The overall objective of AF4EU is to promote the European AF through the development of a multi-actor interactive and innovation-driven expanded agroforestry network. This will be based on the sharing of successful practical experiences and existing research knowledge (applied to different and new territories, climates and agricultural sectors) connected through ICT-Tools, with a special focus on the development and implementation of new cost-effective practices, business models and AF-extension services considering the whole food chain and therefore including consumers. All AF4EU partners have associated networks of AF farmers, policy makers and advisors thanks to their leadership of the European Agroforestry Association National Network and others are large farmers association itself (e.g. EFI) that will be an essential part of the 11 Regional Agroforestry Innovation Networks including relevant actors and specially operational groups. The Andalucian ministry of agriculture as policy maker is also part of the consortium. A set of 33 successful AF farm business models will be analysed across Europe from a sustainability perspective (economic, environmental and social). The project builds up on previous H2020 projects and aims at developing an AF knowledge platform that integrates a end-user (i) searchable knowledge reservoir namely Knowledge cloud, (ii) an alive-handbook, (iii) an agroforestry innovation business decision support tool (AFi-Bus DSS) including a business and a business environment analysis targeting AF policy in Europe and a Multilingual Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) with training modules targeting farmers and advisors. AF4EU will definitively contribute to the implementation and uptake across Europe thanks to the supply of cost-effective business models techniques and a successful communication, dissemination and exploitation planning reaching a large audience in Europe.

According to the EU Soil Strategy, around 60 to 70% of the soils in the European Union are not healthy and suffering from severe degradation processes. The degradation processes primarily affecting the topsoils are also depleting the subsoil health reducing the ecosystem services delivery. However, subsoil knowledge is scarce in spite of the relevance it has. SUS-SOIL is a 4-year project adopting multidisciplinary approach that will develop a set of 15 Subsoil-Living Labs (LLs) to inventory, analyse and benchmark different agroecology subsoil management (ASM) and land uses and their impacts on the subsoil spatial variations and dynamics to best combine ASM practices in rural and urban areas within a global regional context. SUS-SOIL results will be the start point to increase the awareness of land managers and public authorities to understand the subsoil threats and risks, support EU agroecological transformation tackling subsoils and increasing ecosystem services delivery, promote water security and climate change mitigation of rural and urban ecosystems. The main outcomes include: (1) develop a subsoil/soil monitoring database (S-DB) able to be interoperable with the LUCAS and ESDAC databases, (ii) the analysis long-term ASM land use and management of 3 relevant types of soil per LL and the relationship with rural and urban ecosystem services delivery including modelling, (iii) develop a set of farm idiotypes per LL mixing the ASM best practices as an alternative to conventional systems to enhance the ecosystem services provision at regional level for citizens through (iv) a Subsoil Decision Support Tool (S-DST) considering soil degradation and relevant business models and propose a (v) subsoil policy strategy framework to foster ASM best practices.