Doctoral Training Partnerships: a range of postgraduate training is funded by the Research Councils. For information on current funding routes, see the common terminology at www.rcuk.ac.uk/StudentshipTerminology. Training grants may be to one organisation or to a consortia of research organisations. This portal will show the lead organisation only.

This project examines historical and contemporary ideas of witchcraft as, on the one hand, counter-cultural and subversive and, on the other hand, as commodified and retailed in popular culture. It explores the function of the idea as the self-othering of Christianity in early modern Europe, culminating in the Great Witch Hunt and the use if this as a commodified motif in 21st Century forms of witchcraft in the west. The research thus provides an historically embedded idea of the contemporary phenomena of witchcraft, comparing its cultural packaging and its potential for social protest.

It is predicted that Internet video streaming and downloads will account for more than 76 percent of all consumer Internet traffic in 2018. The tremendous growth of multimedia traffic has given rise to the demand for highly scalable and efficient content retrieval and dissemination in the Internet. However, the Internet was originally designed to enable host-to-host communication and lacks natural support for content distribution. In this context, Information-Centric Networking (ICN) has emerged as a new paradigm for future Internet, where the network interprets, processes, and delivers name-identified content to the users independently of the host location. ICN deploys in-network caching that enables content to be retrieved from multiple locations to achieve low dissemination latency and network traffic reduction. Serving as its fundamental building block, efficient in-network caching is vitally important for ICN. The distinct features of in-network caching such as transparency, ubiquity and fine-granularity have made traditional caching theory, models and optimization approaches inapplicable to ICN caches. Therefore, significant research efforts have been devoted to tackling the very challenging problem of in-network caching. The existing research works have been primarily focused on the simulation studies of ICN caching. However, analytical modelling of ICN cache networks is indispensable for the understanding of the intrinsic behaviors and features of in-network caching. The analytical models reported in the current literature for ICN mainly adopt unrealistic assumptions, such as independent reference model and unknown chunk-level object popularity, and are commonly based on the inefficient Leave Copy Everywhere (LCE) cache decision policy only. Furthermore, due to both increasing energy cost and CO2 emission, energy efficiency of networks and systems becomes a dramatically growing concern. Consequently, energy-efficiency of ICN has also been investigated by some studies, which are mainly based on unrealistic models of topology and content requests. To the best of our knowledge, analytical modelling and optimization of cache resource allocation for energy-efficient information-centric networking with transparent, ubiquitous and fine-granular caches has not been reported in the existing literature. This project will investigate in-network cache resource allocation to achieve energy-efficient and timely content dissemination in the context of Information-Centric Networks. To tackle this challenging problem progressively, our work will be focused on three major tasks: 1) design of an intelligent cache decision policy with low complexity for ICN to reduce cache redundancy, increase the cache diversity and leverage the correlation between content requests; 2) development of novel analytical tools for evaluating the energy efficiency and performance of the proposed cache decision policy in terms of cache hit ratio and request response time with multimedia applications and heterogeneous network conditions; 3) development of a centralized optimization algorithm to investigate the impact of traffic conditions and network environments on the efficiency of cache allocation and a distributed cache allocation scheme that allocates appropriate cache locations of content chunks to minimize the energy consumption. The insights into energy-efficient cache allocation obtained in the aforementioned Tasks 1 and 2 will be feed into the distributed management scheme design in Task 3. The research proposed in the project is believed to among the first of its kind on the analysis and optimization of in-network cache allocation for energy-efficient ICN. The implications of this research will contribute directly to ICN in-network caching in both theoretical and practical sides and pave the way for future green Internet with multimedia applications.

From dentistry to Barnum's circus, running water to celluloid, The American Proust examines how the many and varied Americans influences in late C 19th France feature heavily in Proust's depiction of a world undergoing rapid technological, economic, sexual and cultural change. Central to the book is a detailed examination of the specific uses to which Proust put his reading of Emerson and Poe, and his appreciation of Whistler an A la recherché relationship between art and memory.

Elena Boschi's research has focused on popular music in cinema, which necessarily demands an expertise in how to understand low attention cultural consumption. Moreover, given her particular interest in British, Spanish, and Italian Cinema, she has developed theoretical approaches that are culturally-infused, combining formal analysis with an attention to social and political issues. Her background in popular music studies and film studies, and her current position as a lecturer in the Department of Media and Communication at Liverpool Hope University mean that Elena can offer the necessary interdisciplinary perspective that developing this expert workshop requires. She has served on the organising committee of the Biennial Conference of the International Association of Popular Music Studies at the University of Liverpool (2009) and has recently received internal funding to host a one-day symposium on Gender and Sexuality in British Cinema after Thatcher, which will result in a special issue of selected proceedings for the Journal of British Cinema and Television. She has co-edited with Anahid Kassabian and Marta García Quiñones (co-investigators in this project) the collection Ubiquitous Musics (Ashgate, 2013).