The ROLL2RAIL project aims to develop key technologies and to remove already identified blocking points for radical innovation in the field of railway vehicles, as part of a longer term strategy to revolutionise the rolling stock for the future. The high level objectives of the work are to pave the way to: • Increase the capacity of the railway system and bring flexibility to adapt capacity to demand • Increase availability, operational reliability and therefore punctuality of the vehicles • Reduce the life cycle costs of the vehicle and the track • Increase the energy efficiency of the system • Improve passenger comfort and the attractiveness of rail transport Specific developments are proposed the scope of ROLL2RAIL: • Basis of a radically new traction technology based on emerging electronic components leading towards more energy-efficient traction, which is lighter and more reliable while reducing the noise emitted • New wireless technology applied to train control functionalities will allow more flexible coupling to increase line capacity • Carbody solutions based on lightweight composite materials to reduce weight • A way of quantifying the life-cycle cost impact of new technological solutions for running gear; • Knowledge database of the variety of requirements in Europe for the braking systems to bring down barriers to step-change innovation in this area • Standardised methodologies for assessing attractiveness and comfort from the passenger’s point of view • Methodology for noise source separation techniques allowing implementation of novel and more efficient noise mitigation measures It is also the objective of ROLL2RAIL to serve as a preparation for a fast and smooth start up of the large scale initiative SHIFT2RAIL. All ROLL2RAIL results will ultimately lead to demonstration in real vehicles or relevant environments in SHIFT2RAIL.

Critical infrastructures (CI) rely on complex safety- and security-critical ICT systems placed into unpredictable environments and forced to cope with unexpected events and threats while exhibiting safe adaptive behavior. Recent security trends stress continuous adaptation to increase attacker work factor and to confound reverse-engineering. Critical CI systems must undergo extensive and costly scrutiny under diverse certification regimes. Improved, effective and affordable development and certification methods are essential. CITADEL will provide innovative platform technology, methodology and tools for development, deployment, and certification of adaptive MILS systems for CI, to be demonstrated in three industrial CI use cases. The solution enables robust and resilient CI through monitoring and adaptive self-healing mechanisms that respond to natural and malicious occurrences by intelligently reconfiguring hosts, functions, and networks, while maintaining essential functions and defences. CITADEL is based on MILS, an approach featuring modular construction and compositional assurance, reducing the time and cost for development, certification, and maintenance of dependable systems. The MILS platform, based on a separation kernel, manages physical resources while establishing and enforcing a verified application architecture. Leveraging advances from the D-MILS and EURO-MILS projects, CITADEL will extend the MILS approach by adding dynamic reconfiguration to the MILS platform, and Monitoring and Adaptation Systems enabling resilience to adversity while preserving vital system properties. CITADEL supports certification of Adaptive MILS systems by analyzing configuration change mechanisms, adaptation system, configuration properties, and configuration change policies with automated verification tools, and by providing an innovative runtime evidence management agent to automatically generate up-to-date certification assurance artifacts as the system adapts.

certMILS develops a security certification methodology for Cyber-physical systems (CPS). CPS are characterised by safety-critical nature, complexity, connectivity, and open technology. A common downside to CPS complexity and openness is a large attack surface and a high degree of dynamism that may lead to complex failures and irreparable physical damage. The legitimate fear of security or functional safety vulnerabilities in CPS results in arduous testing and certification processes. Once fielded, many CPS suffer from the motto: never change a running system. certMILS increases the economic efficiency and European competitiveness of CPS development, while demonstrating the effectiveness of safety & security certification of composable systems. The project employs a security-by-design concept originating from the avionics industry: Multiple Independent Levels of Security (MILS), which targets controlled information flow and resource usage amongst software applications. certMILS reduces certification complexity, promotes re-use, and enables secure updates to CPS throughout its life-cycle by providing certified separation of applications, i.e. if an application within a complex CPS fails or starts acting maliciously, other applications are unaffected. Security certification of complex systems to medium-high assurance levels is not solved today. The existing monolithic approaches cannot cope with the complexity of modern CPS. certMILS uses ISO/IEC 15408 and IEC 62443 to develop and applies a compositional security certification methodology to complex composable safety-critical systems operating in constantly evolving hostile environments. certMILS core results are standardised in a protection profile.certMILS develops three composable industrial CPS pilots (smart grid, railway, subway), certifies security of critical re-useable components, and ensures security certification for the pilots by certification labs in three EU countries with involvement of the authorities.

SAFE4RAIL will provide the baseline for a fundamentally simplified embedded computing and networked TCMS platform, for modular integration and certification of all safety-, time- and mission-critical train functions, including distributed hard real-time controls, safety signals and functions up to SIL4. The generic embedded platform architecture provided by SAFE4RAIL will allow mixed-criticality integration and virtualization to host critical and non-critical functions on reconfigurable computing and networking resources. The SAFE4RAIL simulation and testing environment is based on the hardware abstraction and domain separation concepts allowing rapid deployment and testing of applications, e.g. by supporting early functional integration testing long before vehicle integration. The results of SAFE4RAIL are demonstrated with a SIL4 brake-by-wire system safety concept. Finally, the project will provide recommendations for standardization and certification of next generation TCMS embedded platform. SAFE4RAIL reduces TCMS system lifecycle and operating costs and minimizes time-to-market by: (1) minimized physical complexity: reduced weight, wiring, connector and computer count, increased part commonality, reliability and availability (2) supporting streamlined approaches to verification/testing, validation, reuse, and (re)certification (3) incorporating reconfiguration and modular certification to reduce system integration and recommissioning costs. SAFE4RAIL results will encourage interoperability, efficient, safe and secure interconnection of technical solutions among European railway providers, boosting the worldwide competitiveness and preserving the global leadership of the European transport industry. SAFE4RAIL is driven by a European cross-industry consortium of 11 academic and industrial partners (including 4 SMEs), with experts from automotive, aerospace, railway to ensure synergies with existing and developing architectural concepts and technologies.