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  • Energy Research
  • 12. Responsible consumption
  • 6. Clean water
  • 9. Industry and infrastructure
  • Spanish; Castilian

  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Espinel Gómez, Betty Liliana; Calanche Rodríguez, Cindy Paola; Sánchez Camargo, Leonardo Andrés;

    El mundo actual vive una experiencia diferente a nivel económico y social. Debido a los cambios que ha generado la pandemia ocasiona por el COVID – 19. En este momento son varias las empresas que se han adaptado a la nueva normalidad y por ello, han tenido que evaluar sus capacidades tecnológicas para desarrollar sus actividades desde lugares remotos, lejos de sus instalaciones y buscando siempre que la productividad de sus negocios, no se siga viendo afectada por las necesidades actuales. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar las oportunidades que tiene la empresa ITtech Solutions para incursionar en el mercado colombiano a través de la prestación de servicios en telecomunicaciones y validar la viabilidad de ser proveedor de productos de importantes empresas como Oracle, Microsoft e Infobid, toda vez que dichas soluciones integrales de comunicaciones, son tendencia en empresas que hacen parte de la banca en Colombia, ya que incorporan elementos como el SBC y el SD-WAN. Today's world lives a different experience on an economic and social level. Due to the changes generated by the pandemic caused by COVID - 19. At this time, several companies have adapted to the new normal and therefore have had to evaluate their technological capabilities to develop their activities from remote locations, away from your facilities and always looking for the productivity of your business, not to continue being affected by current needs. The objective of this work is to identify the opportunities that the ITtech Solutions company has to enter the Colombian market through the provision of telecommunications services and validate the viability of being a supplier of products to important companies such as Oracle, Microsoft and Infobid, all Once these integral communications solutions are a trend in companies that are part of banking in Colombia, since they incorporate elements such as the SBC and the SD-WAN. Administrador de Empresas Trabajo de grado

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Biblioteca Digital M...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Biblioteca Digital M...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Cristóbal García, Jorge;

    De continuar con el ritmo de emisión de contaminantes alcanzado en los últimos años, y más concretamente de dióxido de carbono (CO2), las previsiones sobre su concentración en la atmósfera son dramáticas (por encima de 600 ppmv) con unas consecuencias irreversibles para el planeta. Para logar las reducciones de contaminantes que se acuerdan en las cumbres internacionales es necesario, entre otras medidas, la reducción de emisiones en la producción de electricidad a partir de combustibles fósiles, entre ellos el carbón. La presente Tesis Doctoral propone una metodología y una serie de herramientas de toma de decisión cuyo fin es evaluar y aumentar la sostenibilidad del proceso de generación de electricidad a partir del carbón. Esta metodología está basada en programación matemática para resolver problemas de optimización multi-objetivo. Además es aplicable a un amplio rango de procesos e industrias que se enfrenten a problemas de decisión similares If the pollutant emission level continues as usual in the late years, especially those of carbon dioxide (CO2), the atmosphere concentration projections are dramatic (above 600 ppmv) with irreversible consequences to the planet. In order to achieve the binding targets of reductions agreed in the international summit meetings, it is necessary the reduction of emissions from the electricity production from fossil-fueled power plants, especially coal-fired. The objective of this work is developing a methodology and providing tools that help in the decision making process in order to evaluate and enhance the sustainability of the electricity production process form coal. This methodology is based on mathematical programming that allows solving multi-objective optimization problems. Besides, it is applicable to a wide range of processes and industries that face similar decision problems.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Tesis Doctorals en X...arrow_drop_down
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    Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa
    Doctoral thesis . 2013
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Tesis Doctorals en X...arrow_drop_down
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      Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa
      Doctoral thesis . 2013
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    Authors: Martínez Castillo, Róger;

    La agricultura subordinada al capital financiero internacional, mediante laagroindustria de alimentos e insumos, está bajo intereses que actúan con unalógica lucrativa.Los productos transgénicos tienen impactos negativos en la agricultura y laexpulsión de trabajadores rurales hacia áreas urbanas, incrementa en el uso deagroquímicos y la degradación nutritiva de la alimentación.Deben desarrollarse políticas de regulación controlados públicamente, paramonitorear, evaluar y evitar los riesgos sociales y ambientales de laagrobiotecnología. Agriculture subordinated to international financial capital, through agriculturalindustry of food and expenses, is under interests that act with a lucrative logic.Transgenic products have negative impacts on agriculture and displacement ofrural workers to urban areas, increasing the use of agrochemicals and thedeterioration of nourishment.Publicly controlled regulation policies must be developed, for monitoring,evaluating, and avoiding the social and environmental risks of agriculturalbiotechnology.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ LAReferencia - Red F...arrow_drop_down
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Cárdenas Espejo, Noé; Gómez Sánchez, Néstor José; Manotas Albor, Alberto José; Tromp Herrera, Jonathan José;

    En este trabajo se presenta la aplicación del modelo RISE (ruta de innovación y sostenibilidad empresarial) en la empresa Logia 3 S.A.S en la ciudad de Bogotá. Se desarrolló con entrevistas a través de la plataforma Google meet con la gerente y sus principales líderes, donde cada uno dio una puntuación para cada factor en su respectiva dimensión bajo la estructura de la matriz RISE. Una vez calificadas las entrevistas se procedió con la compilación de la información y se fueron presentando a la gerencia las guías de acuerdo con las instrucciones del facilitador de la Universidad EAN, quien dio sus observaciones respectivas. Este informe contempla los siguientes puntos: 1) En Introducción se presenta a la empresa y el sector al que pertenece, 2) El objeto del trabajo o de la consultoría, 3) El plan de trabajo realizado por el grupo de consultoría, 4) La identificación de la empresa, 5) Breve análisis financiero, 6) Presentación y análisis consolidado RISE (riesgos y fortalezas), 7) Análisis por factor y dimensión, 8) Ruta de innovación y sostenibilidad empresarial (RISE) 9) Recomendaciones al gerente para la implementación de la RISE 10) Conclusiones 11) Referencias This work presents the application of the RISE model (route of innovation and business sustainability) in the company LOGIA 3 S.A.S in the City of Bogotá. It was developed with interviews through the Google meet platform with the manager and his main leaders, where each one gave a score for each factor in its respective dimension under the structure of the RISE matrix. Once the interviews were qualified, the information was compiled and the guides were presented to the management in accordance with the instructions of the EAN University facilitator, who gave their respective observations. This report includes the following points: 1) The Introduction presents the company and the sector to which it belongs, 2) The object of the work or consulting, 3) The work plan carried out by the consulting group, 4) The identification of the company, 5) Brief financial analysis, 6) Presentation and consolidated analysis of RISE (risks and strengths), 7) Analysis by factor and dimension, 8) Path of innovation and business sustainability (RISE) 9) Recommendations to the manager for the implementation of RISE 10) Conclusions 11) References Especialista en Gerencia de Proyectos Especialización

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Biblioteca Digital M...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Biblioteca Digital M...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Aznar Minguet, Pilar; Ull, M. Ángeles; Martínez-Agut, M. Pilar; Piñero, Albert;

    El objetivo principal de este estudio se dirige a diagnosticar el nivel de introducción de la sostenibilidad en las actividades docentes y facilitar la autoevaluación profesional del profesorado universitario desde criterios de sostenibilidad.El estudio está basado en la investigación evaluativa como metodología asociada al paradigma sociocrítico; se analizan los resultados de la aplicación de un cuestionario autodiagnóstico validado, dirigido al profesorado de las áreas científico-técnicas de la Universitat de València. En el proceso sistemático de recogida y análisis de la información se han aplicado criterios para garantizar la calidad del juicio emitido.Los resultados ofrecen un diagnóstico sobre la inclusión de la sostenibilidad en la docencia en las áreas de Ciencias e Ingeniería, objeto del estudio, y pueden servir como punto de partida para iniciar un proceso de cambio y transición hacia prácticas docentes que incluyan los principios, criterios y valores relacionados con la sostenibilidad. L'objectiu principal d'aquest estudi es dirigeix a diagnosticar el nivell d'introducció de la sostenibilitat en les activitats docents i facilitar l'autoavaluació professional del professorat universitari des de criteris de sostenibilitat.L'estudi està basat en la recerca evaluativa com a metodologia associada al paradigma sociocrític; s'analitzen els resultats de l'aplicació d'un qüestionari autodiagnòstic validat, dirigit al professorat de les àrees cientificotècniques de la Universitat de València. En el procés sistemàtic de recollida i anàlisi de la informació s'han aplicat criteris per garantir la qualitat del judici emès.Els resultats ofereixen un diagnòstic sobre la inclusió de la sostenibilitat en la docència a les àrees de Ciències i Enginyeria, objecte de l'estudi, i poden servir com a punt de partida per iniciar un procés de canvi i transició cap a pràctiques docents que incloguin els principis, criteris i valors relacionats amb la sostenibilitat. The overall objective of our study is focused on diagnosing the level of introduction of sustainability in teaching activities and to facilitate professional self-assessment of University teachers under sustainability criteria.The study is based on evaluative research as a methodology associated to the socio-critical paradigm. The results of a validated self-assessment questionnaire addressed to the teachers of the scientific-technical areas of the University of Valencia, are analyzed.The results offer a diagnosis about the inclusion of sustainability in the areas of Sciences and Engineering under the scope of this study, and serve as starting point to begin a change and transition process towards teaching methodologies including principles, criteria and values dealing with sustainability.

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Recolector de Cienci...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Garrido, Jaime; Rodríguez, Ignacio; Vallejos-Romero, Arturo;

    El estudio investiga las respuestas de la comunidad local al proyecto Parque Eólico Chiloé (PECh) que pretende instalarse en la zona de Mar Brava, comuna de Ancud, Chile. Al igual que en muchos otros casos de conflictos sociales por la instalación de parques eólicos alrededor del mundo, en este estudio de caso nos encontramos en presencia de una opinión pública mayoritaria que se muestra a favor de este tipo de energía, pero que se opone a la instalación de un parque eólico concreto en un territorio determinado. En este trabajo, se presentan los resultados de una investigación exploratoria que tuvo como objetivo la comprensión de las respuestas de la comunidad local ante el envío del proyecto PECh al Sistema de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental. Para ello, se propuso un diseño cualitativo, utilizando preferentemente técnicas dialógicas de indagación. La muestra fue intencionada e identificó a los principales actores que protagonizan el conflicto. Los resultados muestran que el surgimiento de la tensión se vincula con una multiplicidad de factores: a) la percepción de daño al patrimonio natural y cultural; b) la percepción de los fuertes efectos negativos del proyecto en las actividades productivas locales; c) la desconfianza en los promotores de la iniciativa, en las autoridades locales y en la institucionalidad ambiental, y d) la amenaza a los proyectos de vida de los habitantes de la zona. Concluimos que, si se quiere impulsar el desarrollo de las energías limpias para mitigar los efectos del cambio climático, debería prestarse una mayor atención a estos aspectos. L'estudi investiga les respostes de la comunitat local al projecte Parque Eólico Chiloé (PECh) que pretén instal·lar-se a la zona de Mar Brava, municipi d'Ancud, Xile. Igual que en molts altres casos de conflictes socials per la instal·lació de parcs eòlics arreu del món, en aquest estudi de cas ens trobem en presència d'una opinió pública majoritària que es mostra a favor d'aquest tipus d'energia, però que s'oposa a la instal·lació d'un parc eòlic concret en un territori determinat. En aquest treball, es presenten els resultats d'una recerca exploratòria que va tenir com a objectiu la comprensió de les respostes de la comunitat local davant l'enviament del projecte PECh al Sistema d'Avaluació d'Impacte Ambiental. Per a això, es va proposar un disseny qualitatiu, utilitzant preferentment tècniques dialògiques d'indagació. La mostra va ser intencionada i va identificar els actors principals que protagonitzen el conflicte. Els resultats mostren que el sorgiment de la tensió es vincula amb una multiplicitat de factors: a) la percepció de dany al patrimoni natural i cultural; b) la percepció dels forts efectes negatius del projecte en les activitats productives locals; c) la desconfiança en els promotors de la iniciativa, en les autoritats locals i en la institucionalitat ambiental, i d) l'amenaça als projectes de vida dels habitants de la zona. Concloem que, si es vol impulsar el desenvolupament de les energies netes per mitigar els efectes del canvi climàtic, hauria de prestar-se més atenció a aquests aspectes. This study explores the responses of the local community to the Parque eólico Chiloé (PECh) project, which is to be installed in the Mar Brava area of Ancud, Chile. Like many other social conflicts involving wind energy developments that have arisen around the world, we find significant public support for wind energy but resistance by the local population to a particular wind farm development. This paper presents the results of an exploratory research study whose aim was to understand the local community's responses to the PECh project sent to the Environmental Impact Assessment System in Chile. A qualitative design primarily with dialogic inquiry techniques has been used. The sample was intentional, identifying the main actors involved in the conflict. The results show that the social conflict is related to multiple factors: a) the perception of damages to natural and cultural heritage; b) the perception of negative strong effects that the wind farm development would have on local productive activities; c) local community distrust towards the company, local authorities and environmental regulators, and d) the threat to life projects of the local people. In order to drive the sustainable development of renewable energy to mitigate the effects of climate change, more attention should be paid to these aspects.

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Recolector de Cienci...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Avendaño Oviedo, Efren; Benites Torres, Edward Daniel; Infante Ramos, Sergio Andres;

    El aprovechamiento de aguas pluviales consiste en utilizar las cubiertas de los edificios como captadores; de este modo, el agua se recoge mediante canaletas, canalones o sumideros en un techo, tejado o una terraza, y se conduce a través de bajantes, para almacenarse finalmente en un depósito. El propósito de esta investigación está enfocado en evaluar la viabilidad de un proyecto de esta naturaleza, en las instalaciones de la unidad de salud Compensar salitre determinado la relación costo/beneficio, además de llevar a cabo la etapa preliminar de planeación. The use of rainwater consists of using the roofs of the buildings as collectors; in this way, the water is collected through gutters, gutters or drains on a roof, roof or terrace, and is conducted through downspouts, to be finally stored in a tank. The purpose of this research is focused on evaluating the viability of a project of this nature, in the facilities of the Compensar salitre health unit, determining the cost / benefit ratio, in addition to carrying out the preliminary planning stage. Especialista en Gerencia de Proyectos

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Jorge Luis Cornejo Jacob;

    Se analizaron en este trabajo seis secuencias de destilación reactiva y unidad de separación (la secuencia convencional, la secuencia térmicamente acoplada y la secuencia térmicamente acoplada con uso mínimo de rehervidores, cada secuencia contó con su forma directa e indirecta) para producción de biodiesel mediante la esterificación de ácido láurico con metanol. Se evaluaron la robustez de las secuencias frente a perturbaciones, el arreglo de ganancias relativas (RGA) y la descomposición en valores singulares (DVS) con el fin de seguir el comportamiento dinámico de las seis secuencias cuando se les aplican diferentes perturbaciones en el flujo de entrada de los dos reactivos; de esta manera se encontraron regiones donde la operación es estable y controlable. Para la DVS se aplicaron perturbaciones en estado dinámico a las variables manipulables (relaciones de reflujo y cargas térmicas); las respuestas se ajustaron a modelos afines, con esto se obtuvieron los valores de valor singular mínimo y número de condición de cada secuencia. Para el análisis de RGA se perturbaron los valores iniciales de los productos y con las respuestas se arma la matriz de ganancias de la cual se obtienen su inversa y la transpuesta de la última y por último se aplica el producto Schur y se obtiene el análisis de RGA. Para realizar el análisis de controlabilidad se usaron tres controladores del tipo Proporcional-Integral (PI) previamente sintonizados, se aplicaron 3 diferentes perturbaciones en los flujos de entrada de las secuencias y se graficaron los resultados de productos y comportamiento de variables. Los resultados de controlabilidad se corroboran con los resultados del análisis DVS donde se observa que las secuencias que exhiben mejor control y robustez son la secuencia convencional indirecta y la secuencia térmicamente acoplada indirecta con uso mínimo de rehervidores. Six sequences of reactive distillation followed by a separation unit (conventional, thermally coupled and thermally coupled with minimum use of reboilers, each one in direct and indirect form) for the biodiesel production by esterification of lauric acid with methanol were analysed in this work. Also robustness against disturbances, relative gain array (RGA) and singular value decomposition (SVD) were evaluated in order to follow dynamic behaviour of the six sequences after perturbation in the feed flow rates of the two reactants; in this way regions for stable and controllable operation of the sequences were found. SVD was performed by disturbing the manipulate variables in dynamic state (reflux ratios and thermal duties); each response was adjusted to similar models in order to obtain the minimal singular value and the condition number for each sequence. In the case of the RGA, disturbance of the initial values of the products yield the gains matrix, which is inverted and transpose to, finally, practice the Schur product. To perform the controllability analysis, three Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers tuned previously were used; different disturbances were applied to the inlet flow rates and dynamic responses were followed. Controllability results confirmed the information yield by the SVD, it was observed that the sequences that exhibit the best robustness and controllability properties were the indirect conventional sequence and the indirect thermally coupled with minimum use of reboilers sequence. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Maestría en Ciencias en Ingeniería Química

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    Authors: Martínez, Marius|||0000-0001-9803-1275; Martínez, Sergi; Ferrer-Esteban, Gerard|||0000-0001-7394-3139; Martínez, Carme; +1 Authors

    Aquest article tanca el cercle d'una experiència de desenvolupament d'una comunitat d'aprenentatge. Es descriuen breument els marcs teòric i sociològic que delimiten el context per a la descripció del desenvolupament d'una comunitat. L'article finalitza amb uns apunts sobre la sostenibilitat dels projectes i la seva relació íntima amb la formació, la recerca i l'avaluació, que arriben a constituir el triangle per a la sostenibilitat. This article finishes a series about the development of a learning community. It describes briefly the theoretical and the sociological framework wich define and helps to describe the development of a community. The article finishes with some keynotes about sustainability, that is to say: the possibility or need to maintain the project and it's development. To do so, training, researching and evaluating are considered the three angles of the sustainability triangle. Este artículo cierra el círculo de una experiencia de desarrollo de una comunidad de aprendizaje. En él se describen brevemente los marcos teórico y sociológico que delimitan el contexto para la descripción del desarrollo de una comunidad. El artículo finaliza con unos apuntes sobre la sostenibilidad de los proyectos y su íntima relación con la formación, la investigación y la evaluación, que llegan a constituir el triángulo de la sostenibilidad.

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    Authors: Centeno Mora, Erick; Murillo Marín, Adrián;

    Este artículo aborda el tema del tratamiento sostenible de las aguas residuales en pequeñas comunidades de Costa Rica. Aunque esfuerzos recientes muestran interés político en mejorar el rezago histórico que sufre el país en infraestructura sanitaria, existen pocas referencias que guíen el proceso de selección de la tecnología y escala más adecuadas para los sistemas a implantar. Este trabajo provee un análisis de tres tecnologías para plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales (PTAR) de aplicación factible en el país. Para ello se estimó la demanda de área (DA), el costo constructivo (CC) y el costo de operación y mantenimiento (CO&M) de PTAR en diferentes escalas. Se mostró que los sistemas con humedal construido tienen la mayor DA y los menores CC y CO&M. Los sistemas con reactor anaerobio de flujo ascendente de manto de lodo seguido de filtro biológico percolador (UASB + FBP) tuvieron DA ligeramente mayores a las de los sistemas de lodos activados de aireación extendida (LAE), con CC ligeramente inferiores para la primera tecnología y CO&M de 50 a 100% mayores para los LAE. El estudio comprobó que la práctica actual de uso extendido de sistemas LAE en pequeña escala no resulta la opción más sostenible, por lo que se insta a que en el futuro se consideren escalas de PTAR mayores y se amplíe el abanico de tecnologías utilizadas en el país, aprovechando algunas recientes experiencias exitosas en países con condiciones similares. This article discusses the sustainable treatment of sewage for small communities in Costa Rica. Although recent efforts show a political interest in improving the country's historical lag in sanitation infrastructure, there are few references that guide the selection process of the most appropriate technology and scale for the systems to be installed. This work provides an analysis of three technologies for wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) of feasible application in the country. For this, the area demand (AD), the building cost (BC) and the operation and maintenance cost (O&MC) of STPs at different scales were estimated. It was shown that systems with constructed wetland have the highest AD and the lowest BC and O&MC. The systems with upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor followed by trickling filter (UASB + TF) had a larger AD than those of activated sludge with extended aeration (ASE), with BC smaller for the first technology and CO&M 50 to 100% higher for ASE. The study found that the current practice of extended use of small-scale ASE systems is not the most sustainable option. Thus, it is advised that future WWTP consider larger scales and alternative technologies, emulating some recent successful experiences in countries with similar conditions.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Espinel Gómez, Betty Liliana; Calanche Rodríguez, Cindy Paola; Sánchez Camargo, Leonardo Andrés;

    El mundo actual vive una experiencia diferente a nivel económico y social. Debido a los cambios que ha generado la pandemia ocasiona por el COVID – 19. En este momento son varias las empresas que se han adaptado a la nueva normalidad y por ello, han tenido que evaluar sus capacidades tecnológicas para desarrollar sus actividades desde lugares remotos, lejos de sus instalaciones y buscando siempre que la productividad de sus negocios, no se siga viendo afectada por las necesidades actuales. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar las oportunidades que tiene la empresa ITtech Solutions para incursionar en el mercado colombiano a través de la prestación de servicios en telecomunicaciones y validar la viabilidad de ser proveedor de productos de importantes empresas como Oracle, Microsoft e Infobid, toda vez que dichas soluciones integrales de comunicaciones, son tendencia en empresas que hacen parte de la banca en Colombia, ya que incorporan elementos como el SBC y el SD-WAN. Today's world lives a different experience on an economic and social level. Due to the changes generated by the pandemic caused by COVID - 19. At this time, several companies have adapted to the new normal and therefore have had to evaluate their technological capabilities to develop their activities from remote locations, away from your facilities and always looking for the productivity of your business, not to continue being affected by current needs. The objective of this work is to identify the opportunities that the ITtech Solutions company has to enter the Colombian market through the provision of telecommunications services and validate the viability of being a supplier of products to important companies such as Oracle, Microsoft and Infobid, all Once these integral communications solutions are a trend in companies that are part of banking in Colombia, since they incorporate elements such as the SBC and the SD-WAN. Administrador de Empresas Trabajo de grado

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Cristóbal García, Jorge;

    De continuar con el ritmo de emisión de contaminantes alcanzado en los últimos años, y más concretamente de dióxido de carbono (CO2), las previsiones sobre su concentración en la atmósfera son dramáticas (por encima de 600 ppmv) con unas consecuencias irreversibles para el planeta. Para logar las reducciones de contaminantes que se acuerdan en las cumbres internacionales es necesario, entre otras medidas, la reducción de emisiones en la producción de electricidad a partir de combustibles fósiles, entre ellos el carbón. La presente Tesis Doctoral propone una metodología y una serie de herramientas de toma de decisión cuyo fin es evaluar y aumentar la sostenibilidad del proceso de generación de electricidad a partir del carbón. Esta metodología está basada en programación matemática para resolver problemas de optimización multi-objetivo. Además es aplicable a un amplio rango de procesos e industrias que se enfrenten a problemas de decisión similares If the pollutant emission level continues as usual in the late years, especially those of carbon dioxide (CO2), the atmosphere concentration projections are dramatic (above 600 ppmv) with irreversible consequences to the planet. In order to achieve the binding targets of reductions agreed in the international summit meetings, it is necessary the reduction of emissions from the electricity production from fossil-fueled power plants, especially coal-fired. The objective of this work is developing a methodology and providing tools that help in the decision making process in order to evaluate and enhance the sustainability of the electricity production process form coal. This methodology is based on mathematical programming that allows solving multi-objective optimization problems. Besides, it is applicable to a wide range of processes and industries that face similar decision problems.

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    Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa
    Doctoral thesis . 2013
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      Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa
      Doctoral thesis . 2013
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    Authors: Martínez Castillo, Róger;

    La agricultura subordinada al capital financiero internacional, mediante laagroindustria de alimentos e insumos, está bajo intereses que actúan con unalógica lucrativa.Los productos transgénicos tienen impactos negativos en la agricultura y laexpulsión de trabajadores rurales hacia áreas urbanas, incrementa en el uso deagroquímicos y la degradación nutritiva de la alimentación.Deben desarrollarse políticas de regulación controlados públicamente, paramonitorear, evaluar y evitar los riesgos sociales y ambientales de laagrobiotecnología. Agriculture subordinated to international financial capital, through agriculturalindustry of food and expenses, is under interests that act with a lucrative logic.Transgenic products have negative impacts on agriculture and displacement ofrural workers to urban areas, increasing the use of agrochemicals and thedeterioration of nourishment.Publicly controlled regulation policies must be developed, for monitoring,evaluating, and avoiding the social and environmental risks of agriculturalbiotechnology.

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    Authors: Cárdenas Espejo, Noé; Gómez Sánchez, Néstor José; Manotas Albor, Alberto José; Tromp Herrera, Jonathan José;

    En este trabajo se presenta la aplicación del modelo RISE (ruta de innovación y sostenibilidad empresarial) en la empresa Logia 3 S.A.S en la ciudad de Bogotá. Se desarrolló con entrevistas a través de la plataforma Google meet con la gerente y sus principales líderes, donde cada uno dio una puntuación para cada factor en su respectiva dimensión bajo la estructura de la matriz RISE. Una vez calificadas las entrevistas se procedió con la compilación de la información y se fueron presentando a la gerencia las guías de acuerdo con las instrucciones del facilitador de la Universidad EAN, quien dio sus observaciones respectivas. Este informe contempla los siguientes puntos: 1) En Introducción se presenta a la empresa y el sector al que pertenece, 2) El objeto del trabajo o de la consultoría, 3) El plan de trabajo realizado por el grupo de consultoría, 4) La identificación de la empresa, 5) Breve análisis financiero, 6) Presentación y análisis consolidado RISE (riesgos y fortalezas), 7) Análisis por factor y dimensión, 8) Ruta de innovación y sostenibilidad empresarial (RISE) 9) Recomendaciones al gerente para la implementación de la RISE 10) Conclusiones 11) Referencias This work presents the application of the RISE model (route of innovation and business sustainability) in the company LOGIA 3 S.A.S in the City of Bogotá. It was developed with interviews through the Google meet platform with the manager and his main leaders, where each one gave a score for each factor in its respective dimension under the structure of the RISE matrix. Once the interviews were qualified, the information was compiled and the guides were presented to the management in accordance with the instructions of the EAN University facilitator, who gave their respective observations. This report includes the following points: 1) The Introduction presents the company and the sector to which it belongs, 2) The object of the work or consulting, 3) The work plan carried out by the consulting group, 4) The identification of the company, 5) Brief financial analysis, 6) Presentation and consolidated analysis of RISE (risks and strengths), 7) Analysis by factor and dimension, 8) Path of innovation and business sustainability (RISE) 9) Recommendations to the manager for the implementation of RISE 10) Conclusions 11) References Especialista en Gerencia de Proyectos Especialización

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    Authors: Aznar Minguet, Pilar; Ull, M. Ángeles; Martínez-Agut, M. Pilar; Piñero, Albert;

    El objetivo principal de este estudio se dirige a diagnosticar el nivel de introducción de la sostenibilidad en las actividades docentes y facilitar la autoevaluación profesional del profesorado universitario desde criterios de sostenibilidad.El estudio está basado en la investigación evaluativa como metodología asociada al paradigma sociocrítico; se analizan los resultados de la aplicación de un cuestionario autodiagnóstico validado, dirigido al profesorado de las áreas científico-técnicas de la Universitat de València. En el proceso sistemático de recogida y análisis de la información se han aplicado criterios para garantizar la calidad del juicio emitido.Los resultados ofrecen un diagnóstico sobre la inclusión de la sostenibilidad en la docencia en las áreas de Ciencias e Ingeniería, objeto del estudio, y pueden servir como punto de partida para iniciar un proceso de cambio y transición hacia prácticas docentes que incluyan los principios, criterios y valores relacionados con la sostenibilidad. L'objectiu principal d'aquest estudi es dirigeix a diagnosticar el nivell d'introducció de la sostenibilitat en les activitats docents i facilitar l'autoavaluació professional del professorat universitari des de criteris de sostenibilitat.L'estudi està basat en la recerca evaluativa com a metodologia associada al paradigma sociocrític; s'analitzen els resultats de l'aplicació d'un qüestionari autodiagnòstic validat, dirigit al professorat de les àrees cientificotècniques de la Universitat de València. En el procés sistemàtic de recollida i anàlisi de la informació s'han aplicat criteris per garantir la qualitat del judici emès.Els resultats ofereixen un diagnòstic sobre la inclusió de la sostenibilitat en la docència a les àrees de Ciències i Enginyeria, objecte de l'estudi, i poden servir com a punt de partida per iniciar un procés de canvi i transició cap a pràctiques docents que incloguin els principis, criteris i valors relacionats amb la sostenibilitat. The overall objective of our study is focused on diagnosing the level of introduction of sustainability in teaching activities and to facilitate professional self-assessment of University teachers under sustainability criteria.The study is based on evaluative research as a methodology associated to the socio-critical paradigm. The results of a validated self-assessment questionnaire addressed to the teachers of the scientific-technical areas of the University of Valencia, are analyzed.The results offer a diagnosis about the inclusion of sustainability in the areas of Sciences and Engineering under the scope of this study, and serve as starting point to begin a change and transition process towards teaching methodologies including principles, criteria and values dealing with sustainability.

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    Authors: Garrido, Jaime; Rodríguez, Ignacio; Vallejos-Romero, Arturo;

    El estudio investiga las respuestas de la comunidad local al proyecto Parque Eólico Chiloé (PECh) que pretende instalarse en la zona de Mar Brava, comuna de Ancud, Chile. Al igual que en muchos otros casos de conflictos sociales por la instalación de parques eólicos alrededor del mundo, en este estudio de caso nos encontramos en presencia de una opinión pública mayoritaria que se muestra a favor de este tipo de energía, pero que se opone a la instalación de un parque eólico concreto en un territorio determinado. En este trabajo, se presentan los resultados de una investigación exploratoria que tuvo como objetivo la comprensión de las respuestas de la comunidad local ante el envío del proyecto PECh al Sistema de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental. Para ello, se propuso un diseño cualitativo, utilizando preferentemente técnicas dialógicas de indagación. La muestra fue intencionada e identificó a los principales actores que protagonizan el conflicto. Los resultados muestran que el surgimiento de la tensión se vincula con una multiplicidad de factores: a) la percepción de daño al patrimonio natural y cultural; b) la percepción de los fuertes efectos negativos del proyecto en las actividades productivas locales; c) la desconfianza en los promotores de la iniciativa, en las autoridades locales y en la institucionalidad ambiental, y d) la amenaza a los proyectos de vida de los habitantes de la zona. Concluimos que, si se quiere impulsar el desarrollo de las energías limpias para mitigar los efectos del cambio climático, debería prestarse una mayor atención a estos aspectos. L'estudi investiga les respostes de la comunitat local al projecte Parque Eólico Chiloé (PECh) que pretén instal·lar-se a la zona de Mar Brava, municipi d'Ancud, Xile. Igual que en molts altres casos de conflictes socials per la instal·lació de parcs eòlics arreu del món, en aquest estudi de cas ens trobem en presència d'una opinió pública majoritària que es mostra a favor d'aquest tipus d'energia, però que s'oposa a la instal·lació d'un parc eòlic concret en un territori determinat. En aquest treball, es presenten els resultats d'una recerca exploratòria que va tenir com a objectiu la comprensió de les respostes de la comunitat local davant l'enviament del projecte PECh al Sistema d'Avaluació d'Impacte Ambiental. Per a això, es va proposar un disseny qualitatiu, utilitzant preferentment tècniques dialògiques d'indagació. La mostra va ser intencionada i va identificar els actors principals que protagonitzen el conflicte. Els resultats mostren que el sorgiment de la tensió es vincula amb una multiplicitat de factors: a) la percepció de dany al patrimoni natural i cultural; b) la percepció dels forts efectes negatius del projecte en les activitats productives locals; c) la desconfiança en els promotors de la iniciativa, en les autoritats locals i en la institucionalitat ambiental, i d) l'amenaça als projectes de vida dels habitants de la zona. Concloem que, si es vol impulsar el desenvolupament de les energies netes per mitigar els efectes del canvi climàtic, hauria de prestar-se més atenció a aquests aspectes. This study explores the responses of the local community to the Parque eólico Chiloé (PECh) project, which is to be installed in the Mar Brava area of Ancud, Chile. Like many other social conflicts involving wind energy developments that have arisen around the world, we find significant public support for wind energy but resistance by the local population to a particular wind farm development. This paper presents the results of an exploratory research study whose aim was to understand the local community's responses to the PECh project sent to the Environmental Impact Assessment System in Chile. A qualitative design primarily with dialogic inquiry techniques has been used. The sample was intentional, identifying the main actors involved in the conflict. The results show that the social conflict is related to multiple factors: a) the perception of damages to natural and cultural heritage; b) the perception of negative strong effects that the wind farm development would have on local productive activities; c) local community distrust towards the company, local authorities and environmental regulators, and d) the threat to life projects of the local people. In order to drive the sustainable development of renewable energy to mitigate the effects of climate change, more attention should be paid to these aspects.

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    Authors: Avendaño Oviedo, Efren; Benites Torres, Edward Daniel; Infante Ramos, Sergio Andres;

    El aprovechamiento de aguas pluviales consiste en utilizar las cubiertas de los edificios como captadores; de este modo, el agua se recoge mediante canaletas, canalones o sumideros en un techo, tejado o una terraza, y se conduce a través de bajantes, para almacenarse finalmente en un depósito. El propósito de esta investigación está enfocado en evaluar la viabilidad de un proyecto de esta naturaleza, en las instalaciones de la unidad de salud Compensar salitre determinado la relación costo/beneficio, además de llevar a cabo la etapa preliminar de planeación. The use of rainwater consists of using the roofs of the buildings as collectors; in this way, the water is collected through gutters, gutters or drains on a roof, roof or terrace, and is conducted through downspouts, to be finally stored in a tank. The purpose of this research is focused on evaluating the viability of a project of this nature, in the facilities of the Compensar salitre health unit, determining the cost / benefit ratio, in addition to carrying out the preliminary planning stage. Especialista en Gerencia de Proyectos

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    Authors: Jorge Luis Cornejo Jacob;

    Se analizaron en este trabajo seis secuencias de destilación reactiva y unidad de separación (la secuencia convencional, la secuencia térmicamente acoplada y la secuencia térmicamente acoplada con uso mínimo de rehervidores, cada secuencia contó con su forma directa e indirecta) para producción de biodiesel mediante la esterificación de ácido láurico con metanol. Se evaluaron la robustez de las secuencias frente a perturbaciones, el arreglo de ganancias relativas (RGA) y la descomposición en valores singulares (DVS) con el fin de seguir el comportamiento dinámico de las seis secuencias cuando se les aplican diferentes perturbaciones en el flujo de entrada de los dos reactivos; de esta manera se encontraron regiones donde la operación es estable y controlable. Para la DVS se aplicaron perturbaciones en estado dinámico a las variables manipulables (relaciones de reflujo y cargas térmicas); las respuestas se ajustaron a modelos afines, con esto se obtuvieron los valores de valor singular mínimo y número de condición de cada secuencia. Para el análisis de RGA se perturbaron los valores iniciales de los productos y con las respuestas se arma la matriz de ganancias de la cual se obtienen su inversa y la transpuesta de la última y por último se aplica el producto Schur y se obtiene el análisis de RGA. Para realizar el análisis de controlabilidad se usaron tres controladores del tipo Proporcional-Integral (PI) previamente sintonizados, se aplicaron 3 diferentes perturbaciones en los flujos de entrada de las secuencias y se graficaron los resultados de productos y comportamiento de variables. Los resultados de controlabilidad se corroboran con los resultados del análisis DVS donde se observa que las secuencias que exhiben mejor control y robustez son la secuencia convencional indirecta y la secuencia térmicamente acoplada indirecta con uso mínimo de rehervidores. Six sequences of reactive distillation followed by a separation unit (conventional, thermally coupled and thermally coupled with minimum use of reboilers, each one in direct and indirect form) for the biodiesel production by esterification of lauric acid with methanol were analysed in this work. Also robustness against disturbances, relative gain array (RGA) and singular value decomposition (SVD) were evaluated in order to follow dynamic behaviour of the six sequences after perturbation in the feed flow rates of the two reactants; in this way regions for stable and controllable operation of the sequences were found. SVD was performed by disturbing the manipulate variables in dynamic state (reflux ratios and thermal duties); each response was adjusted to similar models in order to obtain the minimal singular value and the condition number for each sequence. In the case of the RGA, disturbance of the initial values of the products yield the gains matrix, which is inverted and transpose to, finally, practice the Schur product. To perform the controllability analysis, three Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers tuned previously were used; different disturbances were applied to the inlet flow rates and dynamic responses were followed. Controllability results confirmed the information yield by the SVD, it was observed that the sequences that exhibit the best robustness and controllability properties were the indirect conventional sequence and the indirect thermally coupled with minimum use of reboilers sequence. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Maestría en Ciencias en Ingeniería Química

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    Authors: Martínez, Marius|||0000-0001-9803-1275; Martínez, Sergi; Ferrer-Esteban, Gerard|||0000-0001-7394-3139; Martínez, Carme; +1 Authors

    Aquest article tanca el cercle d'una experiència de desenvolupament d'una comunitat d'aprenentatge. Es descriuen breument els marcs teòric i sociològic que delimiten el context per a la descripció del desenvolupament d'una comunitat. L'article finalitza amb uns apunts sobre la sostenibilitat dels projectes i la seva relació íntima amb la formació, la recerca i l'avaluació, que arriben a constituir el triangle per a la sostenibilitat. This article finishes a series about the development of a learning community. It describes briefly the theoretical and the sociological framework wich define and helps to describe the development of a community. The article finishes with some keynotes about sustainability, that is to say: the possibility or need to maintain the project and it's development. To do so, training, researching and evaluating are considered the three angles of the sustainability triangle. Este artículo cierra el círculo de una experiencia de desarrollo de una comunidad de aprendizaje. En él se describen brevemente los marcos teórico y sociológico que delimitan el contexto para la descripción del desarrollo de una comunidad. El artículo finaliza con unos apuntes sobre la sostenibilidad de los proyectos y su íntima relación con la formación, la investigación y la evaluación, que llegan a constituir el triángulo de la sostenibilidad.

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Recolector de Cienci...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Centeno Mora, Erick; Murillo Marín, Adrián;

    Este artículo aborda el tema del tratamiento sostenible de las aguas residuales en pequeñas comunidades de Costa Rica. Aunque esfuerzos recientes muestran interés político en mejorar el rezago histórico que sufre el país en infraestructura sanitaria, existen pocas referencias que guíen el proceso de selección de la tecnología y escala más adecuadas para los sistemas a implantar. Este trabajo provee un análisis de tres tecnologías para plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales (PTAR) de aplicación factible en el país. Para ello se estimó la demanda de área (DA), el costo constructivo (CC) y el costo de operación y mantenimiento (CO&M) de PTAR en diferentes escalas. Se mostró que los sistemas con humedal construido tienen la mayor DA y los menores CC y CO&M. Los sistemas con reactor anaerobio de flujo ascendente de manto de lodo seguido de filtro biológico percolador (UASB + FBP) tuvieron DA ligeramente mayores a las de los sistemas de lodos activados de aireación extendida (LAE), con CC ligeramente inferiores para la primera tecnología y CO&M de 50 a 100% mayores para los LAE. El estudio comprobó que la práctica actual de uso extendido de sistemas LAE en pequeña escala no resulta la opción más sostenible, por lo que se insta a que en el futuro se consideren escalas de PTAR mayores y se amplíe el abanico de tecnologías utilizadas en el país, aprovechando algunas recientes experiencias exitosas en países con condiciones similares. This article discusses the sustainable treatment of sewage for small communities in Costa Rica. Although recent efforts show a political interest in improving the country's historical lag in sanitation infrastructure, there are few references that guide the selection process of the most appropriate technology and scale for the systems to be installed. This work provides an analysis of three technologies for wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) of feasible application in the country. For this, the area demand (AD), the building cost (BC) and the operation and maintenance cost (O&MC) of STPs at different scales were estimated. It was shown that systems with constructed wetland have the highest AD and the lowest BC and O&MC. The systems with upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor followed by trickling filter (UASB + TF) had a larger AD than those of activated sludge with extended aeration (ASE), with BC smaller for the first technology and CO&M 50 to 100% higher for ASE. The study found that the current practice of extended use of small-scale ASE systems is not the most sustainable option. Thus, it is advised that future WWTP consider larger scales and alternative technologies, emulating some recent successful experiences in countries with similar conditions.

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