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Peer reviewed 1 table.

[ES] Se ha aplicado la clasificación de tipos de tiempo (Weather Types) de Jenkinson y Collison a la malla de presiones diaria del reanálisis NCAR-NCEP (periodo Enero 1950-Diciembre 2023) correspondiente a la Península Ibérica y Baleares. Por la resolución de dicha malla (2.5º x 2.5º lat/long) el total de nodos de control es de 12. Los tipos de tiempo resultantes incluyen los 8 direccionales puros, Anticiclónico y Ciclónico puro, y la combinación de 8 tipos híbridos entre las categorías previas. Los casos indeterminados fueron distribuidos proporcionalmente entre las clases previas. [EN] It has been applied the Jenkinson & Collison classification of Weather Types to Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Island by using the daily NCAR-NCEP grid surface pressure dataset (January-1950/December-2023). Grid resolution/2.5ºx2.5 lat/long) produces 12 series. Weather Types classification includes 8 directional pure, Anticyclonic and Cyclonic pure types, and combination of previous ones in the hybrid types. Non determines cases were spread homogeneously. [EN] WETYDAS contains 12 TXT archives localized by their coordinates in NCAR grid; information include year, month, day and code of weathee type. [ES] WETYDAS consta de 12 archivos formato TXT geolocalizados por sus coordenadas en la malla NCAR; la información incluye el año, mes y día, así como el código del tipo de tiempo resultante.

Seagrasses have experienced major losses globally mostly attributed to human impacts. Recently they are also associated with marine heat waves. The paucity of information on seagrass mortality thermal thresholds prevents the assessment of the risk of seagrass loss under marine heat waves. We conducted a synthesis of reported empirically- or experimentally-determined seagrass upper thermal limits (Tlimit) and tested the hypothesis that they increase with increasing local annual temperature. We found that Tlimit increases 0.42± 0.07°C per°C increase in in situ annual temperature (R2 = 0.52). By combining modelled seagrass Tlimit across global coastal areas with current and projected thermal regimes derived from an ocean reanalysis and global climate models (GCMs), we assessed the proximity of extant seagrass meadows to their Tlimit and the time required for Tlimit to be met under high (RCP8.5) and moderate (RCP4.5) emission scenarios of greenhouse gases. Seagrass meadows worldwide showed a modal difference of 5°C between present Tmax and seagrass Tlimit. This difference was lower than 3°C at the southern Red Sea, the Arabian Gulf, the Gulf of Mexico, revealing these are the areas most in risk of warming-derived seagrass die-off, and up to 24°C at high latitude regions. Seagrasses could meet their Tlimit regularly in summer within 50-60 years or 100 years under, respectively, RCP8.5 or RCP4.5 scenarios for the areas most at risk, to more than 200 years for the Arctic under both scenarios. This study shows that implementation of the goals under the Paris Agreement would safeguard much of global seagrass from heat-derived mass mortality and identifies regions where actions to remove local anthropogenic stresses would be particularly relevant to meet the Target 10 of the Aichi Targets of the Convention of the Biological Diversity. 6 pages. -- Supplementary Figure 1. Current mean maximum summer temperature (average 𝑇!"# """""" for the period 1980-2005) across potential seagrass distribution. -- Supplementary Figure 2. Difference between current mean maximum summer temperature ( 𝑇!"# """""" ) and the Tlimit as a function of latitude. Negative and positive latitude values for southern and northern hemispheres, respectively. -- Supplementary Figure 3. Uncertainty associated to the time (in years) for mean maximum summer temperature to reach seagrass upper thermal limit (Tlim) at the warming rates projected under the RCP8.5 scenario around potential seagrass sites. -- Supplementary Figure 4. Time (in years) for mean maximum summer temperature to reach the upper thermal limits (Tlim) of temperate and tropical affinity seagrass flora at the warming rates projected under the RCP8.5 scenario around potential seagrass sites in the Mediterranean Sea and Queensland (Australia) coastal areas. -- Supplementary Figure 5. The time (in years) to reach Tlimit at the warming rates predicted under the RCP4.5 scenario around potential seagrass sites. -- Supplementary Figure 6. Time (in years) for mean maximum summer temperature to reach the upper thermal limits (Tlim) of temperate and tropical affinity seagrass flora at the warming rates projected under the RCP4.5 scenario around potential seagrass sites in the Mediterranean Sea and Queensland (Australia) coastal areas. Peer reviewed

Oceanographic data acquired during the TRANSIT_20220212 Cruise (29HE20220212) on board the Research Vessel Hespérides in 2022. Transit voyage without any scientific work.

The ECOREST_AUV campaign will focus on monitoring restored populations in closed areas and adjacent fishing grounds to assess the evolution of restored populations and monitor the evolution of ecosystem services provided, as well as the provision of habitat, breeding areas or a possible spillover effect of closed areas in adjacent areas. Oceanographic data acquired during the ECOREST_AUV Cruise (29GD20230602) on board the Research Vessel García del Cid in 2023.

Search and location of the remains of the submarine in the area using side-scan sonar and visual identification with a mini submarine. ARM-REC Cruise (29SG20220502) carried out on the Research Vessel Sarmiento de Gamboa in 2022.

EXport Processes in the Ocean from Remote Sensing (EXPORTS) is a large-scale NASA-led field campaign that will provide critical information for quantifying the export and fate of upper ocean net primary production (NPP) using satellite observations and state of the art ocean technologies. The goal of EXPORTS is to understand how the organic carbon makes it to the twilight zone and deep ocean interior, and how lon it stays there, which is vital to understanding present and future ocean ecosystems and global climate. Oceanographic data acquired during the EXPORTS Cruise (29SG20210503) on board the Research Vessel Sarmiento de Gamboa in 2021.

The MARIBNO project is located in the NW zone of Iberia, which constitutes an ideal environment to raise the following main objectives: 1. Study of the cortical structure at the western end of the Cantabrian Mountains and the transition zone between the western and northern margins of Iberia. 2. Study of the tectonic control exerted by the previous structures during the two main alpine stages. 3. Mapping and characterization of cortical domains using a multidisciplinary approach. Definition and application of geophysical and geological criteria applicable to the zonation of cortical domains in other parts of the world with similar contexts. Oceanographic data acquired during the MARIBNO Cruise (29SG20210914) on board the Research Vessel Sarmiento de Gamboa in 2021.

Assessment of fishing grounds Restoration after a Change of bottom trawling Otter boards (ARCO). The main objective of the ARCO project is to study the current sedimentary processes related with trawling activity in the Palamós submarine canyon after the change of trawl doors by the Palamós harbor fleet. The impacts of this type of fishing in deep-sea environments are considered very high due to their intensity and recurrence, and to the fact that sediment dynamics are less energetic and the benthonic ecosystems are more vulnerable and have less resilience than in neritic or shelf environments Oceanographic data acquired during the ARCO Cruise (29GD20230626) on board the Research Vessel García del Cid in 2023.