The aim of this proposal is to develop wide band gap thin film solar cells based on kesterite absorbers for future application in high efficiency and low cost tandem PV devices. The SWInG working group will focus both on the development of the processes for the synthesis of such solar cells based on the Cu2ZnXY4 (CZXY with X=Sn, Si, Ge and Y= S, Se) compounds and on the understanding of the physical and electrical properties of the high band gap absorber in order to reach high conversion efficiency. The key research challenges will be: developing up-scalable processes for the synthesis of the absorbers; defining the specifications for high quality wide band gap absorbers as well as suitable back contact and buffer/window layers; assessing the potential of this technology for PV applications. The wide band gap thin films solar cells developed in this project are expected to reach a stable efficiency of 15 % on a laboratory scale and 12 % for a mini-module prototype. The publications of specifications for the synthesis of high quality Cu2ZnXY4 absorber as well as suitable back/front contact are expected. The lead users will be PV modules manufacturers that work so far with thin films technologies, as well as the companies that design and produce the machines for the synthesis of such devices. The results will be disseminated and communicated to the European PV industries and the scientific community. The intensive exchange of researchers between the partners during the project will also lead to an enhanced European collaboration in the research field of thin film solar cells.

The objective of HouseInc is to apply innovative methodology to deeply analyse interlinked dimensions of housing inequalities in the context of marginalized communities. HouseInc will empirically examine economic, social and ecological drivers and assess impacts of various indicators on housing inequality to derive policy recommendations that foster the adoption of effective measures addressing housing inequality across Europe. With a transdisciplinary dialogue, the project develops innovative social, financial and digital solutions that can be up-scaled and thus, contribute to a better socio-economic and sustainable integration of vulnerable groups in European societies. HouseInc takes a systemic view and assesses interlinkages of housing inequalities - emphasizing energy and mobility poverty, digital dimensions, employment opportunities, family and socio-demographic conditions, energy-efficiency and health - on a micro-, meso- and macro-level. The interdisciplinary HouseInc consortium - consisting of research institutes and universities, policy think tanks, NGOs and practitioners on the ground - involves case studies to engage directly with members of four marginalized communities in or from Eastern Europe. Besides a mix-method approach, including modelling and a GIS-based analysis depicting geographical and future housing inequality, we implement a multinational survey to better understand housing inequality in light of recent events such as COVID-19 and Russia's invasion in the Ukraine. The research results will be assessed, mapped and scaled up using Living Labs and various stakeholder engagement activities to provide innovative solutions addressing housing inequalities and translating them into valid local, regional, national and EU policy recommendations impacting EU and national funding programs and providing a comprehensive overview and guidance for policymakers to mitigate housing inequalities.

This proposal describes the third core project of the Graphene Flagship. It forms the fourth phase of the FET flagship and is characterized by a continued transition towards higher technology readiness levels, without jeopardizing our strong commitment to fundamental research. Compared to the second core project, this phase includes a substantial increase in the market-motivated technological spearhead projects, which account for about 30% of the overall budget. The broader fundamental and applied research themes are pursued by 15 work packages and supported by four work packages on innovation, industrialization, dissemination and management. The consortium that is involved in this project includes over 150 academic and industrial partners in over 20 European countries.