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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Boer, Lukas;

    Diese Dissertation beantwortet verschiedene politikrelevante ökonomische Fragen in den Bereichen Handelspolitik, Geldpolitik, sowie Rohstoffmärkte und Energieökonomik mit Hilfe von strukturellen Vektorautoregressionsmodellen (SVAR). SVARs stellen eine effektive Möglichkeit dar, die Beziehungen zwischen verschiedenen makroökonomischen und/oder Finanzmarkt-Variablen zu modellieren und werden verwendet, um die dynamischen kausalen Effekte von ökonomischen Schocks zu schätzen. Für jede ökonomische Fragestellung wird eine Identifikationsstrategie angewandt, die auf die betrachteten Daten und ihre statistischen Eigenschaften sowie die zugrundeliegenden Annahmen über ökonomische Mechanismen zwischen den betrachteten Zeitreihen zugeschnitten ist. Im Einzelnen besteht diese Dissertation aus vier Kapiteln. In den ersten beiden Kapiteln werden die Auswirkungen von Handelspolitik auf Finanzmärkte und auf die Makroökonomie geschätzt. Das dritte Kapitel liefert einen methodischen Beitrag zur SVAR-Literatur, der in einer Anwendung zu den Effekten von Geldpolitik dargestellt wird. Das letzte Kapitel verlässt die Felder der Handels- und Geldpolitik und wendet sich Rohstoffmärkten und der Energiewirtschaft zu, stützt sich dabei aber ebenfalls auf Zeitreihenmethoden. Es analysiert die Rolle von Metallen in der Energiewende. This dissertation answers various policy relevant economic questions in the fields of trade policy, monetary policy, and commodity markets and energy economics using structural vector autoregression (SVAR) models. SVARs constitute a parsimonious way to model the relations between different macroeconomic and/or financial variables and they are used to estimate the dynamic causal effects of economic shocks. For each economic question, this dissertation applies an identification strategy that is tailored to the relevant data and its statistical properties as well as the underlying assumptions about economic mechanisms among the regarded time series. Specifically, this dissertation consists of four chapters. The first two chapters estimate the effects of trade policy on financial markets and on the macroeconomy. The third chapter makes a methodological contribution to the SVAR literature in an application to monetary policy shocks. The final chapter moves away from trade and monetary policy to commodity markets and energy economics but also relies on time series methods. It analyzes the role of metals for the clean energy transition.

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    Authors: Ebru SAYGILI; Seher GÖREN YARGI; Deniz ERGİNER;

    The concept of sustainability is continuously used in the environment, tourism, architecture, businesses and economy. In this study, the sustainability reports of public companies listed in BIST Sustainability Index are analysed under economic, environment and social categories identified by in the Global Reporting Initiative Reporting Guide. The aim of the study is to determine the disclosure practices of listed companies about sustainability issues. The sustainability reports of companies listed in BIST Sustainability Index are analysed with content analysis using Nvivo software programme and the result of the analysis are evaluated. The results of the study indicated that the most highlighted issues are as follows; in economic sustainability economic performance, in environmental sustainability products and services, in social sustainability employee and, health and safety issues. Further, the results of the regression analysis indicate that as the firm age and number of employees increase firms issue more comprehensive sustainability reports.

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    Yönetim ve Ekonomi
    Article . 2020
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      Yönetim ve Ekonomi
      Article . 2020
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    Authors: Buczko, Christina;

    Im Zentrum der Angebote transformativen Lernens oder transformativer Bildung steht die Frage, wie Bildung Menschen und auch Institutionen dabei unterstützen kann, globale Krisen und ihre oft lokalen Auswirkungen zu verstehen und ihnen zu begegnen. Wie kann eine positive Vision für die Zukunft aussehen, wie der Weg dorthin – und was kann jede/r Einzelne dazu beitragen? Am Beispiel der Genossenschaft für Gemeinwohl und der für Angebote im Bildungsbereich zuständigen Akademie für Gemeinwohl diskutiert der vorliegende Beitrag das Potential transformativer Bildungsangebote für ein demokratisches, nachhaltiges und am Gemeinwohl orientiertes Geld- und Finanzsystem. Beschrieben wird, wie ein vielfältiges Programm zu den Themen Geld und Finanzwesen sowie allgemein zu Wirtschaft und Politik im Sinne transformativer Bildung aussehen kann und welche Art von Wissen und Qualifikationen es hierzu zu vermitteln gilt. Übergeordnetes Ziel ist es, Bewusstsein für den Einfluss zu schaffen, den die Finanzwirtschaft auf unsere Wirtschaft, unsere Umwelt, unser Leben hat. (DIPF/Orig.) Transformative learning and transformative education offerings are organized around the question how education can support people as well as institutions in understanding and responding to global crises and their often local impacts. What is a positive vision for the future, what is the way there – and what can each individual do to achieve it? Using the examples of Genossenschaft für Gemeinwohl and Akademie für Gemeinwohl (Public Interest Academy), which is responsible for providing educational opportunities, this article discusses the potential of transformative education for a democratic, sustainable, public interest-oriented monetary and financial system. It describes what a diverse programme on the topics of money and finance and general economics and politics in the sense of transformative education might be like and what type of knowledge and qualifications are worth imparting. The overriding goal is to raise awareness of the influence that the financial industry has on our economy, our environment and our life. (DIPF/Orig.)

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.25656/01...
    Article . 2020
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.25656/01...
      Article . 2020
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Becke, Guido; Warsewa, Günter;

    Im Verlauf der vergangenen Dekaden haben sich die sozio-ökonomischen wie auch die normativen und regulativen Grundlagen der Governance der Erwerbsarbeit in einer Weise verändert, die für das Handeln des einzelnen Menschen als Arbeitskraft und tätiges Subjekt neue Voraussetzungen schafft: Erwerbstätige gewinnen als unmittelbare individuelle Akteure in der Governance von Arbeit an Bedeutung. Die damit einhergehenden Prozesse der Flexibilisierung, Subjektivierung und Entgrenzung von Arbeit werden in den einschlägigen Debatten häufig und mit guten Gründen kritisch interpretiert, z. B. als erweiterte Landnahme oder Kolonialisierung von Subjektivität. Im Unterschied dazu wird in diesem Beitrag der Frage nachgegangen, ob und inwiefern sich hierdurch auch neue Chancen für eine nachhaltige(re) und sozialverträgliche(re) Gestaltung von Arbeit eröffnen. Insbesondere für hoch qualifizierte Beschäftigte als Individuen wie als ,neue‘ kollektive Akteure eröffnen sich hierbei Macht- und Möglichkeitsräume, ihre erweiterte Subjektperspektive zur Geltung zu bringen - mit womöglich durchaus ambivalenten Wirkungen auf Strukturen der Governance von Erwerbsarbeit und für betriebliche Arbeitsbeziehungen. Since the 1980s, governance structures of work and employment and their regulative and normative foundations have changed significantly. Due to reforms of the welfare state and the emergence of new production concepts, employees gained in significance as individual actors. The flexibilisation, disentanglement and subjectivisation of work confronted individual employees with enhanced psycho-social stress at work, new management strategies capitalising on their subjectivity for economic goals and taking more individual responsibility for their career and course of life. However, in this contribution options for a more sustainable design of work are explored that are closely linked with employees as individual actors. New production concepts are increasingly vulnerable to highly skilled individual employees in their self-regulation of work. This dependence can open up new options for highly skilled employees to claim socially accepted demands on sustainability in work organisations - however, with ambivalent side effects as the fragmentation of interests within workforces. AIS-Studien

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.21241/ss...
    Other literature type . 2017
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.21241/ss...
      Other literature type . 2017
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    Authors: Droste-Franke, Bert;

    Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, ausgehend von vorhandenen Ansätzen, ein geschlossenes Konzept für die Berücksichtigung von Schäden durch die Schadstoffbelastung der Umwelt als Ergänzung von Volkswirtschaftlichen Gesamtrechnungen, sogenannten Umweltökonomischen Gesamtrechnungen (UGR), abzuleiten und dieses anhand der Umweltbelastung durch Luftschadstoffe und toxische Substanzen durchzuführen. Ausgehend von der Diskussion der beiden übergeordneten Ziele für eine umweltverträgliche wirtschaftliche Entwicklung, Effizienz und Nachhaltigkeit, werden zunächst Unterziele in Form von Prioritäten aufgestellt. Aus ihnen wird dann auf der Basis vorhandener Konzepte zu Indikatoren und UGR ein System von aggregierten Indikatoren entwickelt. Zur Berechnung der Indikatoren wird die Methodik des erweiterten Wirkungspfadansatzes vorgestellt. Neben der detaillierten Diskussion von Konzentrationswerten und Gesamtschäden für 1990 und 1998 erfolgt eine Analyse des zeitlichen und räumlichen Imports und Exports von Schäden sowie der Schäden, die durch unterschiedliche wirtschaftliche Aktivitäten in Deutschland entstehen. Zusätzlich werden mit Hilfe der Indikatoren die Nachhaltigkeit der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung und die Effizienz definierter Umweltziele beispielhaft für das Jahr 2005 untersucht. Zur Demonstration der Anwendbarkeit der berechneten Ergebnisse im Rahmen von UGR werden unter anderem beispielhaft Korrekturen der Wirtschaftsindikatoren durchgeführt, wie sie von Projekten der Europäischen Kommission und Aktivitäten der Vereinten Nationen in diesem Bereich vorgeschlagen werden. Die ermittelten gesamten Schadenskosten für die Jahre 1990 und 1998 in den EU-15 Staaten und Deutschland betragen mehrere Prozent des jeweiligen Bruttoinlandsprodukts. Die Analyse des Jahres 2005 hat gezeigt, dass die politischen Ziele für 2010 größtenteils bereits in 2005 eingehalten werden können. In einigen Ländern sind effiziente Minderungen über die Einhaltung der Ziele hinaus möglich. The objective of this thesis is to develop a consistent concept for the consideration of impacts due to the pollution of the environment in order to supplement national accounting systems in a so-called green accounting framework and to apply the concept for air pollution and the dispersion of toxic substances. Based on a discussion of the two major aims for environmentally friendly economic development, efficiency and sustainability, first, subordinate aims are formulated as priorities. These are used together with a discussion of existing concepts for indicators and environmental accounting to develop a system of aggregated indicators. For the estimation of indicator values, the extended impact pathway approach is presented. Besides a detailed discussion of the concentration levels and damages for 1990 and 1998, an analysis of temporal and spatial import and export of damages as well as the amount of damages caused by different economic activities in Germany are assessed. Furthermore, the sustainability of the economic development and the efficiency of given environmental targets are analysed applying the indicators exemplarily for the year 2005. In order to demonstrate the applicability of the results within environmental accounts, among other things exemplary corrections of economic indicators are carried out following the proposals from European Commission projects and from activities of the United Nations in this area. The estimated total damage costs occurring in 1990 and 1998 within the EU-15 and Germany result to a few percent of the respective gross domestic product. The analysis of the year 2005 showed that in some countries political targets which were originally set for 2010 can already be reached in 2005. Furthermore, in some countries efficient reductions beyond the accomplishment of the targets are possible.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
    Doctoral thesis . 2005
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      Doctoral thesis . 2005
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  • Authors: Unterk��fler, Nora;

    Neben soziodemographischen Problemen, wie ��beralterung oder Abwanderung sind St��dte zunehmend einem verst��rkten Wettbewerb ausgesetzt. Dabei wollen sie sich gegen��ber ihren Konkurrenten als Lebensraum, Wirtschaftsraum sowie Erholungs- und Einkaufsraum behaupten. Eines der Ziele von Stadtmarketing ist die Schaffung eines positiven Images und die damit einhergehende Steigerung der Attraktivit��t. Ein positives Stadtimage hat eine Vielzahl positiver Effekte und ebenfalls Einfluss auf Ortspr��ferenzen, wie Wohn- und Arbeitsortsentscheidungen. Um die Attraktivit��t einer Stadt tats��chlich zu verbessern, ist die Imageplanung zwingend mit Stadtentwicklungsma��nahmen verbunden und sollte ein glaubw��rdiges Bezugssystem darstellen. Das Leitbild der Nachhaltigkeit bietet sich als Bezugssystem an, da es f��r soziale Gerechtigkeit, f��r einen positiven Umgang mit der Natur und f��r eine aufstrebende Wirtschaft steht. Die Stadt Malm�� und das in Malm�� errichtete Stadtplanungsgebiet Western Harbour werden in dieser Arbeit als Case Study herangezogen und die Aspekte einer nachhaltigen Planung und eines Imagewandels hinterfragt. W��hrend der Imagewandel von einer ehemaligen Industriestadt hin zu einer vermeintlich nachhaltigen Stadt bzw. Green City gegl��ckt ist, wurden einige Aspekte der nachhaltigen Planung nicht beachtet. So l��sst sich beispielsweise ein erh��hter Energieverbrauch feststellen, ein hoher Anteil an motorisiertem Individualverkehr und eine enorme soziale Unausgeglichenheit, die die Kluft zwischen Arm und Reich in Malm�� vergr����ert. Besides sociodemographic problems, like aging of the population or emigration, cities are more and more in competition with each other. They want to prevail against their competition by offering a more attractive living environment, better economic opportunities and leisure activities. One of the main goals of city marketing is to create a positive image and to make a city more attractive. A positive city image has a multitude of positive effects and it even influences preferences in terms of places, like where people decide to work or live. To make a city more attractive, planning an image of the city has to be linked to urban development strategies, to represent a believable frame of references. The concept of sustainability seems to be a perfect frame of reference since it stands for social fairness, conservation with natural resources and a prosperous economy. The city of Malm�� and the urban development project Western Harbour are used as a case study in this thesis and the aspects of sustainable planning and the change of the image are scrutinized. While the image of Malm�� really changed from an industrial city towards a sustainable or green city, some of the sustainable aspects were not fulfilled. There is for example a higher use of energy, a higher percentage of motorised private transport and a social imbalance which increases the gap between rich and poor in Malm��.

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  • Authors: Peter, Elsner; M��ller-Kirschbaum, Thomas; Schweitzer, Katharina; Wolf, Ronja; +35 Authors

    Heutige Produktions- und Konsummuster folgen weitgehend einer linearen Logik: abbauen, herstellen, konsumieren, entsorgen. Nur neun Prozent der Weltwirtschaft sind laut Circular Gap Report 2020 kreislaufgef��hrt. Doch dieses Wirtschaftsprinzip tr��gt zu einer massiven ��berschreitung der ���Planetaren Grenzen��� und damit zu einer Destabilisierung der ��kosysteme und Lebensgrundlage der Menschen bei, wie etwa des Klimasystems und der Artenvielfalt. Demzufolge wird derzeit viel ��ber einen Paradigmenwechsel in der Logik industrieller Wertsch��pfung diskutiert ��� weg von einem ressourcenintensiven hin zu einem ressourcenproduktiven, weitgehend kreislaufgef��hrten Modell. F��r das Industrie- und Exportland Deutschland ergeben sich weitreichende Chancen, schlie��lich bedeutet dieser Wechsel nicht weniger als eine Neuinterpretation des Modells ���Made in Germany���. Die Europ��ische Union und zahlreiche Mitgliedsl��nder haben bereits strategische Pl��ne f��r einen ��bergang zu einer ressourcenschonenden Wirtschaftsweise nach den Prinzipien der Circular Economy entwickelt. Auch au��erhalb von Europa folgen L��nder dieser Leitidee, beispielsweise China, Japan oder Kanada. F��r Deutschland fehlt solch ein Plan derzeit. Die Circular Economy Initiative Deutschland (CEID) hat zum Ziel, als Multi-Stakeholder-Prozess mit mehr als f��nfzig Institutionen aus Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft und Zivilgesellschaft die Grundlage f��r einen solchen Plan zu legen. In interdisziplin��ren und branchen��bergreifenden Arbeitsgruppen er��rtern rund 130 Expertinnen und Experten, wie zirkul��re Wirtschaftssysteme erm��glicht und umgesetzt werden k��nnen. Dazu untersuchen sie m��gliche Anwendungsfelder und diskutieren, welche Rahmenbedingungen zu einer erfolgreichen Umsetzung f��hren k��nnten. Die Circular Economy Initiative Deutschland definiert Ziele f��r diesen Ver��nderungsprozess und fokussiert folgende Themen: - Zirkul��re Gesch��ftsmodelle und digitale Technologien als Innovationstreiber - Neue Wertsch��pfungsnetzwerke f��r Batterien und Verpackung - Rahmenbedingungen f��r eine zirkul��re Transformation und Bemessung der volkswirtschaftlichen Circular-Economy-Potenziale Zwischen Oktober 2019 und Dezember 2020 hat die Arbeitsgruppe Verpackung der Circular Economy Initiative Deutschland ein gemeinsames Zielbild 2030 und Handlungsempfehlungen hin zu einer Kreislaufwirtschaft (CE) f��r Verpackungen entwickelt. Mit einer wertsch��pfungsketten��bergreifenden Betrachtung hat die Arbeitsgruppe Anreiz und Nutzen f��r die Kreislauff��hrung von Verpackungsmaterialien zwischen relevanten Akteuren beleuchtet und dadurch Handlungsoptionen entlang der gesamten Wertsch��pfungskette identifiziert. Damit unterst��tzen die Mitglieder die Initiierung, Umsetzung und langfristige Verankerung der Circular Economy in Deutschland und dar��ber hinaus. Mit 20 Mitgliedsorganisationen der Arbeitsgruppe ���Verpackung��� umfassen die Mitglieder Vertreterinnen und Vertreter aus f��hrenden deutschen Unternehmen, akademischen Institutionen und zivilgesellschaftlichen Vereinigungen ��ber die gesamte Wertsch��pfungskette hinweg. Damit konnte die Arbeitsgruppe ihr Ziel erreichen, eine wissenschaftlich fundierte und m��glichst ganzheitliche Betrachtung des Themas zu gew��hrleisten. Most current patterns of production and consumption follow a linear ���extract, produce, consume, dispose��� model. According to the Circular Gap Report 2020, the global economy is just 9% circular. This economic model is contributing to a massive transgression of ���planetary boundaries��� and the destabilisation of ecosystems and factors essential to human life such as the climate system and biodiversity. As a result, there is currently much discussion of a paradigm shift in the industrial value creation model, away from a resource-intensive system and towards a resource-productive, predominantly circular model. This shift offers significant opportunities for an industrialized, exporting nation like Germany ��� ultimately, it entails nothing less than a recasting of the ���Made in Germany��� model. The European Union and several of its member states have already developed strategic plans for the transition to a resource-efficient economic system based on circular economy principles. Non-European countries such as China, Japan and Canada are also following the same fundamental approach. However, Germany has yet to formulate a plan of its own. The Circular Economy Initiative Deutschland (CEID) is a multi-stakeholder initiative involving over fifty institutions from science, industry and civil society that aims to lay the foundations of a plan for Germany. In its interdisciplinary, cross-sectoral working groups, some 130 experts consider how to enable and implement circular economic models, exploring potential fields of application and discussing the conditions that could facilitate successful implementation. The Circular Economy Initiative Deutschland is developing targets for the transition, with a focus on the following themes: - Circular business models and digital technologies as drivers for innovation - New value networks for batteries and packaging - Framework conditions for a circular transformation and assessment of circularity���s economic potential Between October 2019 und December 2020, the Working Group ���Packaging��� of the Circular Economy Initiative Deutschland developed a joint target picture 2030 and recommendations for action for the establishment of a Circular Economy for packaging. With a cross-value chain approach, the Working Group highlighted incentives and benefits for the recycling of packaging materials across relevant stakeholders and thereby identified options for action along the entire value chain. With the report, the members support the initiation, implementation and long-term anchoring of the Circular Economy in Germany and beyond. The 20 members of the Working Group ���Packaging��� are experts from leading academic institutions, German businesses and civil society across the entire packaging value chain. This composition allowed the group to achieve its goal of addressing the topic as holistically as possible.

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    Authors: Kullmann, Armin;

    Die Regionalvermarktung durch Regionalinitiativen ist vielfach eine Erfolgsgeschichte, in deren Folge sich auch regionales Lebensmittel-Marketing im Lebensmittel-Einzelhandel etabliert hat. Voll entwickelte Regionalinitiativen folgen dem ���dualen Modell���, sind gleichzeitig Netzwerk und Unternehmen. Der Nachhaltigkeit der Produkte kommt in vielen Konzepten eine h��here Bedeutung zu. Was macht nachhaltige regionale Wertsch��pfungsorganisationen erfolgreich? Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage werden in dieser Arbeit - aufbauend auf Theoriegrundlagen zu Innovation und Kooperation, Sozialkapital und Netzwerken, kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen sowie regionaler Governance - drei regionale Fallstudien-Projekte sowie ein Referenzprojekt untersucht, deren Entwicklungsprozesse analysiert und visualisiert. Neben der Akteurs- und Handlungstheorie werden Begriffe systemischer Theorien zur Erkl��rung genutzt. In diesem Zuge werden 70 Erfolgsfaktoren als Elemente dieser Systeme hergeleitet, identifiziert und beschrieben, die acht Ebenen eines qualitativen System-Modells nachhaltiger regionaler WSO zugeordnet werden; dessen Aufbau wird in dieser Arbeit systematisch dargestellt. Diese Erfolgsfaktoren und das System-Modell werden f��r vertiefende Analysen genutzt, deren weitere Ergebnisse beschrieben. In der Diskussion werden Anregungen zur gezielten Weiterentwicklung nachhaltiger regionaler Wertsch��pfungsorganisationen formuliert. Regional and local food-marketing, driven by regional initiatives of farmers and other activists, are a success story, which has been followed up by regional marketing-strategies in retail markets. Fully developed regional initiatives are ���dual models���; they are networks as well as enterprises. Sustainability of production plays a big role in many initiatives and in a growing market. But what makes ���sustainable regional value-adding organizations��� successful? The answer to this question in this study has been built on theories of innovation and cooperation, networks and social capital, small and medium enterprises and regional governance. The development-processes of three case-study- and one reference-project have been intensively analysed and partly visualized, explained with patterns of actors- as well as systems-theory. In this process 70 success factors have been deduced, identified and described as elements of these systems, which have been assigned to eight levels of an qualitative system-model. Both, success factors and the system-model, have been used and testet for some deeper studies, the findings are displayed here. In the discussion suggestions for the further development of sustainable regional value-adding organizations are made.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.18452/23...
    Doctoral thesis . 2021
    License: CC BY
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.18452/23...
      Doctoral thesis . 2021
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  • Authors: Derksen, Felix; Dörpinghaus, Jens;

    Skills and qualifications are at the heart of designing digitalized and sustainable futures, as they link society and the labour market. While the design of digitalized futures raises several issues for society, society in turn, and in particular skills and qualifications, can be a bottleneck for maintaining productivity and the workforce. The labor market relies heavily on both vocational and academic education and training, retraining, and continuing professional development to meet these future challenges. Thus, at the individual level, the question arises as to what qualifications and skills are needed in a digitalized and sustainable future. In this paper we present a novel approach to analyze advertisements for continuing vocational education and training (CVET) in order to identify if skills and qualifications needed for digitalization and sustainability are currently considered, and if the so-called green economy is also important for CVETs.

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  • Authors: M, Sagmeister; U, Gessner; B, Horisberger; F, Gutzwiller;

    Mortality from ischemic heart disease (ICD 410-414) is changing. Remarkable decreases have been observed in the age groups from 35-64 years, while overall mortality (all age groups) has remained approximately stable. In Switzerland this has meant a gain of some 4700 life years in the period 1988 to 1993 in the working population (35-64 years). The object of this study was to assess the associated change in indirect costs (productivity losses) due to premature death, using the human capital approach. The indirect costs were CHF 519 million (CHF 7.5 million per 100,000 population) in 1993. This represents approximately half of all indirect costs (and 25% of the total costs generated by the disease). Compared with the year 1988, a decrease in productivity losses due to premature death was observed amounting to CHF 46 million (-11%) in constant Swiss francs. Society benefits from this decrease in indirect costs, a desirable development hardly ever mentioned.

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    Authors: Boer, Lukas;

    Diese Dissertation beantwortet verschiedene politikrelevante ökonomische Fragen in den Bereichen Handelspolitik, Geldpolitik, sowie Rohstoffmärkte und Energieökonomik mit Hilfe von strukturellen Vektorautoregressionsmodellen (SVAR). SVARs stellen eine effektive Möglichkeit dar, die Beziehungen zwischen verschiedenen makroökonomischen und/oder Finanzmarkt-Variablen zu modellieren und werden verwendet, um die dynamischen kausalen Effekte von ökonomischen Schocks zu schätzen. Für jede ökonomische Fragestellung wird eine Identifikationsstrategie angewandt, die auf die betrachteten Daten und ihre statistischen Eigenschaften sowie die zugrundeliegenden Annahmen über ökonomische Mechanismen zwischen den betrachteten Zeitreihen zugeschnitten ist. Im Einzelnen besteht diese Dissertation aus vier Kapiteln. In den ersten beiden Kapiteln werden die Auswirkungen von Handelspolitik auf Finanzmärkte und auf die Makroökonomie geschätzt. Das dritte Kapitel liefert einen methodischen Beitrag zur SVAR-Literatur, der in einer Anwendung zu den Effekten von Geldpolitik dargestellt wird. Das letzte Kapitel verlässt die Felder der Handels- und Geldpolitik und wendet sich Rohstoffmärkten und der Energiewirtschaft zu, stützt sich dabei aber ebenfalls auf Zeitreihenmethoden. Es analysiert die Rolle von Metallen in der Energiewende. This dissertation answers various policy relevant economic questions in the fields of trade policy, monetary policy, and commodity markets and energy economics using structural vector autoregression (SVAR) models. SVARs constitute a parsimonious way to model the relations between different macroeconomic and/or financial variables and they are used to estimate the dynamic causal effects of economic shocks. For each economic question, this dissertation applies an identification strategy that is tailored to the relevant data and its statistical properties as well as the underlying assumptions about economic mechanisms among the regarded time series. Specifically, this dissertation consists of four chapters. The first two chapters estimate the effects of trade policy on financial markets and on the macroeconomy. The third chapter makes a methodological contribution to the SVAR literature in an application to monetary policy shocks. The final chapter moves away from trade and monetary policy to commodity markets and energy economics but also relies on time series methods. It analyzes the role of metals for the clean energy transition.

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    Authors: Ebru SAYGILI; Seher GÖREN YARGI; Deniz ERGİNER;

    The concept of sustainability is continuously used in the environment, tourism, architecture, businesses and economy. In this study, the sustainability reports of public companies listed in BIST Sustainability Index are analysed under economic, environment and social categories identified by in the Global Reporting Initiative Reporting Guide. The aim of the study is to determine the disclosure practices of listed companies about sustainability issues. The sustainability reports of companies listed in BIST Sustainability Index are analysed with content analysis using Nvivo software programme and the result of the analysis are evaluated. The results of the study indicated that the most highlighted issues are as follows; in economic sustainability economic performance, in environmental sustainability products and services, in social sustainability employee and, health and safety issues. Further, the results of the regression analysis indicate that as the firm age and number of employees increase firms issue more comprehensive sustainability reports.

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    Article . 2020
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      Article . 2020
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    Authors: Buczko, Christina;

    Im Zentrum der Angebote transformativen Lernens oder transformativer Bildung steht die Frage, wie Bildung Menschen und auch Institutionen dabei unterstützen kann, globale Krisen und ihre oft lokalen Auswirkungen zu verstehen und ihnen zu begegnen. Wie kann eine positive Vision für die Zukunft aussehen, wie der Weg dorthin – und was kann jede/r Einzelne dazu beitragen? Am Beispiel der Genossenschaft für Gemeinwohl und der für Angebote im Bildungsbereich zuständigen Akademie für Gemeinwohl diskutiert der vorliegende Beitrag das Potential transformativer Bildungsangebote für ein demokratisches, nachhaltiges und am Gemeinwohl orientiertes Geld- und Finanzsystem. Beschrieben wird, wie ein vielfältiges Programm zu den Themen Geld und Finanzwesen sowie allgemein zu Wirtschaft und Politik im Sinne transformativer Bildung aussehen kann und welche Art von Wissen und Qualifikationen es hierzu zu vermitteln gilt. Übergeordnetes Ziel ist es, Bewusstsein für den Einfluss zu schaffen, den die Finanzwirtschaft auf unsere Wirtschaft, unsere Umwelt, unser Leben hat. (DIPF/Orig.) Transformative learning and transformative education offerings are organized around the question how education can support people as well as institutions in understanding and responding to global crises and their often local impacts. What is a positive vision for the future, what is the way there – and what can each individual do to achieve it? Using the examples of Genossenschaft für Gemeinwohl and Akademie für Gemeinwohl (Public Interest Academy), which is responsible for providing educational opportunities, this article discusses the potential of transformative education for a democratic, sustainable, public interest-oriented monetary and financial system. It describes what a diverse programme on the topics of money and finance and general economics and politics in the sense of transformative education might be like and what type of knowledge and qualifications are worth imparting. The overriding goal is to raise awareness of the influence that the financial industry has on our economy, our environment and our life. (DIPF/Orig.)

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.25656/01...
    Article . 2020
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    Authors: Becke, Guido; Warsewa, Günter;

    Im Verlauf der vergangenen Dekaden haben sich die sozio-ökonomischen wie auch die normativen und regulativen Grundlagen der Governance der Erwerbsarbeit in einer Weise verändert, die für das Handeln des einzelnen Menschen als Arbeitskraft und tätiges Subjekt neue Voraussetzungen schafft: Erwerbstätige gewinnen als unmittelbare individuelle Akteure in der Governance von Arbeit an Bedeutung. Die damit einhergehenden Prozesse der Flexibilisierung, Subjektivierung und Entgrenzung von Arbeit werden in den einschlägigen Debatten häufig und mit guten Gründen kritisch interpretiert, z. B. als erweiterte Landnahme oder Kolonialisierung von Subjektivität. Im Unterschied dazu wird in diesem Beitrag der Frage nachgegangen, ob und inwiefern sich hierdurch auch neue Chancen für eine nachhaltige(re) und sozialverträgliche(re) Gestaltung von Arbeit eröffnen. Insbesondere für hoch qualifizierte Beschäftigte als Individuen wie als ,neue‘ kollektive Akteure eröffnen sich hierbei Macht- und Möglichkeitsräume, ihre erweiterte Subjektperspektive zur Geltung zu bringen - mit womöglich durchaus ambivalenten Wirkungen auf Strukturen der Governance von Erwerbsarbeit und für betriebliche Arbeitsbeziehungen. Since the 1980s, governance structures of work and employment and their regulative and normative foundations have changed significantly. Due to reforms of the welfare state and the emergence of new production concepts, employees gained in significance as individual actors. The flexibilisation, disentanglement and subjectivisation of work confronted individual employees with enhanced psycho-social stress at work, new management strategies capitalising on their subjectivity for economic goals and taking more individual responsibility for their career and course of life. However, in this contribution options for a more sustainable design of work are explored that are closely linked with employees as individual actors. New production concepts are increasingly vulnerable to highly skilled individual employees in their self-regulation of work. This dependence can open up new options for highly skilled employees to claim socially accepted demands on sustainability in work organisations - however, with ambivalent side effects as the fragmentation of interests within workforces. AIS-Studien

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.21241/ss...
    Other literature type . 2017
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.21241/ss...
      Other literature type . 2017
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    Authors: Droste-Franke, Bert;

    Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, ausgehend von vorhandenen Ansätzen, ein geschlossenes Konzept für die Berücksichtigung von Schäden durch die Schadstoffbelastung der Umwelt als Ergänzung von Volkswirtschaftlichen Gesamtrechnungen, sogenannten Umweltökonomischen Gesamtrechnungen (UGR), abzuleiten und dieses anhand der Umweltbelastung durch Luftschadstoffe und toxische Substanzen durchzuführen. Ausgehend von der Diskussion der beiden übergeordneten Ziele für eine umweltverträgliche wirtschaftliche Entwicklung, Effizienz und Nachhaltigkeit, werden zunächst Unterziele in Form von Prioritäten aufgestellt. Aus ihnen wird dann auf der Basis vorhandener Konzepte zu Indikatoren und UGR ein System von aggregierten Indikatoren entwickelt. Zur Berechnung der Indikatoren wird die Methodik des erweiterten Wirkungspfadansatzes vorgestellt. Neben der detaillierten Diskussion von Konzentrationswerten und Gesamtschäden für 1990 und 1998 erfolgt eine Analyse des zeitlichen und räumlichen Imports und Exports von Schäden sowie der Schäden, die durch unterschiedliche wirtschaftliche Aktivitäten in Deutschland entstehen. Zusätzlich werden mit Hilfe der Indikatoren die Nachhaltigkeit der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung und die Effizienz definierter Umweltziele beispielhaft für das Jahr 2005 untersucht. Zur Demonstration der Anwendbarkeit der berechneten Ergebnisse im Rahmen von UGR werden unter anderem beispielhaft Korrekturen der Wirtschaftsindikatoren durchgeführt, wie sie von Projekten der Europäischen Kommission und Aktivitäten der Vereinten Nationen in diesem Bereich vorgeschlagen werden. Die ermittelten gesamten Schadenskosten für die Jahre 1990 und 1998 in den EU-15 Staaten und Deutschland betragen mehrere Prozent des jeweiligen Bruttoinlandsprodukts. Die Analyse des Jahres 2005 hat gezeigt, dass die politischen Ziele für 2010 größtenteils bereits in 2005 eingehalten werden können. In einigen Ländern sind effiziente Minderungen über die Einhaltung der Ziele hinaus möglich. The objective of this thesis is to develop a consistent concept for the consideration of impacts due to the pollution of the environment in order to supplement national accounting systems in a so-called green accounting framework and to apply the concept for air pollution and the dispersion of toxic substances. Based on a discussion of the two major aims for environmentally friendly economic development, efficiency and sustainability, first, subordinate aims are formulated as priorities. These are used together with a discussion of existing concepts for indicators and environmental accounting to develop a system of aggregated indicators. For the estimation of indicator values, the extended impact pathway approach is presented. Besides a detailed discussion of the concentration levels and damages for 1990 and 1998, an analysis of temporal and spatial import and export of damages as well as the amount of damages caused by different economic activities in Germany are assessed. Furthermore, the sustainability of the economic development and the efficiency of given environmental targets are analysed applying the indicators exemplarily for the year 2005. In order to demonstrate the applicability of the results within environmental accounts, among other things exemplary corrections of economic indicators are carried out following the proposals from European Commission projects and from activities of the United Nations in this area. The estimated total damage costs occurring in 1990 and 1998 within the EU-15 and Germany result to a few percent of the respective gross domestic product. The analysis of the year 2005 showed that in some countries political targets which were originally set for 2010 can already be reached in 2005. Furthermore, in some countries efficient reductions beyond the accomplishment of the targets are possible.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
    Doctoral thesis . 2005
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      Doctoral thesis . 2005
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  • Authors: Unterk��fler, Nora;

    Neben soziodemographischen Problemen, wie ��beralterung oder Abwanderung sind St��dte zunehmend einem verst��rkten Wettbewerb ausgesetzt. Dabei wollen sie sich gegen��ber ihren Konkurrenten als Lebensraum, Wirtschaftsraum sowie Erholungs- und Einkaufsraum behaupten. Eines der Ziele von Stadtmarketing ist die Schaffung eines positiven Images und die damit einhergehende Steigerung der Attraktivit��t. Ein positives Stadtimage hat eine Vielzahl positiver Effekte und ebenfalls Einfluss auf Ortspr��ferenzen, wie Wohn- und Arbeitsortsentscheidungen. Um die Attraktivit��t einer Stadt tats��chlich zu verbessern, ist die Imageplanung zwingend mit Stadtentwicklungsma��nahmen verbunden und sollte ein glaubw��rdiges Bezugssystem darstellen. Das Leitbild der Nachhaltigkeit bietet sich als Bezugssystem an, da es f��r soziale Gerechtigkeit, f��r einen positiven Umgang mit der Natur und f��r eine aufstrebende Wirtschaft steht. Die Stadt Malm�� und das in Malm�� errichtete Stadtplanungsgebiet Western Harbour werden in dieser Arbeit als Case Study herangezogen und die Aspekte einer nachhaltigen Planung und eines Imagewandels hinterfragt. W��hrend der Imagewandel von einer ehemaligen Industriestadt hin zu einer vermeintlich nachhaltigen Stadt bzw. Green City gegl��ckt ist, wurden einige Aspekte der nachhaltigen Planung nicht beachtet. So l��sst sich beispielsweise ein erh��hter Energieverbrauch feststellen, ein hoher Anteil an motorisiertem Individualverkehr und eine enorme soziale Unausgeglichenheit, die die Kluft zwischen Arm und Reich in Malm�� vergr����ert. Besides sociodemographic problems, like aging of the population or emigration, cities are more and more in competition with each other. They want to prevail against their competition by offering a more attractive living environment, better economic opportunities and leisure activities. One of the main goals of city marketing is to create a positive image and to make a city more attractive. A positive city image has a multitude of positive effects and it even influences preferences in terms of places, like where people decide to work or live. To make a city more attractive, planning an image of the city has to be linked to urban development strategies, to represent a believable frame of references. The concept of sustainability seems to be a perfect frame of reference since it stands for social fairness, conservation with natural resources and a prosperous economy. The city of Malm�� and the urban development project Western Harbour are used as a case study in this thesis and the aspects of sustainable planning and the change of the image are scrutinized. While the image of Malm�� really changed from an industrial city towards a sustainable or green city, some of the sustainable aspects were not fulfilled. There is for example a higher use of energy, a higher percentage of motorised private transport and a social imbalance which increases the gap between rich and poor in Malm��.

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  • Authors: Peter, Elsner; M��ller-Kirschbaum, Thomas; Schweitzer, Katharina; Wolf, Ronja; +35 Authors

    Heutige Produktions- und Konsummuster folgen weitgehend einer linearen Logik: abbauen, herstellen, konsumieren, entsorgen. Nur neun Prozent der Weltwirtschaft sind laut Circular Gap Report 2020 kreislaufgef��hrt. Doch dieses Wirtschaftsprinzip tr��gt zu einer massiven ��berschreitung der ���Planetaren Grenzen��� und damit zu einer Destabilisierung der ��kosysteme und Lebensgrundlage der Menschen bei, wie etwa des Klimasystems und der Artenvielfalt. Demzufolge wird derzeit viel ��ber einen Paradigmenwechsel in der Logik industrieller Wertsch��pfung diskutiert ��� weg von einem ressourcenintensiven hin zu einem ressourcenproduktiven, weitgehend kreislaufgef��hrten Modell. F��r das Industrie- und Exportland Deutschland ergeben sich weitreichende Chancen, schlie��lich bedeutet dieser Wechsel nicht weniger als eine Neuinterpretation des Modells ���Made in Germany���. Die Europ��ische Union und zahlreiche Mitgliedsl��nder haben bereits strategische Pl��ne f��r einen ��bergang zu einer ressourcenschonenden Wirtschaftsweise nach den Prinzipien der Circular Economy entwickelt. Auch au��erhalb von Europa folgen L��nder dieser Leitidee, beispielsweise China, Japan oder Kanada. F��r Deutschland fehlt solch ein Plan derzeit. Die Circular Economy Initiative Deutschland (CEID) hat zum Ziel, als Multi-Stakeholder-Prozess mit mehr als f��nfzig Institutionen aus Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft und Zivilgesellschaft die Grundlage f��r einen solchen Plan zu legen. In interdisziplin��ren und branchen��bergreifenden Arbeitsgruppen er��rtern rund 130 Expertinnen und Experten, wie zirkul��re Wirtschaftssysteme erm��glicht und umgesetzt werden k��nnen. Dazu untersuchen sie m��gliche Anwendungsfelder und diskutieren, welche Rahmenbedingungen zu einer erfolgreichen Umsetzung f��hren k��nnten. Die Circular Economy Initiative Deutschland definiert Ziele f��r diesen Ver��nderungsprozess und fokussiert folgende Themen: - Zirkul��re Gesch��ftsmodelle und digitale Technologien als Innovationstreiber - Neue Wertsch��pfungsnetzwerke f��r Batterien und Verpackung - Rahmenbedingungen f��r eine zirkul��re Transformation und Bemessung der volkswirtschaftlichen Circular-Economy-Potenziale Zwischen Oktober 2019 und Dezember 2020 hat die Arbeitsgruppe Verpackung der Circular Economy Initiative Deutschland ein gemeinsames Zielbild 2030 und Handlungsempfehlungen hin zu einer Kreislaufwirtschaft (CE) f��r Verpackungen entwickelt. Mit einer wertsch��pfungsketten��bergreifenden Betrachtung hat die Arbeitsgruppe Anreiz und Nutzen f��r die Kreislauff��hrung von Verpackungsmaterialien zwischen relevanten Akteuren beleuchtet und dadurch Handlungsoptionen entlang der gesamten Wertsch��pfungskette identifiziert. Damit unterst��tzen die Mitglieder die Initiierung, Umsetzung und langfristige Verankerung der Circular Economy in Deutschland und dar��ber hinaus. Mit 20 Mitgliedsorganisationen der Arbeitsgruppe ���Verpackung��� umfassen die Mitglieder Vertreterinnen und Vertreter aus f��hrenden deutschen Unternehmen, akademischen Institutionen und zivilgesellschaftlichen Vereinigungen ��ber die gesamte Wertsch��pfungskette hinweg. Damit konnte die Arbeitsgruppe ihr Ziel erreichen, eine wissenschaftlich fundierte und m��glichst ganzheitliche Betrachtung des Themas zu gew��hrleisten. Most current patterns of production and consumption follow a linear ���extract, produce, consume, dispose��� model. According to the Circular Gap Report 2020, the global economy is just 9% circular. This economic model is contributing to a massive transgression of ���planetary boundaries��� and the destabilisation of ecosystems and factors essential to human life such as the climate system and biodiversity. As a result, there is currently much discussion of a paradigm shift in the industrial value creation model, away from a resource-intensive system and towards a resource-productive, predominantly circular model. This shift offers significant opportunities for an industrialized, exporting nation like Germany ��� ultimately, it entails nothing less than a recasting of the ���Made in Germany��� model. The European Union and several of its member states have already developed strategic plans for the transition to a resource-efficient economic system based on circular economy principles. Non-European countries such as China, Japan and Canada are also following the same fundamental approach. However, Germany has yet to formulate a plan of its own. The Circular Economy Initiative Deutschland (CEID) is a multi-stakeholder initiative involving over fifty institutions from science, industry and civil society that aims to lay the foundations of a plan for Germany. In its interdisciplinary, cross-sectoral working groups, some 130 experts consider how to enable and implement circular economic models, exploring potential fields of application and discussing the conditions that could facilitate successful implementation. The Circular Economy Initiative Deutschland is developing targets for the transition, with a focus on the following themes: - Circular business models and digital technologies as drivers for innovation - New value networks for batteries and packaging - Framework conditions for a circular transformation and assessment of circularity���s economic potential Between October 2019 und December 2020, the Working Group ���Packaging��� of the Circular Economy Initiative Deutschland developed a joint target picture 2030 and recommendations for action for the establishment of a Circular Economy for packaging. With a cross-value chain approach, the Working Group highlighted incentives and benefits for the recycling of packaging materials across relevant stakeholders and thereby identified options for action along the entire value chain. With the report, the members support the initiation, implementation and long-term anchoring of the Circular Economy in Germany and beyond. The 20 members of the Working Group ���Packaging��� are experts from leading academic institutions, German businesses and civil society across the entire packaging value chain. This composition allowed the group to achieve its goal of addressing the topic as holistically as possible.

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    Authors: Kullmann, Armin;

    Die Regionalvermarktung durch Regionalinitiativen ist vielfach eine Erfolgsgeschichte, in deren Folge sich auch regionales Lebensmittel-Marketing im Lebensmittel-Einzelhandel etabliert hat. Voll entwickelte Regionalinitiativen folgen dem ���dualen Modell���, sind gleichzeitig Netzwerk und Unternehmen. Der Nachhaltigkeit der Produkte kommt in vielen Konzepten eine h��here Bedeutung zu. Was macht nachhaltige regionale Wertsch��pfungsorganisationen erfolgreich? Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage werden in dieser Arbeit - aufbauend auf Theoriegrundlagen zu Innovation und Kooperation, Sozialkapital und Netzwerken, kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen sowie regionaler Governance - drei regionale Fallstudien-Projekte sowie ein Referenzprojekt untersucht, deren Entwicklungsprozesse analysiert und visualisiert. Neben der Akteurs- und Handlungstheorie werden Begriffe systemischer Theorien zur Erkl��rung genutzt. In diesem Zuge werden 70 Erfolgsfaktoren als Elemente dieser Systeme hergeleitet, identifiziert und beschrieben, die acht Ebenen eines qualitativen System-Modells nachhaltiger regionaler WSO zugeordnet werden; dessen Aufbau wird in dieser Arbeit systematisch dargestellt. Diese Erfolgsfaktoren und das System-Modell werden f��r vertiefende Analysen genutzt, deren weitere Ergebnisse beschrieben. In der Diskussion werden Anregungen zur gezielten Weiterentwicklung nachhaltiger regionaler Wertsch��pfungsorganisationen formuliert. Regional and local food-marketing, driven by regional initiatives of farmers and other activists, are a success story, which has been followed up by regional marketing-strategies in retail markets. Fully developed regional initiatives are ���dual models���; they are networks as well as enterprises. Sustainability of production plays a big role in many initiatives and in a growing market. But what makes ���sustainable regional value-adding organizations��� successful? The answer to this question in this study has been built on theories of innovation and cooperation, networks and social capital, small and medium enterprises and regional governance. The development-processes of three case-study- and one reference-project have been intensively analysed and partly visualized, explained with patterns of actors- as well as systems-theory. In this process 70 success factors have been deduced, identified and described as elements of these systems, which have been assigned to eight levels of an qualitative system-model. Both, success factors and the system-model, have been used and testet for some deeper studies, the findings are displayed here. In the discussion suggestions for the further development of sustainable regional value-adding organizations are made.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.18452/23...
    Doctoral thesis . 2021
    License: CC BY
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.18452/23...
      Doctoral thesis . 2021
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  • Authors: Derksen, Felix; Dörpinghaus, Jens;

    Skills and qualifications are at the heart of designing digitalized and sustainable futures, as they link society and the labour market. While the design of digitalized futures raises several issues for society, society in turn, and in particular skills and qualifications, can be a bottleneck for maintaining productivity and the workforce. The labor market relies heavily on both vocational and academic education and training, retraining, and continuing professional development to meet these future challenges. Thus, at the individual level, the question arises as to what qualifications and skills are needed in a digitalized and sustainable future. In this paper we present a novel approach to analyze advertisements for continuing vocational education and training (CVET) in order to identify if skills and qualifications needed for digitalization and sustainability are currently considered, and if the so-called green economy is also important for CVETs.

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  • Authors: M, Sagmeister; U, Gessner; B, Horisberger; F, Gutzwiller;

    Mortality from ischemic heart disease (ICD 410-414) is changing. Remarkable decreases have been observed in the age groups from 35-64 years, while overall mortality (all age groups) has remained approximately stable. In Switzerland this has meant a gain of some 4700 life years in the period 1988 to 1993 in the working population (35-64 years). The object of this study was to assess the associated change in indirect costs (productivity losses) due to premature death, using the human capital approach. The indirect costs were CHF 519 million (CHF 7.5 million per 100,000 population) in 1993. This represents approximately half of all indirect costs (and 25% of the total costs generated by the disease). Compared with the year 1988, a decrease in productivity losses due to premature death was observed amounting to CHF 46 million (-11%) in constant Swiss francs. Society benefits from this decrease in indirect costs, a desirable development hardly ever mentioned.

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