Strong efforts would be required to drastically reduce the fossil dependency and the CO2 emissions reductions in the transport sector, in line with the 2011 White paper on Transport – i.e. a 20% reduction in the CO2 emissions by 2030 (relative to 2008 levels) and a 60% reduction by 2050 (relative to 1990 levels). Electrification of the transport sector offers EU the opportunity to achieve these long term targets. The larger automotive industry have recognized the potential of electric vehicles (EVs) and there are large strides planned in building electric charging infrastructure – as announced by E.ON and Ionity about their investment plans for ultra-fast charging infrastructure. Right now, there’s no EV that can accept this charge rate, but several automakers are working on electric cars able to accept that kind of power. SELFIE makes its biggest impact here, ensuring that the EVs, in the not so distant future, are able to accept this high charge rate without reduction on battery lifetime, and to store the energy efficiently in their batteries with minimal losses. The overall objective is to develop and demonstrate a novel self-sustained compact battery system, consisting of: - A smart modular battery pack, which has excellent internal thermal conductivity properties, a refrigerant cooling system and thermal storage system (heat buffer) capable to absorb excess heat due to fast charging, and which is thoroughly insulated from the outside; - An advanced battery thermal management system capable to keep the battery temperature effectively within the optimal window and to prevent overheating (and battery degradation) due to fast charging. SELFIE will significantly increase user acceptance of EVs by enabling fast-charging; offering significant cost reductions and elimination of range anxiety compared to other propulsion technologies.

The GHOST project addresses all the H2020 topic GV-06-2017 aspects including also important contributions on the innovative Dual Battery System (DBS) architecture based on next generation of battery technologies (i.e. Li-S) and its impact on the reduction of complexity of the E/E architecture, improvement of energy density, efficiency, safety, scalability, modularity, and cost reduction. The activity proposed will be conducted by a thirteen member consortium belonging to 7 EU MS representing all requested competencies in the field of Battery Systems (BS), their thermal management, integration and safety for automotive applications (OEMs (EUCAR), suppliers (CLEPA), Engineering and Technology Organisations and universities (EARPA) including members of ERTRAC and EGVIA). The main objectives of the GHOST project are: Design of novel modular BS with higher energy density up to 20% based on the SoA of Li-ion battery cells through: Implementation of advanced light and functionalized housing material Innovative, modular, energy/cost efficient thermal management architectures and strategies Increase of the BS energy density up to 30% based on novel DSB Concept compared to SoA BS based on Li-ion technology Development of mass producible innovative and integrated design solutions to reduce the battery integration cost at least by 30% through smart design Definition of new test methodologies and procedures to evaluate reliability, safety and lifetime of different BS Design of novel prototyping, manufacturing and dismantling techniques for the BS Evaluation of 2nd life battery potential, applications and markets Demonstration of GHOST solutions in two demonstrators (BEV bus with superfast charge capability and PHEV) and one lab demonstrator (module level) for the post Lithium-Ion technology Technologies developed in the Project will be ready for first market introduction from 2023 and have a strong impact on the e-chargeable vehicles performance increase.

3beLiEVe aims at delivering the 3b generation of LNMO cells for the electrified vehicles market of 2025 and beyond. The project addresses the full scope of the LC-BAT-5-2019 call by delivering: • 3b generation batteries with LNMO cathodes, LiFSI electrolyte, and a 10-20 wt.% Si-C anode in a cell architecture capable of 750 Wh/l, 300 Wh/kg, 1.4 kW/kg, and 2,000+ deep cycles, of which 10% at 3C+; • a portfolio of internal and external sensors (22 sensors per module) and an adaptive liquid cooling system managed by a smart BMS with advanced diagnostic and operational functions; • cradle to cradle approach, including cell/module/pack green manufacturing processes (gigafactory level), optical equipment for inline quality inspection, 1st and 2nd life performance and recyclability demonstration, achieving 90 €/kWh life cycle cost. The project will deliver 250 cells of generation 3b in total and two demonstrator battery packs of 88 cells and 12 kWh capacity each at TRL 6 / MRL 8. These aim at demonstrating the 3beLiEVe technology performance for applications in light duty (i.e. passenger cars, freight vehicles) and commercial vehicles (i.e. city buses and trucks) in fully electric/plug-in hybrid (BEV/PHEV) configurations. 3beLiEVe technology is free of critical raw materials (cobalt and natural graphite), scalable and sustainable, aiming at 12.7 GWh production by 2025 and 33.7 GWh in 2030, for a market ranging from 1.1 to 2.5 billion €/year, i.e. 7% of the global manufacturing capacity. All the technological domains and innovations addressed in 3beLiEVe are essential for strengthening the position of the European battery and automotive industry in the future market of xEVs.