Air Transport has for a long time been linked to environmental issues like pollution, noise and climate change. Aviation emissions, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapour (H2O), nitrogen oxides (NOx), soot and sulphate aerosols, alter the concentration of atmospheric Greenhouse gases and trigger the formation of contrails and cirrus clouds. The share of aviation amongst all anthropogenic CO2 emissions is about 2% (ATAG). However, studies estimate the climate impact from aviation for the year 2005 including non-CO2 emissions to roughly 5% of the total anthropogenic radiative forcing (Lee et al., 2010). Considering the projected growth of air traffic for the next decades of 5% (RPK) per year, aviation’s share of the total anthropogenic climate impact is expected to increase further. Consequently, intergovernmental organizations, aircraft manufacturers and operators and the research community are increasingly focusing on different technological, operational and regulatory climate impact mitigation options. In this framework, ClimOP aims to identify, evaluate and support the implementation of mitigation strategies to initiate and foster operational improvements which reduce the climate impact of the aviation sector. Operational improvements correspond to any operational measure or action taken through time in order to improve the current provision of aviation operations. The overall objective of ClimOp is to define actions and advice for policymakers by proposing a set of most promising and harmonized mitigation strategies.

INCLAVI will address the skills mismatches that exist in the aviation sector related to the freedom of movement of persons with disabilities (PwDs) and accessibility requirements in line with the EC Strategy for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2021-2030. INCLAVI accomplishes this through rigorous cooperation between key global industry and labour market actors combined with a world-class HEI and VET consortium. INCLAVI will also further improve the collaboration between HEIs and VET. The specific objectives of INCLAVI are: 1 - Understanding the actual passenger journeys of PwDs across all stages of a passenger journey and a wide spectrum of disabilities on a more detailed level than the currently distinguished ones in the aviation industry and education. 2 - Identifying the best practices of inclusive aviation across the aviation sector, and benchmarking the best 30 training and education programmes and curricula that address the PwD skills in air transport. 3 – Developing the curriculum contents and structure to be deployed through conventional and digitalized means (Training app), both in higher and vocational education and among aviation professionals, with INCLAVI Training App aiming to reach 10.200 unique downloads within the INCLAVI consortium. 4 – Enabling the curriculum with long term validity through due recognition and certification and real-world application with 8.000 recognised and certified learning encounters and further dissemination at 150 major EU airports and 50 major EU airlines. 5 – Publishing policy recommendations for EU and global stakeholders involved with the aviation industry 6. –Annually improving the passenger journey of 52,000 passengers with disabilities during the project lifetime at iGa with potential for growth with further aviation industry actors. INCLAVI has gathered 13 carefully selected partners from 10 countries representing key aviation stakeholders, HEI, VET, and aviation stakeholders.

The ALIGHT project will address the global need to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) and other air emissions in order to adapt to climate change and promote a sustainable future. It will do so through the development and demonstration of two sustainable solutions to be implemented in Copenhagen Airport (the Lighthouse airport), namely 1) the supply, implementation, integration and smart use of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) and 2) the development, integration and implementation of smart energy system (including renewable energy sources, energy storage and energy management). On the SAF side, ALIGHT will tackle a current challenge, namely the smart, sustainable and cost effective handling of SAF in the operational context of a major airport. The project will address the SAF chain from procurement to integration and demonstration and ensure compliance with all relevant criteria, including sustainability. Within the area of smart energy, ALIGHT will address the full chain from system mapping, energy supply (including renewable energy, energy storage and geothermal energy), smart energy management to planning and demonstration in passenger transport, ground handling equipment and buildings (including heating, cooling and electricity). Field performance monitoring will be performed on aircraft exhaust-, vehicle- and air quality level. Sustainability and the reduction of GHG and other air emissions will be addressed throughout, and all components will be subject to relevant sustainability requirements. ALIGHT will bring forward the necessary solutions, knowledge, guidelines and best practice recommendations in comprehensivWith the Lighthouse project, CPH as Lighthouse with two fellow airports, will demonstrate energy-efficient, climate-friendly, fossil-free and smart solutions in preparation for upcoming massive investments in, among other things. infrastructure for biokerosene airplane fuel and electrification of vehicles and machines both in- and outside the airport.

It is widely accepted that the use of sustainable fuels, with a Life-cycle carbon footprint substantially smaller than the present fossil-origin kerosene, is the most promising and probably the only short-medium time measure allowing the aviation industry to reduce its emissions, helping to reach 2015 Paris Agreement targets. During the last 10 years, many tests have been done with different drop-in organic products with high level of success. Present commercial aircraft engines are certified for using a mix of up to 50% of some of these new products. More additional research is still going on the convenience of developing new feedstocks and on their potential climate change impact. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is now discussing the best way to standardise the Life-cycle Analysis (LCA) of the most readily available products and what is the best certification procedures. This process is needed in order to apply CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation), approved in October 2016, intending to stabilize international aviation carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions at 2020 levels. However, none of those new organic-origin fuels has proved the means to be produced in an economically competitive way versus fossil kerosene. It is generally accepted that some type of incentive mechanism needs to be implemented to make sustainable fuel attractive for the airlines in addition to the CORSIA and European Trading System provisions. As the result of this Chinese and European cooperation proposal, some possibilities appear for a wider aviation sustainable fuel utilisation, considering both technical and economic areas, including the possible use of more feedstocks and production pathways than the existing ones. New fuel candidates will be evaluated in this project according to improved modelling methods, considering LCA optimization, climate change effects and technical and economic consequences of their use.