιχεία, καθώς και στοιχεία όπως η τοποθεσία και η έκτασή του. Το δεύτερο µέρος της εργασίας, εµπεριέχει το ερωτηµατολόγιο πάνω στο οποίο πραγµατοποιείται οικονοµετρική ανάλυση, σχετικά µε την κατανόηση του όρου βιωσιµότητα από τους πολίτες, την αποδοχή ενός τέτοιου πάρκου αλλά και την διάθεση των πολιτών να στηρίξουν τον σκοπό της δηµιουργίας του. Τα δεδοµένα αυτά ερευνώνται µέσω οικονοµετρικού µοντέλου(STATA) και στη συνέχεια αποτυπώνονται τα αποτελέσµατα της παλινδρόµησης. Λέξεις κλειδιά: Βιωσιµότητα, κυκλική οικονοµία, ανανεώσιµες πηγές ενέργειας, ενεργειακό πάρκο, πάρκο, στόχοι βιώσιµης ανάπτυξης. ; Sustainability nowadays is the most topical issue. The way in which society will grow and develop, without burdening the environment in which we live, is a key problem to be solved. Our key tools in this solution are the circular economy and sustainability goals. But to achieve the desired result, we must all realize the importance of sustainable development. Thus, the primary goal is the education of citizens. In this dissertation, the creation of an energy autonomous park will be researched, with the ultimate goal of education in terms of sustainability, recycling, alternative energy sources and environmental awareness. Initially, the creation of such a park will be theoretically examined, after a detailed reference is made to the importance of the project for society and sustainability. The theoretical part lists basic concepts, such as sustainability and circular economy, at what level is the rest of the world in terms of these concepts and where our country is at the moment. Then, the whole project will be presented practically, since the components of the park, their role, the financial data, as well as data such as its location and area are described in detail. The second part of the work contains the questionnaire on which an econometric analysis is performed, regarding the understanding of the term sustainability by the citizens, the acceptance of such a park but also the willingness of the citizens to support the purpose of its creation. These data are investigated using an econometric model (STATA) and then the results of the regression are recorded

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  • Η καινοτομία είναι ένας καθοριστικός παράγοντας για την ανταγωνιστική θέση μιας χώρας στις διεθνείς αγορές και αποτελεί ισχυρό μοχλό για μακροπρόθεσμη οικονομική ανάπτυξη. Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή αποτελείται από τρία δοκίμια τα οποία αναλύουν το ρόλο της καινοτομίας στην απόδοση της επιχείρησης καθώς και την επίδραση των ελέγχων κεφαλαίου στην ικανότητα των επιχειρήσεων να χρηματοδοτούν σημαντικά έργα καινοτομίας. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, το πρώτο δοκίμιο ερευνά την επίδραση της καινοτομίας και της αναγνωσιμότητας των επιχειρήσεων, μέσω των εμπορικών σημάτων στην μακροβιότητα της επιχείρησης και στην τιμολόγηση κατά την διαδικασία εισαγωγής στο χρηματιστήριο. Υποστηρίζεται ότι η δραστηριότητα των εμπορικών σημάτων είναι πιο πιθανό να αυξήσει την υποτιμολόγηση της τιμής πρώτης προσφοράς στις επιχειρήσεις που ανήκουν στους κλάδους υπηρεσιών, ενώ είναι λιγότερο ή καθόλου πιθανό να αυξήσει την υποτιμολόγηση στις επιχειρήσεις που ανήκουν σε βιομηχανικούς κλάδους. Με βάση ένα δείγμα που αποτελείται από 2.275 αμερικάνικες εισαχθείσες επιχειρήσεις από το 1997 έως το 2016 καταλήγουμε ότι η παρουσία των εμπορικών σημάτων στο χαρτοφυλάκιο μιας επιχείρησης αυξάνει κατά μέσο όρο την υποτιμολόγιση κατά την διαδικασία εισαγωγής τους στο χρηματιστήριο. Το δεύτερο δοκίμιο επεκτείνει την ανάλυση εξετάζοντας την επίδραση της δημοσιοποίησης της πληροφόρησης για τη βιωσιμότητα μιας επιχείρησης, σχετικά με την υποτιμολόγηση της τιμής των μετοχών πριν από την αρχική δημόσια προσφορά. Ιδιαίτερα, διερευνά τον αντίκτυπο της πληροφόρησης που αφορά την περιβαλλοντική, κοινωνική και εταιρική διακυβέρνηση (βιωσιμότητα) στην αποτίμηση, στη χρηματοδότηση, στην απόδοση και την μακροβιότητα της επιχείρησης. Γίνεται η υπόθεση ότι η βιωσιμότητα των επιχειρήσεων λειτουργεί ως εργαλείο άμβλυνσης του κινδύνου, μειώνοντας το πρόβλημα της ασύμμετρης πληροφόρησης. Τα ευρήματα, χρησιμοποιώντας ένα δείγμα από 854 αμερικάνικες επιχειρήσεις με IPO από το 2008 έως το 2017, υποστηρίζουν ότι οι επιχειρήσεις που αποκαλύπτουν πληροφορίες σχετικά με την βιωσιμότητα τους αντλούν κεφάλαια κατά μέσο όρο, με καλύτερους όρους και είναι ποιο πιθανό να παραμείνουν εισηγμένες για μεγαλύτερο χρονικό διάστημα. Τέλος το τρίτο δοκίμιο μελετάει τους περιορισμούς της καινοτομίας. Όπως αναφερθήκαμε στα προηγούμενα δοκίμια, η καινοτομία είναι σημαντική για την απόδοση των επιχειρήσεων. Παρόλα αυτά, οι επιχειρήσεις υπό την παρουσία των περιορισμών κεφαλαίου ενδέχεται να αντιμετωπίσουν δυσκολίες στην πραγματοποίηση δραστηριότητας καινοτομίας. Επομένως το τρίτο δοκίμιο μελετά το ρόλο των κεφαλαιακών περιορισμών και των χρηματοοικονομικών εργαλείων στην διαμόρφωση της καινοτομίας. Για να ξεπεραστούν οι επιπτώσεις των ελέγχων κεφαλαίου στην έρευνα και ανάπτυξη χρησιμοποιείται ένα νέο σύνολο δεδομένων που διαφοροποιεί τον έλεγχο των εισροών και των εκροών καθώς και μεταξύ των κατηγοριών των περιουσιακών στοιχείων για 54 ανεπτυγμένες και αναπτυσσόμενες οικονομίες κατά την περίοδο 1995 – 2013. Τα ευρήματα δείχνουν σαφώς ότι οι έλεγχοι κεφαλαίου είναι επιβλαβείς για την δραστηριότητα της έρευνας και ανάπτυξης. Ωστόσο, η συνολική τους επίδραση μπορεί να ποικίλει ανάλογα με το επίπεδο της χρηματοπιστωτικής ανάπτυξης και τεχνολογίας μιας χώρας. Το υψηλό επίπεδο ανάπτυξης του χρηματοπιστωτικού τομέα εξομαλύνει ορισμένες από τις αρνητικές επιπτώσεις των περιορισμών κεφαλαίου στη έρευνα και ανάπτυξη ενώ οι χώρες με προσανατολισμό τις εξαγωγές σε προϊόντα υψηλής τεχνολογίας θα μπορούσαν να είναι ποιο ευαίσθητες σε περιορισμούς κεφαλαίου. Συνολικά, οι έλεγχοι κεφαλαίου επηρεάζουν αρνητικά τις περισσότερο προηγμένες τεχνολογικά οικονομίες με λιγότερο αναπτυγμένο χρηματοπιστωτικό σύστημα. Τέλος , η επιλογή του κατά πόσο οι έλεγχοι θα πρέπει να επιβάλλονται στις εισροές ή στις εκροές κεφαλαίων μπορεί επίσης να έχει διαφορετικές επιπτώσεις στη δραστηριότητα της καινοτομίας. Ιδιαίτερα, οι περιορισμοί στην χρηματοδότηση και στην εμπορική πίστωση είναι μακράν οι πιο επιβλαβείς. ; Innovation is a crucial factor for a country’s competitive position in international markets and a powerful driver for long-run economic growth. The present Thesis comprises of three essays that analyze the role of innovation and sustainability of in firms’ financial performance as well as the effect of capital restrictions on firms’ ability to finance their innovation projects. More specifically, the first essay investigates the role of innovation performance and firms’ recognilability through trademarks in firm’s longevity and IPO underpricing. Based on a sample of 2,275 US IPOs from 1997-2016 the findings that on average the presence of trademarks in a firm’s portfolio increases underpricing, post IPO performance and longevity. The second essay proceeds further by examining the effect of disclosing sustainability information about the environmental, social and governance practices of firms before their IPO on underpricing as well as their post IPO performance. The core statement of the analysis is that sustainability acts as risk mitigation mechanism by reducing asymmetric information. Using a sample of 854 US IPOs from 2008-2017, the findings support that firms which disclose sustainability information on average face less underpricing and is more likely to remain listed in the stock market for longer. Finally, the third easy looks at the constraints of innovation instead. As discussed in previous essays, innovation is important for firms’ performance. However, in presence of capital restrictions firms may face difficulties in performing substantial innovation activity. The third essay, therefore, studies the role of financial restrictions in shaping innovation activity. To unfold the effects of capital controls on R&D, uses a new data set that differentiates between controls on inflows and on outflows as well as among asset categories for 54 developed and developing economies over the period 1995-2013. The findings clearly demonstrate that capital controls are detrimental for R&D activity; however, their overall effect may vary depending on the level of financial development and technology of a country. High level of development in the financial sector smooths out some of the adverse effects of capital restrictions on R&D, while countries with high-tech export orientation could be more sensitive to capital restrictions. Overall, capital controls affect more negatively technologically advanced economies with less developed financial markets. Finally, the choice on whether controls should be imposed on capital inflows or outflows may also have different implications on the innovation activity. Particularly, restrictions on money market and commercial credit are by far the most damaging for innovation.

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    Authors: Panov, Angelcho;

    In this master's thesis, three different aspects of geothermal energy are presented. Digging, electricity generation, and policies of geothermal-rich countries. First, a general geological overview of the world is presented, followed by information on geothermal drilling techniques and available technology. It explains the basic elements of digging, such as drilling rigs, types of drilling bits, and types and performances of drilling pipes. It later explained the impacts of geothermal energy on the energy policies of states, i.e., the use of electricity as a diplomatic tool and as a substitute for fossil fuels; electricity production; as well as more sophisticated binary cycle variants and EGS systems. Here, a new geopolitical picture is presented, along with new international partnerships between geothermal-rich nations. Later, the inter-state relations related to geothermal energy were described to finally give the total world capacity of geothermal energy and the policies of the states towards it.

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    Dione (Διώνη)
    Master thesis . 2023
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      Dione (Διώνη)
      Master thesis . 2023
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    Η ραγδαία άνοδος του ηλεκτρονικού εμπορίου φέρνει παράλληλη αύξηση των αρνητικών περιβαλλοντικών του επιπτώσεων. Για κάθε συσκευασία που αποστέλλεται, υπάρχουν ορατές περιβαλλοντικές επιπτώσεις (όπως ένα κουτί από χαρτόνι για ανακύκλωση ή μια πλαστική συσκευασία για απόρριψη) και ένα αόρατο αποτύπωμα (όπως το διοξείδιο του άνθρακα που εκπέμπεται κατά τη μεταφορά και την παράδοση). Αυτή η διπλωματική εργασία, εξετάζει την εξέλιξη του ηλεκτρονικού εμπορίου παράλληλα με την ραγδαία αύξηση του διαδικτύου καθώς και τις διαστάσεις της βιωσιμότητας του και τις αρνητικές περιβαλλοντικές επιπτώσεις που προκύπτουν. Ο πρωταρχικός στόχος της διπλωματικής είναι να αναδείξει το μείζων ζήτημα των συσκευασιών του ηλεκτρονικού εμπορίου. Πραγματοποιήθηκε συστηματική αναζήτηση για τον εντοπισμό επιστημονικών άρθρων και εργασιών που ασχολούνται με τη βιωσιμότητα του ηλεκτρονικού εμπορίου καθώς και για τη βιωσιμότητα στις συσκευασίες του ηλεκτρονικού εμπορίου, προκειμένου να κατανοηθούν καλύτερα οι αλλαγές στα υλικά και οι μορφές και να εντοπιστούν τα προβλήματα όπως η υπερσυσκευασία και η χρήση μη φιλικών προς το περιβάλλον υλικών. Ορισμένα προϊόντα συσκευασίας συνεχίζουν να κατασκευάζονται από μη ανανεώσιμα υλικά και έτσι περιορίζουν την ανάπτυξη του ηλεκτρονικού εμπορίου. Απαιτείται περαιτέρω έρευνα με σκοπό την παραγωγή νέων συσκευασιών από φιλικά προς το περιβάλλον υλικά, καθώς και παραγωγή συσκευασιών οι οποίες να είναι παράλληλα και ανθεκτικές, με σκοπό την αντοχή στον χρόνο ώστε να γίνετε επαναχρησιμοποίηση. Παράλληλα χρειάζεται και η ενημέρωση τον καταναλωτών σχετικά με την βιώσιμη συσκευασία, γ’ αυτόν τον σκοπό στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία, δημιουργήθηκε ερευνητικό ερωτηματολόγιο με στόχο την μελέτη αντίληψης των καταναλωτών σχετικά με την βιώσιμη συσκευασία και τον τρόπο διαχείρισης αυτών. Η βελτίωση των διαδικασιών διανομής με νέα, πιο αποτελεσματικά εργαλεία θα μπορούσε επιπλέον να συμβάλει στην άμβλυνση των περιβαλλοντικών επιπτώσεων των συσκευασιών.

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    Dione (Διώνη)
    Master thesis . 2023
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.26267/un...
    Master thesis . 2023
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      Dione (Διώνη)
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  • This study addresses the issue of the need for the protection of marine resources by humanity as a whole. The report, therefore, provides a critical bibliographic review, combining sources and reports from the international literature and examining the main implications of water pollution, lack of policies to protect marine life and, consequently, climate change on the planet and humanity. Also, one of the main questions addressed in this essay is what the comparison between the literature review findings and the quantitative data can reveal about the severity of the problem. The main conclusion that emerges is that the phenomenon of overfishing, intense industrialization as well as the rejection of plastics and chemicals in water volumes causes health problems, social problems and environmental problems, not only in coastal areas but also in all of humanity. However, it is also found that the international organizations as well as the private sector along with the local communities invest at tackling the problems related to climate change and ocean economy sustainability. In fact, it is underlined that the cooperation between the smaller local groups and the larger institutions is vital for the success of the global efforts to reduce climate change and increase marine protection.

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  • Authors: Sfakaki, Dafni Eleni;

    The main objective of the master thesis is to highlight the significant importance of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The master thesis is a qualitative research consisted of two parts. In the first part, an in depth analysis of the theoretical framework is provided. Moreover, we explore how the examined concept can serve the needs and expectation of society. The second part refers to the case study of Hellenic Petroleum (HELPE) that has the leading position on the Greek energy market. In addition to that, we seek to examine how HELPE integrates CSR into its strategy so as to preserve its leading position. All in all, we argue that CSR concept, which is still under process, confers added benefits towards the company that engages in it and the society at large.

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  • Authors: Stathis, Antonios;

    Η εργασία αναλαμβάνει να εξετάσει τον τρόπο που λαμβάνονται αποφάσεις σε εγκαταστάσεις παραγωγής πυρηνικής ενέργειας και πως διαχειρίζονται τα ρίσκα που αντιμετωπίζουν σε καθημερινή βάση. Εξετάζονται οι περιπτώσεις του δυστυχήματος του Chernobyl, του δυστυχήματος του Fukushima Daiichi και του ατυχήματος του Three Mile Island, καθώς επίσης και το σενάριο της ταινίας The China Syndrome το οποίο κινείται στα πλαίσια του εφικτού. ; The thesis undertakes to examine how decisions are made at nuclear power plants and how they manage the risks they face on a daily basis. The cases of the Chernobyl disaster, the Fukushima Daiichi disaster and the Three Mile Island accident are examined, as well as the scenario of the movie The China Syndrome which moves within the possible.

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    Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία παρουσίαζει το New Green Deal, καθώς κι την ενεργειακή μετάβαση των λιμανιών σε μία νέα εποχή με απώτερο σκοπό τον εκσυγχρονισμό των λιμένων αλλά και την ενεργειακή απεξάρτηση τους από παραδοσιακές πηγές καυσίμων, οι οποίες ρυπαίνουν το περιβάλλον και προκαλούν οικολογικές καταστροφές σε μακροπρόθεσμο ορίζοντα. Το New Green Deal βάζει στόχο την μείωση των ρύπων, την αλλαγή καυσίμων σε όλες των ειδών τις μεταφορές. (Λιμενικές, Αέρος και Στεριάς), αφού η Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση μέσω των στρατηγικών της για την βιοποικιλότητα και το περιβάλλον, αναγκάζει όλα τα μέρη του συστήματος να εναρμονιστούν και να συνεργαστούν. Χαρακτηριστικά παραδείγματα είναι ο λιμένας του Ρότερνταμ, του Αμστερνταμ και της Αμβέρσας. Ως προς την μελέτη περίπτωσης του λιμανιού της Ραφήνας, η έρευνα έχει πραγματοποιηθεί μέσω ερωτηματολογίου που μας παραχώρησε το Εργαστήριο Ολοκληρωμένης Λιμενικής Διαχείρισης, στο οποίο προσμετρούνται όλοι οι παράγοντες για την αναβάθμιση αυτού σε σχέση με τις Λιμενικές υπηρεσίες του, τους εργαζόμενους του, αλλά και την περιβαλλοντική διαχείριση των θαλασσίων και ξηρών περιοχών του λιμένα. This master thesis presents the New Green Deal, as well as the energy transition of the ports to a new era with the ultimate goal of modernizing the ports and their energy independence from traditional fuel sources, which pollute the environment and cause ecological disasters in the long term horizon. The New Green Deal aims to reduce pollution, change fuels in all types of transport. (Ports, Air and Land), since the European Union, through its strategies for biodiversity and the environment, forces all parts of the system to harmonize and cooperate. Typical examples are the port of Rotterdam, Amsterdam, and Antwerp. Regarding the case study of the port of Rafina, the research has been carried out through a questionnaire provided to us by the Laboratory of Integrated Port Management, in which all the factors for upgrading it in relation to its port services, its employees, but also the environmental management of the sea and dry areas of the port.

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    Dione (Διώνη)
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      Dione (Διώνη)
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    Authors: Vanikiotis, Spilios;

    Over the years, islands have become overly dependent and vulnerable to traditional energy lines. Great importance has to be laid down to their energy resources to help them achieve sustainability and energy independence, constituting them self-sufficient. Thus, islands become part of the European energy transition and the zero-emissions EU initiative until 2050. As a consequence of the environmentally friendly directives of the EU, the traditional centralized energy production facilities are gradually being replaced with distributed, heterogeneous, multidirectional, and smart energy systems. Often serve as ‘‘test subjects’’ for new technologies and their performance. As a key figure, the European Commission, encourages research and innovation in the energy field. States and industrial actors have identified islands as key energy transition sites because their distinctive isolation characterizes them compared to main-lands. Therefore, energy routes are to be made to facilitate their needs. Also, these islands can easily, with the available technology, abstain from the traditional production of energy from fossil fuel to emission-free renewable energy sources that could include hybrid models of energy production. The energy transitions should actively work to anchor initiatives solving additionally local concerns and localized issues. Many Islands of the EU, despite having access to renewable sources of energy, still depend on expensive fossil fuel imports for their energy supply. The European Commission has launched the ‘‘Clean Energy for EU Islands Initiative’’ as part of the ‘‘Clean Energy for all Europeans’’ package. One of the primary instruments of this initiative is the European Islands Facility (NESOI), which aims to create through innovation and subsidies clean energy projects across the EU islands. Plentiful projects are already underway in the EU and Greece, including the Astypalea project of Volkswagen, the Tilos project, the ESBØ project in Norway and Sweden, and older projects such as the Samsø project in the Netherlands and the El Hierro in Spain, which are some of the many innovative projects that led the way in R&D for establishing independent islands. Nevertheless, are these projects sustainable and energy-wise secure? Do they hold geopolitical importance for Greece? What legal aspects could an energy contract of this magnitude entail? There are many questions around the subject of energy islands that are to be answered in a theoretical way to depict the importance of governance, the legal dimension of energy security, while assessing the factor of energy sustainability and evaluating the legal environment of these pioneering projects via the use of various indexes. Most importantly, are the EU projects equivalent to other initiatives worldwide, such as Hawaii and Maldives, or does the Union need to reconsider and recalibrate them, especially due to the Covid-19 pandemic and its’ economic stagnation? Where should the weight be shifted, and how energy exploitation contracts can be sustainable and durable under almost any circumstances?

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    Dione (Διώνη)
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    Authors: Koumniotis, Konstantinos;

    Due to climate change the International Maritime Organization (ΙΜΟ) has set limits to the shipping sector in order for emissions to be mitigated. The marine industry will see a quick energy and technology shift that would have a greater influence on asset values, earning capacity and costs than previous transitions. Shipowners are already under increasing pressure to minimize marine transportation’s greenhouse gas footprint. The use of an alternative fuel seems to be a strong solution so as to achieve the sustainable targets of the Paris Agreement. This thesis evaluates the potential of ammonia as a marine fuel, a promising energy carrier and carbon free combustible fuel, in comparison with other alternative fuels like Hydrogen, Methane, LNG, LPG, Bio-Fuels and Batteries. It also uses multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to solve serious shipowners concerns. In addition, it takes into account all the aspects of ammonia as a hydrogen carrier, as well as the relevant legislation and rules, port infrastructure, cost and environmental efficiencies, technological maturity and scalability. The findings of this thesis suggest that various alternative fuels have potential, but more research is needed before definite conclusions can be drawn about ammonia’s potential as an alternative marine fuel.

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    Η βιωσιµότητα στις µέρες µας , είναι το πλέον επίκαιρο θέµα συζήτησης. Ο τρόπος µε τον οποίο η κοινωνία θα αναπτυχθεί και θα αναπτύσσεται, χωρίς να επιβαρύνει το περιβάλλον στο οποίο ζούµε, είναι βασικό πρόβληµα προς λύση. Τα βασικά εργαλεία µας σε αυτή τη λύση, είναι η κυκλική οικονοµία και οι στόχοι βιωσιµότητας. Για να φτάσουµε , όµως, στο επιθυµητό αποτέλεσµα, θα πρέπει όλοι να συνειδητοποιήσουµε την σηµαντικότητα της βιώσιµης ανάπτυξης. Έτσι, ο πρωταρχικός στόχος είναι η εκπαίδευση των πολιτών. Στην συγκεκριµένη διπλωµατική εργασία, θα ερευνηθεί η δηµιουργία ενός ενεργειακά αυτόνοµου πάρκου, µε απώτερο στόχο την εκπαίδευση ως προς τη βιωσιµότητα, την ανακύκλωση, τις εναλλακτικές πηγές ενέργειας αλλά και την περιβαλλοντική συνείδηση. Αρχικά, θα εξεταστεί θεωρητικά η δηµιουργία ενός τέτοιου πάρκου, αφού γίνεται λεπτοµερής αναφορά στη σηµαντικότητα του εγχειρήµατος για την κοινωνία και την βιωσιµότητα. Στο θεωρητικό κοµµάτι παρατίθενται βασικές έννοιες, όπως βιωσιµότητα και κυκλική οικονοµία, σε ποιο επίπεδο βρίσκεται ο υπόλοιπος κόσµος ως προς αυτές τις έννοιες αλλά και που βρίσκεται η χώρα µας αυτή τη στιγµή. Στη συνέχεια, θα παρουσιαστεί πρακτικά το όλο εγχείρηµα, αφού περιγράφονται αναλυτικά τα συστατικά στοιχεία του πάρκου, ο ρόλος τους, τα οικονοµικά στοιχεία, καθώς και στοιχεία όπως η τοποθεσία και η έκτασή του. Το δεύτερο µέρος της εργασίας, εµπεριέχει το ερωτηµατολόγιο πάνω στο οποίο πραγµατοποιείται οικονοµετρική ανάλυση, σχετικά µε την κατανόηση του όρου βιωσιµότητα από τους πολίτες, την αποδοχή ενός τέτοιου πάρκου αλλά και την διάθεση των πολιτών να στηρίξουν τον σκοπό της δηµιουργίας του. Τα δεδοµένα αυτά ερευνώνται µέσω οικονοµετρικού µοντέλου(STATA) και στη συνέχεια αποτυπώνονται τα αποτελέσµατα της παλινδρόµησης. Λέξεις κλειδιά: Βιωσιµότητα, κυκλική οικονοµία, ανανεώσιµες πηγές ενέργειας, ενεργειακό πάρκο, πάρκο, στόχοι βιώσιµης ανάπτυξης. ; Sustainability nowadays is the most topical issue. The way in which society will grow and develop, without burdening the environment in which we live, is a key problem to be solved. Our key tools in this solution are the circular economy and sustainability goals. But to achieve the desired result, we must all realize the importance of sustainable development. Thus, the primary goal is the education of citizens. In this dissertation, the creation of an energy autonomous park will be researched, with the ultimate goal of education in terms of sustainability, recycling, alternative energy sources and environmental awareness. Initially, the creation of such a park will be theoretically examined, after a detailed reference is made to the importance of the project for society and sustainability. The theoretical part lists basic concepts, such as sustainability and circular economy, at what level is the rest of the world in terms of these concepts and where our country is at the moment. Then, the whole project will be presented practically, since the components of the park, their role, the financial data, as well as data such as its location and area are described in detail. The second part of the work contains the questionnaire on which an econometric analysis is performed, regarding the understanding of the term sustainability by the citizens, the acceptance of such a park but also the willingness of the citizens to support the purpose of its creation. These data are investigated using an econometric model (STATA) and then the results of the regression are recorded

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  • Η καινοτομία είναι ένας καθοριστικός παράγοντας για την ανταγωνιστική θέση μιας χώρας στις διεθνείς αγορές και αποτελεί ισχυρό μοχλό για μακροπρόθεσμη οικονομική ανάπτυξη. Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή αποτελείται από τρία δοκίμια τα οποία αναλύουν το ρόλο της καινοτομίας στην απόδοση της επιχείρησης καθώς και την επίδραση των ελέγχων κεφαλαίου στην ικανότητα των επιχειρήσεων να χρηματοδοτούν σημαντικά έργα καινοτομίας. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, το πρώτο δοκίμιο ερευνά την επίδραση της καινοτομίας και της αναγνωσιμότητας των επιχειρήσεων, μέσω των εμπορικών σημάτων στην μακροβιότητα της επιχείρησης και στην τιμολόγηση κατά την διαδικασία εισαγωγής στο χρηματιστήριο. Υποστηρίζεται ότι η δραστηριότητα των εμπορικών σημάτων είναι πιο πιθανό να αυξήσει την υποτιμολόγηση της τιμής πρώτης προσφοράς στις επιχειρήσεις που ανήκουν στους κλάδους υπηρεσιών, ενώ είναι λιγότερο ή καθόλου πιθανό να αυξήσει την υποτιμολόγηση στις επιχειρήσεις που ανήκουν σε βιομηχανικούς κλάδους. Με βάση ένα δείγμα που αποτελείται από 2.275 αμερικάνικες εισαχθείσες επιχειρήσεις από το 1997 έως το 2016 καταλήγουμε ότι η παρουσία των εμπορικών σημάτων στο χαρτοφυλάκιο μιας επιχείρησης αυξάνει κατά μέσο όρο την υποτιμολόγιση κατά την διαδικασία εισαγωγής τους στο χρηματιστήριο. Το δεύτερο δοκίμιο επεκτείνει την ανάλυση εξετάζοντας την επίδραση της δημοσιοποίησης της πληροφόρησης για τη βιωσιμότητα μιας επιχείρησης, σχετικά με την υποτιμολόγηση της τιμής των μετοχών πριν από την αρχική δημόσια προσφορά. Ιδιαίτερα, διερευνά τον αντίκτυπο της πληροφόρησης που αφορά την περιβαλλοντική, κοινωνική και εταιρική διακυβέρνηση (βιωσιμότητα) στην αποτίμηση, στη χρηματοδότηση, στην απόδοση και την μακροβιότητα της επιχείρησης. Γίνεται η υπόθεση ότι η βιωσιμότητα των επιχειρήσεων λειτουργεί ως εργαλείο άμβλυνσης του κινδύνου, μειώνοντας το πρόβλημα της ασύμμετρης πληροφόρησης. Τα ευρήματα, χρησιμοποιώντας ένα δείγμα από 854 αμερικάνικες επιχειρήσεις με IPO από το 2008 έως το 2017, υποστηρίζουν ότι οι επιχειρήσεις που αποκαλύπτουν πληροφορίες σχετικά με την βιωσιμότητα τους αντλούν κεφάλαια κατά μέσο όρο, με καλύτερους όρους και είναι ποιο πιθανό να παραμείνουν εισηγμένες για μεγαλύτερο χρονικό διάστημα. Τέλος το τρίτο δοκίμιο μελετάει τους περιορισμούς της καινοτομίας. Όπως αναφερθήκαμε στα προηγούμενα δοκίμια, η καινοτομία είναι σημαντική για την απόδοση των επιχειρήσεων. Παρόλα αυτά, οι επιχειρήσεις υπό την παρουσία των περιορισμών κεφαλαίου ενδέχεται να αντιμετωπίσουν δυσκολίες στην πραγματοποίηση δραστηριότητας καινοτομίας. Επομένως το τρίτο δοκίμιο μελετά το ρόλο των κεφαλαιακών περιορισμών και των χρηματοοικονομικών εργαλείων στην διαμόρφωση της καινοτομίας. Για να ξεπεραστούν οι επιπτώσεις των ελέγχων κεφαλαίου στην έρευνα και ανάπτυξη χρησιμοποιείται ένα νέο σύνολο δεδομένων που διαφοροποιεί τον έλεγχο των εισροών και των εκροών καθώς και μεταξύ των κατηγοριών των περιουσιακών στοιχείων για 54 ανεπτυγμένες και αναπτυσσόμενες οικονομίες κατά την περίοδο 1995 – 2013. Τα ευρήματα δείχνουν σαφώς ότι οι έλεγχοι κεφαλαίου είναι επιβλαβείς για την δραστηριότητα της έρευνας και ανάπτυξης. Ωστόσο, η συνολική τους επίδραση μπορεί να ποικίλει ανάλογα με το επίπεδο της χρηματοπιστωτικής ανάπτυξης και τεχνολογίας μιας χώρας. Το υψηλό επίπεδο ανάπτυξης του χρηματοπιστωτικού τομέα εξομαλύνει ορισμένες από τις αρνητικές επιπτώσεις των περιορισμών κεφαλαίου στη έρευνα και ανάπτυξη ενώ οι χώρες με προσανατολισμό τις εξαγωγές σε προϊόντα υψηλής τεχνολογίας θα μπορούσαν να είναι ποιο ευαίσθητες σε περιορισμούς κεφαλαίου. Συνολικά, οι έλεγχοι κεφαλαίου επηρεάζουν αρνητικά τις περισσότερο προηγμένες τεχνολογικά οικονομίες με λιγότερο αναπτυγμένο χρηματοπιστωτικό σύστημα. Τέλος , η επιλογή του κατά πόσο οι έλεγχοι θα πρέπει να επιβάλλονται στις εισροές ή στις εκροές κεφαλαίων μπορεί επίσης να έχει διαφορετικές επιπτώσεις στη δραστηριότητα της καινοτομίας. Ιδιαίτερα, οι περιορισμοί στην χρηματοδότηση και στην εμπορική πίστωση είναι μακράν οι πιο επιβλαβείς. ; Innovation is a crucial factor for a country’s competitive position in international markets and a powerful driver for long-run economic growth. The present Thesis comprises of three essays that analyze the role of innovation and sustainability of in firms’ financial performance as well as the effect of capital restrictions on firms’ ability to finance their innovation projects. More specifically, the first essay investigates the role of innovation performance and firms’ recognilability through trademarks in firm’s longevity and IPO underpricing. Based on a sample of 2,275 US IPOs from 1997-2016 the findings that on average the presence of trademarks in a firm’s portfolio increases underpricing, post IPO performance and longevity. The second essay proceeds further by examining the effect of disclosing sustainability information about the environmental, social and governance practices of firms before their IPO on underpricing as well as their post IPO performance. The core statement of the analysis is that sustainability acts as risk mitigation mechanism by reducing asymmetric information. Using a sample of 854 US IPOs from 2008-2017, the findings support that firms which disclose sustainability information on average face less underpricing and is more likely to remain listed in the stock market for longer. Finally, the third easy looks at the constraints of innovation instead. As discussed in previous essays, innovation is important for firms’ performance. However, in presence of capital restrictions firms may face difficulties in performing substantial innovation activity. The third essay, therefore, studies the role of financial restrictions in shaping innovation activity. To unfold the effects of capital controls on R&D, uses a new data set that differentiates between controls on inflows and on outflows as well as among asset categories for 54 developed and developing economies over the period 1995-2013. The findings clearly demonstrate that capital controls are detrimental for R&D activity; however, their overall effect may vary depending on the level of financial development and technology of a country. High level of development in the financial sector smooths out some of the adverse effects of capital restrictions on R&D, while countries with high-tech export orientation could be more sensitive to capital restrictions. Overall, capital controls affect more negatively technologically advanced economies with less developed financial markets. Finally, the choice on whether controls should be imposed on capital inflows or outflows may also have different implications on the innovation activity. Particularly, restrictions on money market and commercial credit are by far the most damaging for innovation.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Panov, Angelcho;

    In this master's thesis, three different aspects of geothermal energy are presented. Digging, electricity generation, and policies of geothermal-rich countries. First, a general geological overview of the world is presented, followed by information on geothermal drilling techniques and available technology. It explains the basic elements of digging, such as drilling rigs, types of drilling bits, and types and performances of drilling pipes. It later explained the impacts of geothermal energy on the energy policies of states, i.e., the use of electricity as a diplomatic tool and as a substitute for fossil fuels; electricity production; as well as more sophisticated binary cycle variants and EGS systems. Here, a new geopolitical picture is presented, along with new international partnerships between geothermal-rich nations. Later, the inter-state relations related to geothermal energy were described to finally give the total world capacity of geothermal energy and the policies of the states towards it.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ University of Piraeu...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Dione (Διώνη)
    Master thesis . 2023
    License: CC BY NC ND
    Data sources: Dione (Διώνη)
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ University of Piraeu...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Dione (Διώνη)
      Master thesis . 2023
      License: CC BY NC ND
      Data sources: Dione (Διώνη)
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