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132401159 Ekstraksi reaktif dapat digunakan sebagai metode pembuatan biodiesel dengan perolehan kadar yield tinggi, biaya produksi yang rendah, mengefesiensi waktu reaksi dan mengurangi penggunaan reagen yang berlebih, sehingga menghasilkan biodiesel yang cukup baik. Dalam percobaan ini, ekstraksi reaksi dipakai untuk menghasilkan bodiesel dari mesokarp buah sawit menggunakan dimetil karbonat dan novozym 435 sebagai katalis secara enzimatis. Metanol tidak digunakan sebagai pelarut karena dipercaya dapat menghambat kerja enzim. Variabel yang dipelajari meliputi suhu reaksi sekitar 65 OC waktu reaksi yang dilakukan secara kontinu(4,8,12,16,20,24 jam). Hasil kadar biodiesel yang di dapat sebesar 88,1324%, kadar monodigliserida 0,3132%, kadar digliserida 1,7565%, dan trigliserida2,3212 % membuat biodiesel yang didapat cukup besar. Reactive extraction can be used as a method of making biodiesel with the acquisition of high yield levels , low production costs , the reaction time efficiency and reduce the use of excess reagent , thus producing biodiesel pretty good . In this experiment , the extraction reaction is used to generate bodiesel of mesocarp oil using dimethyl carbonate and 435 novozym as enzymatic catalysts . Methanol is not used as a solvent because it is believed to inhibit the enzyme . The variables studied include a reaction temperature of about 65 OC reaction time is done continuously ( 4,8,12,16,20,24 hours ) . Results biodiesel content in a can of 88.1324 % , 0.3132 % monodigliserida levels , the levels of 1.7565 % diglycerides and triglycerides 2,3212 %make biodiesel obtained quite large .

120405095 Penelitian tentang pembuatan biogas dari sampah organik dan kotoran sapi terhadap pengaruh penambahan trace metal (nikel, cobalt) telah selesai dilakukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan trace metal (nikel, cobalt) terhadap kinerja digester anaerobik dalam perolehan biogas. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mencampurkan sampah organik dan kotoran sapi yang diblender menggunakan air dengan perbandingan 1:1:2 (w:w:v) dan dioperasikan di dalam digester berukuran 5L dengan volume isian sebesar 4L secara batch selama 30 hari dengan kondisi pH dijaga konstan 6,5-7,5 pada suhu ruangan 25-30 oC. Variasi yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini yaitu penambahan nikel sebanyak 0,245 mg/L, penambahan cobalt sebanyak 0,245 mg/L dan kombinasi nikel dan cobalt masing-masing 0,25 mg/L. Adapun parameter yang diamati setiap hari yaitu volume biogas dan suhu, parameter yang dianalisa sekali dalam dua hari yaitu chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solid, volatile suspended solid dan pH. Pada penelitian yang dilakukan diperoleh volume biogas terbesar dengan penambahan cobalt sebesar 85 ml/hari, % reduksi COD sebesar 46,48% , % reduksi TSS sebesar 88,78% dan VSS sebesar 16.540 mg/L. The research on biogas production from organic waste and manure to the effect of trace metal (nickel, cobalt) has been done. The objective of this study was to discover the effect of trace metals nickel, cobalt on the performance of biogas anaerobic digester in the acquisition of the raw material organic waste and cow dung. Organic waste and cow dung were blended using water at a ratio of 1:1:2 (w:w:v) and operated in the digester sized 5L with stuffing volume of 4L as batch for 30 days with conditions held constant of pH 6.5-7, 5. This research was conducted with a variety of trace addition of nickel metal as much as 0.245 mg/L, the addition of trace metal cobalt as much as 0.245 mg/L and the combination of nickel and cobalt respectively 0.25 mg/L. As for some of the parameters was observed every day, such as biogas volume and temperature, the parameters are analyzed every 2 days of fermentation such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), volatile suspended solids (VSS) and pH. In the study conducted acquired the largest biogas volumes per day with the addition of trace metal cobalt amount of 85 ml, percentage of COD removal by 46,48%, TSS remove percentage obtained was 88,78% and volatile suspended solid as much as 16.540 mg/L.

The research is conducted to know the organic carbon reserve and how much the fixation of CO2 by stand found in the forest of Tri Dharma University of North Sumatera. The observed parameter include the quantity of individual, stem diameter at breast height, the tree height and the type of stand. The estimation of carbon reserve on the surface firstly calculated thorough the quantity of biomass of stand. The biomass of the stand uses allometric equation. The forest of Tri Dharma University of North Sumatera covers the width 1,14 ha consist of Mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni), Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria), Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum), Teak (Tectona grandis), Pulai (Alstonia scholaris) can save carbon 225,45 tons of Carbon or can fixate CO2 as much as 827,38 tons of CO2 until to date 051202023

The objectives of this research are (1) to analyze the changing patterns of soil quality, water quality and Methane (CH4) due to cropping index improvement, (2) to analyze productivity and economic due to the increasing of rice cultivation intensity at technical irrigated rice field, (3) to arrange the optimum model of intensive rice cultivation at technical irrigated rice field by Integrated Crop Management (ICM) approach with low methane emission sustainably, and (4) to analyze sustainable index of optimum model of intensive rice cultivation with cropping index improvement at technical irrigated rice field and (5) to arrange the policy strategy in the implementation of optimum model of intensive rice cultivation at technical irrigated rice field by Integrated Crop Management (ICM) with low methane emission sustainably. This research used split plot design. The treatment of irrigation systems as the main split plot factor is intermittent irrigation and continuous system (flooded) and fertilization as sub plot factor which is fertilization treatment are applied, based on the Recommendation of the Minister of Agriculture No. 40/2007 and based on laboratory analysis recommendation with 8 levels of fertilization treatment with 3 replications. Data analysis for soil quality, water, methane emissions, production and rice productivity are done by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and for the analysis of production, productivity and the methane emission are continued into Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) test. Further sustainability analysis of the RAPFISH modification is called Rapfarm (Rapid Appraisal for Farming) by using the multidimensional scaling (MDS) method, to arrange the scenario is used dynamic model systems approach. The result of study showed that intensive rice cultivation by increasing of planting intensity did not reduce soil and water quality and methane emission can be pushed until 66,05%. Cultivation of intensive rice by increasing of planting season up to four planting seasons in a year by ICM approach can increase rice production and productivity up to 30% and also increase farmer’s income significantly. Optimum Model of intensive rice cultivation is by planting rice for four times a year with the planting pattern of rice-rice-rice-rice by using ICM system especially by using intermittent irrigation system and fertilization appropriate for plant nutrients (recommendation from result of laboratory analysis with the dosage 100% plus probiotic). The value of methane with optimum model application can be reduced significantly from 218.826.889,43 kg CH4 to 397.181,03 kg CH4 in 2030. The value of sustainable index of optimum model of intensive rice cultivation has range between 42,84-66,54 (included in the category of sufficiency) and the result of statistical test showed that RAP-INLASIT-IP 400 method is good enough to be used as one of the devices to evaluate the sustainability implementation optimum model of intensive rice cultivation on technical irrigated rice field. 098106004

Sustainability is an issue that is increasingly attached to the planning and design of the built environment. One issue is the sustainability of the traffic jamming. Problems of traffic jamming has become a natural thing happening in developing cities in Indonesia. Traffic jamming problems gave many negative impacts both directly and indirectly. Paradigm major cities in the world about tackling the problems of traffic jamming through the application of concepts that promote integration between land use with transportation. One concept that is applied in major cities in the world are TOD. Transit Oriented Development or TOD is a concept in an area centralized on modes of transport where the area has a comfortable distance to walk and able to perform daily activities therein without the need to use personal vehicle (automobile). Binjai as TOD development sites, is one part of the metropolitan area Mebidangro, growing city. Locations case of this design lies in the area of 1 km radius of the Binjai train station. Binjai has a station route from Medan to Aceh who stopped in its tracks until Binjai. By reviving this route to Aceh potential to make Binjai as a transit region or midpoint for opportunities of business transactions between Aceh with Medan. With the selection of the hotel and retail building functions referred to as containers / resting place during transit, to meet business partners, and conduct business transactions. The building design using functionalism architecture themes with the objectives to be achieved in sustainability and TOD, the selection of this theme intends to translate the functions that will be implemented into the design follows the functional characteristic and is expected to express / explore the design basis more depth. 110406099

Indonesia is located in equator line with it’s avarage temperature is 35°C. Its humidity is high, it can reach 85% (hot humid tropical climate). There are two things that cause extreme climate. Firstly the position between 2 continent and two ocean. Secondly big different between the area of continent and ocean. This condition makes disadvantage for human being in doing their activities becaused of up and down of the temperature that is not comfort for the human body. The best range of temperature for Indonesian people in doing their activities is 22,8°C - 25,8°C and the humidity 70%. Easiest step to create thermal comfort in building is using air condition system. How ever it affects to the electrical energy used. This paper proposes to solve the thermal comfort in building by architectural solution, designing building by considering orientation to wind direction and sun, using of architecture element and building material, and also elements of landscape. sti-jul2005- (26)

Over the years people's dependence on fossil fuels is very high. Even for generating electrical energy, fuel continues to be used as well. Fuel cell technology (fuel cell) is the right thing to save the use of oil by using hydrogen to generate electricity and oxygen as a binder so harmless exhaust gas .To obtain hydrogen and oxygen, the authors use a dry cell by varying the number of neutral plates. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the number neutral plate with respect to temperature and the resulting gas production. This study also aimed to determine the effect of KOH and strong currents in the dry cell. The study was done using a thermocouple temperature recorder agilent as produced. In every 90 seconds, the volume of gas produced was measured at each test variable that has been done. From the results obtained, the highest production values generated at 10 plates neutral testing with 4.66% KOH. Whereas, the highest temperature occurs in the test 4 neutral plates with 4.66% KOH. So it can be concluded that, the more the higher the plate neutral gases produced, while the lower temperatures generated and the less the higher the neutral plate heat generated while the volume of gas produced lower. 090401017

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is palm oil mills byproducts which has high COD concentration, and it is necessary to be processed before being discharged into the stream. Anaerobic thermophilic is one method of POME treatment and the final product of this process is biogas which can be used as fuel. To optimize the formation of biogas, micronutrients are required, trace metals are micronutrients that can stimulate the activity of microorganisms which can increase methane production in anaerobic processes. Because trace metals at high concentrations can be harmful for living things, this experiment intends to know the effect of reducing the concentration of trace metals (nickel and cobalt) in the processing of palm oil mill effluent to biogas production by thermophilic anaerobic. The initial concentrations of trace metals used in this experiment were 0.49 mg /l for nickel and 0.42 mg /l for cobalt, then reduced until 90% and 97% from the initial concentration. The experiment was conducted by using two liters of continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with temperature 50o C, pH 6.5 - 7.8 and HRT 6 days. POME was taken from fat pit of Adolina mills belong to PTPN IV. The result of this experiment concluded that the 90% reduction of trace metal (nickel and cobalt) produced average volume of biogas 7.10 liter/day at the rate of VS decomposition 53% and the 97% reduction of trace metal, produced average volume of biogas 7.06 liter/day with VS decomposition rate 51%. 097022002

The rate of change in forest area into plantations tend to be greatly improved from year to year. As a result of forest land will be increasingly threatened its existence as it is converted to plantations. For that to know how the ratio of the absorption of CO2 by growers compared with forests. The purpose of this research want to know the carbon content in each section rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) And determine the potential of carbon reserves in the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) Age of 10 years in people plantation Serdang Bedagai. The method of estimaty carbon stocks done destructive ends. Selection of plant samples carried out with purposive sampling. The best equation for estimating biomass and carbon selected using allometric equations based on the value of the highest R-Sq. The results showed that allometric models for biomass and carbon is W = 0,540 H1.882 and C = 0.053 H 2.526 . The potential of biomass and carbon in smallholder rubber plantations Tarean Village, District Silindak, Serdang Bedagai is 4.92 tons / ha and 2.61 tons / ha 111201133

Biodiesel is usually synthesis by transesterification of triglycerides and alcohols in the presence of an acid or an alkaline catalyst but it could produce a chemical waste process. An alternative process is using biocatalyst such as enzyme to synthesis biodiesel that couldn’t produce chemical waste process. In this research, the synthesis of biodiesel from crude palm oil (CPO) that through the process of degumming and methanol as acyl donor has been investigated with using of Lipozyme as biocatalyst. The purpose of this experiment is to examine the effect of the temperature and the amount of biocatalyst for the synthesis of biodiesel that produced from palm oil and examine the effect of the use of methanol to the lipase enzyme activity in catalyzing the synthesis of biodiesel through transesterification reaction. The variables in this research are the amount of biocatalyst and temperature, and their responses with yield conversion of biodiesel were representated using response surface methodology (RSM) with Minitab software. The reactants and products were analyzed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). Yield raging from 10-79 % were achieved in 15 hours reaction time. The variable effect of yield can be known from the temperature gives negative result about 0,6738 for the formation of biodiesel product. Afterwards the amount of biocatalyst gives positive result about 22,8091 and interaction between temperature and the amount of biocatalyst give negative result. The results showed that the most influential variable is the amount of biocatalyst. Therefore, this experiment would need further investigation works and analysis and reuse of lipozyme as biocatalyst on the run which obtained the highest yield. The highest yield was obtained at a reaction temperature of 45 ° C and the amount of catalyst by 30%. In the reuse of lipozyme, can be repeated four times and obtained the total of the decrease in yield of 77%. 100405011