The preservation of cultural and scientific heritage has been an important concern for centuries. In scientific and technical museums, aluminium is present in almost all collections, from aircraft to spacecraft, from industrial objects to everyday objects. Unfortunately, the aluminum alloys used in these aircraft are very susceptible to corrosion. The main objective of this research project is to propose to heritage professionals, curators and conservators, new innovative diagnostic and conservation tools to ensure the long-term conservation of aircraft exposed outdoors. This research could allow a more reliable estimation of the risks incurred by these materials in order to define a coherent conservation policy. To achieve these objectives, our project relies on : - the development of non-destructive techniques based on the use of non-linear guided waves for the analysis and monitoring of aircraft structures, especially for areas difficult to access. Guided ultrasonic waves generate growing interest because they can propagate over long distances and offer enormous potential in terms of time and cost savings during the inspection of a wide variety of structures. Indeed, guided waves can achieve much greater inspection ranges than conventional ultrasonic inspection methods, as they use the structure itself as a waveguide by exploiting the resonances between the structure's boundaries. -The development of advanced technological solutions for preservation and maintenance. To rapidly reduce the corrosion rate on some internal parts, an advanced formulation of corrosion inhibitors will be applied. Secondly, new cathodic protection techniques will be developed to protect the corroded aluminum alloys based on different galvanic couplings with the aluminum alloys, in order to ensure long-term corrosion protection and easier maintenance. Preliminary results have shown that low polarization can be sufficient to significantly reduce the corrosion current density and inhibit the pitting phenomenon. Therefore, cathodic polarization of ancient aluminum alloys with a low voltage sacrificial anode such as an activated aluminum anode (Al-Zn (Ga/In)) or a magnesium alloy may be possible to protect ancient aircrafts. -The development of a specific numerical tool based on a digital twin concept by combining all these data and a digitalization of the aircraft. The objective of this tool is to link the 3D representations of an aircraft to heterogeneous sets of information (documentation, material analysis, iconographic sources, etc.). In this perspective, the data associated in the digital twin can be considered as an integral part of the aircraft. The museum will also create a virtual exhibition in order to share with the public the conservation process developed for the aircraft kept outdoors and the technological aspects of the heritage.

The project FOEHN fits the challenge 3 of the thematic axis Factory of the Future (Axis2) of the call. The context is the field of research dedicated to provide innovation for increasing the reliability of NDE (Non Destructive Evaluation) methods used by industry. More precisely the project proposes to develop new methodologies and simulation tools aiming at increasing the accuracy of the reliability assessment of NDE methods by taking into account influential factors including OHF (Organizational and Human Factors). The reliability of NDE methods can be estimated by calculating probability of detection (POD) for the researched flaws. This approach allows to accounting for the variability of the parameters which impact the response of the inspection system through statistical analysis. Numerical simulation is more and more used in this context. Nowadays Organizational and Human Factors (OHF) are difficult to take into account in this context and often, the performances observed on site are lower that initially predicted. The variability of some “technical factors” also remains difficult to account for. The project FOEHN aims at analyzing and modelizing influence. The objective is to propose POD evaluation tools taking into account technical factors which influence the response of the inspection system and OHF. More specifically the project FOEHN aims at improving in thi sense the so-called MAPOD (Model Assisted POD) approach based on the use of simulation. The approach adopted consists in studying several cases of applications from which will be proposed more generic methodologic tools. In order to fulfil these objective the consortium of the collaborative project FOEHN is constituted by: • Three NDE industrial end-users : AIRBUS GROUP for the aircraft insudtry, EDF CEIDRE for the nuclear industry and the INSTITUT DE SOUDURE active in many industrial sectors. • The Institute LIST of CEA Tech, RTO active in NDE which in particular develops the CIVA simulation plat-form and works on MAPOD approach. • The CRC (Centre de recherche sur les Risques et les Crises) de l’école Mines Paristech, research center dedicated to organizational and Human Factors. The expected results are at different levels. First of all the project will provide a formal framework allowing to better understanding, modeling and predicting the impact of OHF on the performances of inspections. In addition at the end of the project will be available sets of data obtained in well controlled conditions involving the monitoring of inspectors. Methodologies for the capture and exploitation of human factors in the context of a POD study. These tools will be implemented in a laboratory plat-form which will possibly be enriched and exploited beyond the project. In parallel, the MAPOD approach will be extended in order to provide more realistic estimated POD. The numerical tools will be implemented in CIVA. More generally it is expected a significant improvement of the estimation of statistical indicators related to POD and consequently new possibilities to optimize the design and assessment of NDE methods.

The COROUSSO project deals with the modelling and control of robots for machining operations of large composite parts and friction stir welding (FSW). As a matter of fact, those machining and welding operations are usually realized by means of expensive custom-made machines. As a consequence, manufacturers (mainly aeronautical manufacturers) require new devices to allow them to decrease the manufacturing cost as well as to improve the machining quality. It appears that the robotization of the manufacturing processes is a relevant solution. However, industrial robots are usually not stiff enough for machining operations and FSW and the quality of the resulting machined or welded parts does not respect the specifications. Accordingly, the project aims to propose three strategies to improve robot machining quality. First, the flexibilities of the robots will be taken into account in their control loop. Then, the uncertainties will be also considered in the control loop of the robots in order to obtain a robust control. Finally, the influence of the path (part to be welded or machined) placement on the machining quality will be studied. This project will also focus on the elastodynamic performance of the robots. Indeed, the wrench exerted on the end-effector of the robot due to manufacturing or the welding process can generate some distortions of the robot architecture as well as some vibrations. In order to decrease those distortions and vibrations, the elastodynamic model of the robot will be implemented in its control loop. The parameters of the elastodynamic model will be also identified experimentally beforehand. Moreover, the distortions and vibrations of the robot should be also reduced by means of force feedback control and a force sensor that will be installed between the robot end-effector and the tool. It is apparent that the better the modelling of the robot and its environment, namely the production process, the better the performance of the robot. Therefore, the kinematic and dynamic modelling of the FSW process and the manufacturing process used to machine large composite parts will be determined in the scope of this project. The partners of the project already have good knowledge of those processes but some research work has to be done in order to implement the obtained models in the control loop of the robot. This will be a major contribution of COROUSSO project. The knowledge of COROUSSO partners fit well with the project. The IRCCyN (Nantes) is well known in the field of robotics and manufacturing and mainly for its research works on robot design, modelling and control. The LCFC (Metz) has contributed a lot the last few decades in the fields of modelling and optimization of production processes like FSW. Besides, LCFC researchers took part in some industrial projects on robot control. The two industrial partners, i.e., ``l’Institut de Soudure’’ and ``Europe Technologies’’ are well known for your research works on production process and development of new manufacturing techniques. Finally, the COROUSSO project aims to provide theoretical and experimental results on the development of robotic cells dedicated to machining of large composite parts FSW. The technology transfer in the production domain will be realized by means of experimental tests conducted by the industrial partners to highlight critical operations. The contributions of the project should also help us robotize other production process later.