INERATEC (IC) sells modular chemical plants for the production of CO2-neutral fuels and materials based on greenhouse gases and renewable power. IC`s disruptive innovation is a micro-structured reactor technology, which can be integrated into containers, allowing a numbering-up that makes the exploration of local and world-scale renewable feedstock sources economically feasible. The Fischer-Tropsch reactor is simultaneously producing e-Diesel and e-kerosene – two renewable products, which, after separation and final conditioning, can help customers in road transport and aviation to significantly reduce their CO2 footprint. IC has implemented 10 demonstration plants so far, reaching TRL 7. With IMPOWER2X TRL 9 is reachable. To become even more successful, IC must transform its technology from demonstration applications to industrial application, consequently reducing the costs to provide the technology. To achieve that, existing plant concepts will be modularized and standardized, a serial production of the modules as well as the reactors built up and plants implemented at industrial scale and at customers’ sites. Additionally, the public and political acceptance for renewable fuels must be sharpened. IC will be able to either sell its plants or to provide long-term off-take agreements to customers in the field of e Diesel and e-kerosene, finally allowing to reduce the CO2 footprint of the individual customers by nearly 100%. Geographical sweet spots as well as promising customers worldwide will mainly be targeted. IMPOWER2X is in alignment with IC’s strategy of strengthening its position as market leader for synthetic, renewable fuel. With IC’s solution, customers and countries will be able to reach their climate targets and positively contribute to the environmental targets. This way the proposal serves the goals of the Green Deal by supporting the EU´s climate mitigation ambitions by helping to come to a clean and sustainable mobility and industry.

KEROGREEN offers a novel conversion route to sustainable aviation fuel synthesised from H2O and CO2 powered by renewable electricity. Because the sustainable kerosene emits less soot and no sulphur, it meets future aviation air pollution standards. The conversion is based on plasma driven CO2 dissociation, solid oxide membranes and Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis of kerosene. Synergy between plasma activated species and novel perovskite electrodes of the oxygen separator are expected to raise CO productivity and energy efficiency. CO2 emitted upon fuel usage is recirculated as feedstock to the process by direct air capture. The technology is modular, scalable and relies on inexpensive existing infrastructure for storage, transport and distribution. In this project the technology readiness level is raised from TRL 3 to 4 by novel system integration into a container sized unit producing 1kg/hr kerosene. Projected cost at this stage of development are estimated at +50% of fossil kerosene. Market entrance will be facilitated by ETS, airline CO2 compensation fund and ICAO regulation. The intermediate CO product is a valuable gas by itself. On-site production offers inherent safety. Safety issues and sustainability of KEROGREEN, including environmental impact, cost and acceptability will be analysed. By dynamically converting surplus renewable electricity in carbon neutral liquid fuel, vast energy storage capacity opens up to the electricity system, providing flexibility and allowing increased penetration of renewable electricity. The KEROGREEN Power-to-X technology is generic as it couples the electricity sector to the oil, gas and chemical sector, with the powerful potential to reduce the overall EU CO2 emission budget, increase energy security and conserve fossil fuel. Compact sized KEROGREEN equipment close coupled to an off-shore wind turbine or a remote solar array produces carbon neutral liquid fuel on site, with no need for expensive electricity infrastructure.

The overall aim of the project is to develop a new production concept for converting CO2 to white oils and aliphatic high molecular weight waxes. The products are used for wax emulsions and white oils to be used in coatings and sealant materials The properties of the raw materials will be tested against current fossil based materials. The main raw material for the process is CO2 which is available from processes currently operating at a large industrial site with significant annual CO2 emissions. H2 is obtained as by product from a chlor-alkali plant on the site. Currently H2 is produced in excess and it is used mainly for energy production. Currently at this chemical production site about 2 million tons/a of CO2 is vented to the atmosphere, creating a huge GHG emission reduction potential. The core of this project is a combination of reverse water gas shift (RWGS) coupled with advanced, modular Fischer-Tropsch (FT) technology. The RWGS-step converts CO2 with H2 to carbon monoxide. The following FT-reaction step will be carried out in a novel intensified reactor recently developed and patented by Ineratec. Over 1500 kg of white oils and high-molecular weight wax will be manufactured using a container-sized microstructured reactor system. Techno-economic and environmental assessments will be carried out to demonstrate the potential of the new concept in different locations and integration sites. A business plan will be formulated in the project for a follow-up of a commercial industrial demonstration project.

The aim of the COMSYN project is to develop a new BTL production concept that will reduce biofuel production cost up to 35 % compared to alternative routes. This means < 0,80 €/l production cost for diesel. The production concept is based on distributed primary conversion of various kinds of biomass residues to intermediate liquid products with small-to-medium scale (10-50 kt/a FT products) units located close to biomass resources. The primary conversion will be integrated to local heat and power production resulting in 80 % energy efficiency in biomass utilization. The FT products will be refined to high quality drop-in liquid transport fuels at existing oil refineries. The novel gasification technology will enable the use of wider feedstock basis than the current gasification processes. In addition to woody residues, the process is able to utilize straw and other agricultural residues, and various waste-derived materials which create new job opportunities and stimulate economy also close to the production

The key objective of the GLAMOUR project is the design, scale-up and validation of an integrated process that converts the waste bio-based feedstock such as crude glycerol into aviation and marine diesel fuels. The focus of the project will be a combination of high pressure, auto-thermal reforming/gasification using chemical looping to produce syngas and the integration of Fischer-Tropsch compact reactor integrated with 3D printed structured catalyst. The GLAMOUR process will achieve full conversion of the crude glycerol into synthetic paraffine kerosene (FT-SPK) to be used as jetfuel and into marine diesel oil (MDO) with an energy efficiency of 65% and the remaining gas will be converted into pure CO2 stream (purity >95%) and extra heat available. These improvements would increase the overall revenue of existing 2nd generation bio-diesel plants reducing the cost for large scale biomass-to-liquid production processes by 35% and the CO2 emissions up to 70%. The project will focus on the scale up of the two processes to achieve a final TRL5 demonstration for 1000 hours by using 2 kg/h of glycerol in a packed bed chemical looping systems and a downstream FT reactor. The consortium includes two universities, three large research centres and 5 industries (including SMEs) which will combine fundamental knowledge on gas-solid and catalytic reactions, material design and engineering process design, economics, environmental analysis, societal and policy making decision. In the long term, GLAMOUR could unlock low cost feedstock with cost decrease of 65%, increase the production of biofuel to achieve the overall bio-jet fuel production to move 19% of the EU passengers reducing the CO2 emissions up to 27 Mt/year and generating a scalable business up to 11 bln/years.