• Energy Research
• 11. Sustainability close
• Arabic close

While the international community has already been addressing many aspects of disasters, climate change and human mobility, in order to really make progress it is essential to bring together different strands of the discussion so as to develop a comprehensive response that also anticipates future challenges associated with climate change.

How the legal and normative frameworks are addressed will be critical to the security of people threatened by climate change.

Climate change adaptation strategies are urgently neededin Bangladesh but they must be community-led.

{"references": ["\u2022\t\u0623\u0628\u0627\u0638\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c2011\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 2011\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629.", "\u2022\t\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c 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Through this study, we will highlight waste and consider it as a source of renewable energy, particulary Algeria.

Adaptation to climate change has become an importantissue, both at international climate policy level and at thelevel of practical implementation on the ground.

With the prospect of more extreme weather events, it makes sense to strengthen the efforts of governments and communities to reduce disaster risks.

The performance and the thermal behavior of the solar chimney were investigated experimentally. The experimental data were collected from small pilot solar chimney which was designed and constructed at Sabratha Faculty of Engineering-Libya. Solar chimneys need solar radiation in order to work, thus, to have more stable condition, solar energy should be stored during the day and released back during the night. In order to investigate the temperature field during daylight and hours of darkness, the data were collected for a period of 24 hours for several days of months, May and June 2014. The investigation also include the effect of thermal storage on the temperature field. The solar chimney system contains two main components; the solar collector and the solar chimney. The solar collector roof has a circular area of 126 m2. A PVC pipe 0.2 m in diameter and 9 m in height was used as a chimney. Water containers were put as thermal blocks to study the effect of thermal storage on the performance of solar chimney. The measurements included the intensity of solar radiation inside/outside the collector, temperature and velocity of heated air at the entrance of the chimney, temperature and speed of wind outside the collector, temperature of the ground inside the collector and temperature measurements of air at particular points at different levels throughout the collector. Solar irradiance was found to affect the chimney temperature and subsequently chimney air velocity. The temperature difference between the hot air at chimney entrance and the ambient reached about 45 °C, which generates the driving force of airflow in the chimney. The hot air velocity in the chimney can reach 3.6 m/s (≈ 0.118 kg/sec). Wind speed was found to have a small influence on the performance of the solar chimney. The results indicate that the solar chimney system can operate in northwestern Libya. If this type of system is used on a large scale it can trap solar radiation and store a sufficient amount of heat through the use of additional heat storage such as water, which raises the air temperature in the collector after sunset to a sufficient value capable of generating air flow for a long time to run turbines to produce electricity during the day and after sunset especially during the summer time.

Owning an apartment is the first choice for some citizens in the big cities of Saudi Arabia for financial and cultural reasons. Considering cultural changes in residential design is mandatory as culture has a significant impact on the users’ needs at home. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the perceptions of women of apartment design in Jeddah city, which is the second major city in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia and contains the highest number of sale apartments. It aims to identify design issues in terms of apartment layout and flexibility. This research used a mixed methodology qualitative and quantitative that involved interviews with four groups of married women. The data was analyzed both descriptively and statistically using NVivo and SPSS software. The findings strongly reveal that the interior layout of residential apartments shows no consideration for the perception of women. They claim that the dead reception area takes up a considerable amount of the total apartment space. This indicates that cultural changes such guest reception at home affect the inhabitants’ needs at home. However, these needs are not considered in the design of apartments for sale. It also highlights the importance of spatial flexibility. Additionally, it was found that neither the age of the building nor the cost of the apartment results in a difference in the architectural layout of the apartments. Therefore, this study recommends that architects consider flexibility in their design of sale apartments to allow the users to change the interior layout according to their needs.

{"references": ["\u2022\t\u0623\u0628\u0627\u0638\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c2011\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 2011\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629.", "\u2022\t\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. www.univ-soukahras.dz/eprints/2017-947d8/pdf \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 29 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2017"]} Renewable energy is one of the topical issues, where it is the main source of world energy, because thery are climate-friendly envirement which managed to achieve sustainable development. Through this study, we will highlight waste and consider it as a source of renewable energy, particulary Algeria.

The electric energy demand in Libya has been growing continuously in various sectors due to population growth during the past few decades and due to the economic projects expansion in Libya, which led to rise in the living standard and an increase in the energy demand per capita. Many studies and research have been conducted to face this growth in electricity consumption, and to propose a clear medium and long term strategy for implementing renewable energy projects in the domestic sector to cover part of electricity demand and increase its contribution of power generation systems in the future, that will positively reduce the electric energy consumption and the emission of harmful gases to the environment. Solar water heating system is one of the most important renewable energy applications that can be used in the domestic sector, because hot water is main requirement for all citizens. This paper reviews the possibility of solar water heating in improving the energy demand management in Libya, by evaluating and comparing the current situation of domestic water heating which assume to be replaced gradually by solar water heating systems until 2050 considering 2014 as a base year. The solar water heating system provides 70% of the energy demand for water heating. To avoid exaggerating the estimate and expectations a Logistic Function is used to estimate the spread of solar water heating technology in the domestic sector in Libya.