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http://www.dsr.inpe.br/sbsr2011/files/p0665.pdf; International audience; In recent years, several works have been accomplished in order to analyze the spectral response of coffee crop fields cultivated in full sun. However, the number of papers related to the monitoring of shaded coffee systems is reduced although this kind of cultivation is very important from the perspective of climate change and agriculture. In addition, the biomass of coffee systems can store carbon, which is a mitigation action. In this context, this paper presents the assessment of the meteorological variation joined with the biomass increase in three different coffee plantation systems: full sun, shaded coffee associated with legumes (SAF), and shaded coffee with Macadamia trees. We used Landsat-5 images from 2004 to 2010, and the NDVI and SAVI indexes. LAI index measured in the test area during all 2009 year. The results showed that the shaded coffee systems presented the NDVI and SAVI indexes with higher values than those found with the system of planting in full sun what corroborates the idea of greater amount of biomass in this type of planting. All indexes present the seasonal rain variation. One month after a large period of drought the indexes NDVI, SAVI and LAI decrease. The NDVI and SAVI indexes presented high correlation with the measured LAI. The shaded coffee system and the full sun coffee reached high vegetation indexes what indicate a high concentration of biomass. This factor should be considered in the decision making process since is important to take advantage of cultivation systems acting as carbon sinks.

National audience ABSTRACT. Great droughts of the past (such as 1959, 1976, 1989 or 2003) have had heavy impacts on important socio-economical activities for the economy of the Brittany, such as agriculture. In a climate change context it seems important to evaluate the possible ways of evolution of that risk in this region. These evolutions have been studied by using climate simulations from three IPCC’s scenarios: A1B, A2 and B1. In order to monitor droughts, the methodology used is a soil water balance and the implementation of the evaporation deficit. Results revealed an increase of drought intensity during the 21st century, more specifically in the eastern part of the region. The south coastline would be the most sensitive area in terms of droughts’ intensity and frequency. In that area a similar intensity as the one measured during the 1976 drought, other things being equal, would be frequently reached. Exceptional past droughts could become common in the future, impacting both agriculture and water cycle. This could cause a decreasing in runoff aquifer's levels and force farmers to adapt both crops and cropping methods. RESUME. Les grandes sécheresses du passé (1959, 1976, 1989 ou 2003) ont entrainé des dommages importants sur des activités essentielles pour l’économie de la Bretagne, telles que l’agriculture. Dans un contexte de changement climatique, il apparait donc important d'analyser les évolutions possibles du risque de sécheresse à l’échelle de la région à partir de simulations climatiques du modèle Arpège-Climat pour trois scénarios du GIEC : A1B, A2 et B1. La méthodologie retenue est celle du bilan hydrique et le calcul du déficit d’évaporation. Les résultats montrent une augmentation de l’intensité des sécheresses au cours du 21ème siècle, principalement pour la moitié est de la Bretagne. Le littoral sud serait la région la plus sensible à une augmentation de la fréquence et de l’intensité des sécheresses. En termes d’intensité, on dépasserait ici les valeurs relevées lors de la sécheresse de 1976, toutes choses égales par ailleurs. Ce risque de voir des sécheresses exceptionnelles par le passé devenir communes à moyen terme, impacterait fortement l’agriculture, ainsi que le cycle de l’eau, sur une grande partie de l’année. Cela pourrait entrainer une diminution des écoulements de surface alimentant les nappes phréatiques bretonnes et contraindre les agriculteurs à adapter leurs cultures et leurs pratiques. RESUMO. As grandes secas do passado (1959, 1976, 1989 ou 2003) resultaram em danos significativos às atividades essenciais para a economia da Bretanha, como a agricultura. Por isso, no contexto das mudanças climáticas, parece importante analisar possíveis mudanças quanto ao o risco de seca na escala regional. Essas mudanças são estudadas por meio de simulações climáticas do modelo Arpège-Clima para três cenários do IPCC: A1B, A2 e B1. Para monitorar as secas, a metodologia utilizada é o balanço hídrico e o cálculo do déficit de evaporação. Os resultados mostram um aumento na intensidade das secas durante o século 21, principalmente para a metade oriental da Bretanha. A costa sul seria a região mais sensível para o aumento e a frequência da intensidade das secas. Em termos de intensidade, seriam ultrapassados os valores registrados durante a seca histórica de 1976, inalteradas as circunstâncias. O risco de seca excepcional no passado tornou-se comum em médio prazo e teria um impacto forte sobre a agricultura e o ciclo da água durante uma grande parte do ano. Isso pode causar uma diminuição no escoamento que alimenta o lençol freático na Bretanha e forçar os agricultores a adaptar as suas culturas e práticas agricolas.

International audience The sugar-energy industry sector, responsible for the production of sugar cane and its transformation in ethanol and/or electric energy, has been known since the beginning of the XXI century a new expanded phase based in the real terms of the sustainable development. The aim of this article was to analyse in the contemporary period in what way the public politics, national and international ones, together with the agri-business sugar-energy industry and local actors borrowed the speech of sustainability. We also intended to understand how the measures from this new paradigm concluded to justify the expansion of the sugar-energy industry sector. The methodology is based on the bibliography research, in the farming data surveys as well as in the analysis of developing programs and finally in the camping research. The work highlight that the assumption of the sustainable development speech became strategy to the maintenance and expansion of the sugar-energy sector, showing its action in favor of the environment. However, it was seen that the actors admit contradictions existing between the principles of conservation of the environment and the reality of the actors from the sustainability speech El sector sucroenergético, responsable por la producción de caña de azúcar y su transformación en azúcar, alcohol y/o energía eléctrica, ha encontrado desde inicios del siglo XXI una nueva forma de expansión basada en los términos actuales del desarrollo sostenible. El objetivo de este artículo fue analizar en el periodo contemporáneo, de qué modo las políticas públicas nacionales e internacionales, aliadas a las agroindustrias sucroenergéticas y actores locales, se apropiaron del discurso de la sostenibilidad. Así como comprender cómo las medidas derivadas de este nuevo paradigma terminaron por justificar la expansión del sector sucroenergético. La metodología aplicada fue basada en la revisión bibliográfica, colecta de datos agropecuarios, también como en investigaciones de campo. Fue posible evidenciar que la apropiación del discurso sobre desarrollo sostenible se volvió estratégico a fin de mantener y expandir el sector sucroenergético, exponiendo sus acciones a favor del medio ambiente. Aún así, se pudo verificar el reconocimiento por parte de los actores, sobre las contradicciones existentes entre los principios de la conservación del medio ambiente y la realidad de las acciones que derivan del discurso sobre la sustentabilidad. O setor sucroenergético, responsável pela produção de cana-de-açúcar e sua transformação em açúcar, álcool e/ou energia elétrica, conhece desde o início do século XXI uma nova fase de expansão baseada nos termos atuais do desenvolvimento sustentável. O presente artigo objetiva analisar no período contemporâneo o modo como as políticas públicas nacionais e internacionais, juntamente com o agronegócio sucroenergético e os atores locais, apropriaram-se do discurso da sustentabilidade, bem como compreender como as medidas decorrentes desse novo paradigma findaram em justificar a expansão do setor sucroenergético. A metodologia é baseada na pesquisa bibliográfica, no levantamento de dados agropecuários, assim como na análise de programas de desenvolvimento e, por fim, em pesquisas de campo. O trabalho evidencia que a apropriação do discurso do desenvolvimento sustentável se tornou estratégico para a manutenção e expansão do setor sucroenergético, expoente as suas ações em favor do meio ambiente. Contudo, foi verificado que os atores admitem as contradições existentes entre os princípios da conservação do meio ambiente e a realidade dos atos decorrente do discurso da sustentabilidade.

The aim of this thesis was to use allometric models to analyze the relationship that running economy(ECO) and mechanical efficiency (Ef) have on the performance of middle- and long-distance runners.Based on the results of three original studies, we concluded that allometric scaling can improve therelationship between ECO and performance in recreational middle- and long-distance runners, mainlydue to morphofunctional aspects. Similarly, the mechanical works, especially the external mechanicalwork, may be considered to be predictive of running performance and a specific allometric exponentcan improve these predictions. The results also showed that Ef is an important predictor of theperformance of long-distance runners. However, when the specific allometric exponents were applied,there was no improvement in the prediction of this performance. The results also showed that it isimportant to consider the contribution of anaerobic energy expenditure when calculating Ef, becauseotherwise the results may be overestimated, as already reported in other studies. In general, when theobjective is to predict the performance of middle- or long-distance runners through metabolic ormechanical powers, it is useful to adopt a specific allometric exponent of the group investigated.However, when this prediction is performed considering the Ef, particularly in high-performance longdistancerunners, the allometric application is not necessary.; Le but de cette thèse était d'analyser la relation entre l'économie de course à pied (ECO) et l'efficiencemécanique (Eff) dans la performance des coureurs spécialistes en moyenne et longue distance, utilisantdes modèles allométriques. Basé dans les résultats de trois études originales, nous avons conclu quel'échelle allométrique peut améliorer la relation entre ECO et performance dans la course à pied demoyenne et longue distance, principalement en coureurs amateurs, pour raison morpho-fonctionnelles.Également, pour cette même population, des travaux mécaniques, principalement le externe, peut êtreconsidérées comme prédicteurs de la performance de la course à pied de sujets spécialistes en longuedistance, et un exposant allométrique peut améliorer cette prédiction. En ce qui concerne à l'Eff, lesrésultats ont montré que cette variable est, aussi, une important variable de prédiction de laperformance. Toutefois, quand appliqué des exposant allométriques, il n'y avait aucune améliorationdans cette prédiction, principalement en coureurs de haut niveau. Les résultats ont montré, aussi, quepour le calcul de l'Eff, la contribution de la dépense énergétique anaérobie est important, parce que,contrairement, les résultats peuvent être surestimés. En général, lorsque l'objectif est prédit laperformance des coureurs amateurs de moyenne ou de longue distance, à travers des puissancesmétaboliques ou mécaniques, est suggéré d'adopter un exposant allométrique spécifique du groupeétudié. Toutefois, lorsque cette prédiction est réalisée avec la utilisation de l'Eff en un groupe decoureurs de haut niveau, l'échelle allométrique n'est pas indiquée.

Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o potencial que a produção de biodiesel tem para promover a inclusão social, assegurando a proteção do capital ambiental, a produção de alimentos e o desenvolvimento regional sustentável nas regiões mais áridas e pobres do Brasil. As razões e conseqüências da baixa participação da agricultura familiar no processo de produção de biodiesel são identificadas. Adicionalmente, a vulnerabilidade do semiárido às mudanças climáticas é considerada. A análise é fundamentada em dados estatísticos oficiais recentes, rastreados nas publicações de diversos organismos não oficiais, ligados aos movimentos sociais, e da literatura especializada na divulgação técnico-científica do setor de biocombustíveis. O estudo mostra que a pequena agricultura pode participar, e se beneficiar efetivamente da produção de biodiesel, e as ações indispensáveis para este setor da economia tenha uma melhoria de renda, com proteção da biodiversidade e segurança alimentar. Também são discutidas as possibilidades dos movimentos sociais nesse contexto, com ênfase no Movimento dos Sem-terra

The study carried out a comparative analysis of territorial management policies implemented in Brazil (State of Amazonas) and France (Rhône-Alpes Region) through the creation and management of protected areas. The objective of the research was to identify and to understand the effects of the territorial management policies on the forms of work and production systems of populations living in legally protected areas in Brazil and in France. L'étude a effectué une analyse comparative des politiques de gestion territoriale mises en œuvre au Brésil (département d'Amazonas) et en France (région Rhône-Alpes) à travers la création et la gestion des aires protégées. L'objectif de la recherche a été d'identifier et de comprendre les effets des politiques de gestion territoriale sur le travail et les systèmes de production des populations résidant dans les zones protégées au Brésil et en France.

International audience

Este artigo pretende expor algumas reflexões sobre "política urbana e desenvolvimento sustentável", ocorridos durante os seminários de Cadastro Público Brasileiro, na disciplina "Estatuto da Cidade e o Plano Diretor" do curso de graduação em arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (ECV/UFSC). Apresentando questões críticas e reflexões sobre as políticas urbanas, pois freqüentemente, a prática não reflete a teoria nem as leis determinantes do processo; causando dicotomias e desigualdades sociais. Ao conceituar sustentabilidade dentro das políticas públicas, percebemos a dificuldade de colocar em prática as determinações legais, sempre esbarrando no interesse político que desvirtua as ações efetivas da política pública. Mas, a gestão democrática é o direito da sociedade, que deve exigir do poder público políticas urbanas sustentáveis e promover assim o bem estar social e o direito a cidade. // This article is to present some reflections on "sustainable development and urban policy", occurred during the seminars Brazilian Public Registry, in the discipline "and the Statute of the City Master Plan" of the undergraduate course in Architecture and Urbanism, Federal University of Santa Catarina (ECV / UFSC). Introducing critical issues and reflections on urban policies, because often the practice does not reflect the theory nor the determinants of the laws, causing social inequalities and dichotomies. By conceptualizing sustainability within public policies, we see the difficulty of putting into practice the legal requirements, always bumping into the political interest which undermines the effective actions of public policy. But the democratic management of society is the right that the government should require sustainable urban policies and thus promote the welfare and right to the city.

International audience; This paper presents the first results of a research project that aims to identify the key aspects for the development of a business adaptation strategy to climate change in the electricity sector in Brazil. From the international studies, we look for different possible ways to inspire the Brazilian trajectory. Finally, we tried to answer some key questions: "How the electric sector must be prepared to minimize the consequences of climate change impacts? What should be the adaptation strategies at the national, regional and local level? How can companies prepare for these changes in order to minimize the impact on their business and / or maximize the opportunities?"