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This site includes coastal dune ecosystems of Central Italy, both along Tyrrhenian and Adriatic coastline. The flora and the fauna of the site is highly specialized with a relevant ecological value. On the other side, the site includes one of the most threatened ecosystems at national and European level, mainly due to direct and indirect human pressures. These areas host many EU interest habitats and species and are included in the Nature 2000 Network. Major EU Habitats are: Habitat 1210 (Annual vegetation of drift lines), Habitat 2110 (Embryonic shifting dunes), Habitat 2120 (Shifting dunes along the shorelines with Ammophila arenaria), Habitat 2230 (Malcolmietalia dune grasslands), priority Habitat 2250* (Coastal dunes with Juniperus spp.), Habitat 2260 (Cisto-Lavanduletalia dune sclerophyllous scrubs) and priority Habitat 2270* (Wooded dunes with Pinuspinea and/or Pinus pinaster). The main topics of the ecological monitoring are: the temporal dynamics of plant diversity and abundance of coastal EU habitats, the periodical observation of nesting avifauna and Testudo hermanni, and the multi-temporal analysis of land cover types and its distribution, as well as of dune morphology and shoreline evolution.

1) Files.csv : Dataset acquired on the experimental laboratory setup used for the emulation of a Ducted Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine. 2) DHAWT.xlsx : aerodynamic characteristics of the Ducted Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine chosen as case of study.

The parent site consists of: two main research sites (Lake Santo Parmense and Lake Scuro Parmense) in the Northern Apennines, but also several temporary and permanent lentic systems sampled at a lower frequency; two main research sites in the Western Alps (Lake Paione Inferiore and Superiore), and about 30 high altitude lakes (above 1900 m a.s.l.) in the same area, with long-term irregular data; one research site located in the Brenta Dolomites (Lake Tovel) at 1178 m a.s.l. with a monthly sampling regime and long-term data; three main research sites in the province of Bozen, together with other 11 lakes all located below the treeline, monitored since 1979 with samplings at irregular intervals. For all the main research sites long-term data exist on water chemistry, plankton and benthos; however, the datasets of the various sites may be different in terms of size, temporal coverage, frequency of the series and monitored parameters. The main research topics considered are eutrophication and acidification, population dynamics, biodiversity, functional diversity, lake metabolism, plankton phenology, alien species, climate change effects, impacts of anthropogenic activities in lake catchments, high frequency monitoring.

The Macrosite "IT08 Subalpine Lakes" includes a group of lakes located at the southern border of the Alps. The lake typologies are represented by large and deep lakes (Orta, Garda, Maggiore, Como and Iseo) and by a lake of smaller size and shallow depth (Candia). Topics common to all the research sites include the impact of eutrophication and climate change, the composition, structure and dynamics of biological communities (plankton, necton and littoral communities), trophic webs, paleolimnology, ecotoxicology, ecological status and remote sensing. Scientific investigations are supported by a wide availability of technological infrastructures and laboratories located in the reference institutions, and by a wide range of technological equipment for fieldwork. These facilities, funded within the individual institutes involved in the research, have allowed not only to maintain, but also to update the classical approaches used in scientific monitoring, while opening up new research fields (especially molecular ecology, microbial ecology, metabolomic profiling, antibiotic resistance genes, high frequency monitoring by sensor technology). Over the last decade, the continuity and regularity of investigations have been facilitated by the availability of both external and ordinary funds. The variety of research activities carried out on the IT08 macrosite is evidenced by the publication of numerous scientific papers, as well as contributions (oral or poster) presented at national and international conferences, and by the presence in the mass media. In this context, the scientific monitoring is a key element of LTER research, including not only data collection (basic monitoring), but also data interpretation, modeling, and experimental manipulation, with particular attention to key groups of selected variables in order to identify the most significant environmental stressors and the degree of change at the level of ecosystems, communities, species and populations.

The Antarctic continent plays a fundamental role in the global climate system and its role is particularly important in a climate change scenario. Since the '90s, the Ross Sea and the coastal area of Terra Nova Bay have been chosen as specific and peculiar research sites for climatic investigations within the LTER (Long-Term Ecological Research) network. Studies have been conducted by both Italian and international Universities and research centres.This macro-site area is characterized by abundant primary productivity, and zooplankton and benthonic communities. The objective of the research activities is the acquisition of long-term time series related to the biotic communities, the bio-geochemical fluxes and the physico-chemical parameters of the water column in the Ross Sea area. To this aim, four Moorings (A, B, D and H) were deployed to obtain the above-mentioned data, which will be very useful to improve the quality of the existing bio-geochemical models and to provide more precise information on the Antarctic marine ecosystem in relation to global climate change. In the Terra Nova Bay research site, the activities are devoted to the characterization of the relationship between the structure and the dynamic of the pelagic and benthonic communities and the ice cover. Numerous physical, chemical and biological data were collected from the four Moorings, the water samples retrieved at the Terra Nova Bay site and the sediments samples. Such fundamental data allowed establishing an important starting point to better understand the climate change phenomena occurred in the last twenty years, and that will occur in the future, in the Ross Sea Area.